英语教师试讲必备语法术语

1、word.英语教师试讲必备语法术语语法 grammar 句法 syntax词法 morphology 结构 structure层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structuralword 单纯词 simple word 派生词 derivative 复合词 compound 词性 part of speech名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun不可数名词 uncountab

2、le noun 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concret noun物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliaryverb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal ve

3、rb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective 副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词 relative a

4、dverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pr

5、onoun 冠词 article 定冠词 definite article不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional numeral 形式 form 单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form 从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句

6、 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句

7、 adverbial clauseof result 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition 错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence 简单句 simple sen

8、tence 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complexsentence 并列复合句 compound complex sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句 interrogative sentence 一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 specialquestion 选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive question 修辞疑问句 rhetorical question 感叹疑问句exclamatory question 存

9、在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence pattern 否定句 negative sentence 祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句 elliptical sentence 感叹句 exclamatory sentence 句子成分members of sentences 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object 复合宾语 complex objec

10、t 同源宾语 cognate object 补语 complement 主补 subject complement宾补 object complement 表语 predicative 定语 attribute 同位语 appositive状语 adverbial 句法关系 syntactic relationship 并列 coordinate 从属subordination 修饰 modification 前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰 postmodification 限制 restriction 双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-res

11、triction 数 number 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form 不规则形式irregular form 格 case 普通格 common case所有格 possessive case 主格 nominative case 宾格 objective case 性 gender阳性 masculine 阴性 feminine 通性 common 中性 neuter 人称 person 第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third person 时态 tense过去将来

12、时past future tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense 一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense 一般将来时future simple tense 现在完成时pastperfect tense 过去完成时present perfect tense 将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense 过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时futu

13、re continuous tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfectcontinuous tense 语态 voice 主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice 语气 mood 陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood虚拟语气 subjunctive mood 否定 negation 否定范围 scope of negation全部否定 full negation

14、局部否定 partial negation 转移否定 shift of negation 语 序 order 自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion 全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion 直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech 一致agreement 主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 no

15、tional agreement 就近原则 principle of proximity 强调 emphasis 重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone 升调 rising tone降调 falling tone 降升调 falling-rising tone 文体 style 正式文体 formal非正式文体informal 口语 spoken/oral English 套语 formulistic expression_r英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English 用法 usage 感情色彩emotional

16、coloring 褒义 commendatory 贬义 derogatory 幽默 humorous 讽刺sarcastic 挖苦 ironic 词性： word class/ part of speech 宾格： accusative case 所有格： genitive caseBelinda ：2009-03-05 16:55:44American English: 美式英语British English:英式英语speech sounds ：语音pronounciation: 发音Good morning(afternoon, evening),class(everyone,stude

17、nts). 同学们 , 早晨好。This term we have nine subjects:Chinese,Enghish,Politics,History,Geography,Maths,physics,Chemistry and Biology.这学期我们有九门学科：语文、英语、政治、历史、地理、数学、化学和生物。We also have some other interesting subjects: Music, Fine Arts, Physical Education,etc. 我们还有一些其它的有趣的课程：音乐、美术、体育等等。We have one weekly meeti

18、ng on Monday afternoon. 周一我们有一节班会。The head teacher of our class is Mr.Zhang. 我们的班主任是张老师。You must be polite and say hi to them when you see the teacher.见到老师要礼貌，要问好。When you come into our school, you must speak Putonghua.一进学校，你就要讲普通话。The Chinese lessons are very important 。语文课对于我们来说相当重要。We should stud

19、y it more carefully than before.我们要比以前更加认真地学习。If you study Chinese it s very easy, but if you don t it s very hard. 对 于汉语，你学它就不难，你不学它就显得挺难。Chinese is our native language,we must learn it well.汉语是我们的母语，我们必须把它学好。This is our first Chinese class of this term.这是我们本学期第一节语文课。We re going to learn Lesson One

20、 (the first Lesson).我们要学习第一课。Don t make any noise in class,or you may trouble the others.课上不要喧哗，那会影响别人。Open your text-books to Page 10.打开课本第 10 页。This text is written by Mr.Luxun.the great man in our Chinese modernliterature history. 本文由我国现代文学史上伟大的文学家鲁迅先生的作品。Listen to me carefully,let me tell you st

21、h about the writer.请认真听我为大家介绍一些作者的情况。You may write down sth important and special on your notes.你们可以在自己的笔记本上记录一些较为重要和特殊的内容。First ,let me read the text aloud .首先让我为大家朗读本文。Put the text-books on your desk, please.请把你的课本放在书桌上。Please read it follow me quietly(lowly).你们可以轻声跟读。Read the text to yourselves.

22、默读本文。Stop here for a while, please.暂停一会儿。Take your text-books. 用手端起课本来。Pay attention to them when they read the second paragraph.他们读第二段时，注意听。Read more distinctly(Speak more clearly), please.请读清楚一点。Would you speak in a little loud (in a slow)voice(louder,please).你能大一点声音吗？Speak in a little low voice,

23、please.声音低一点。Your voice(timbre, tone) sounds sweet.你的声音很好听。Read louder and slowly so that everybody can hear you.读得声音大一点、慢一点，让大家都能听清楚。Now, you may read it in class .现在，你们可以课堂上阅读本文。I ask you to read it fluently and clearly as soon as possible. 我要求大家尽 量流畅、清晰地阅读本文。About the key sentences, I ask you to

24、study not only the meaning of the words,but also (them)in the line.就这些重点语句，我要求大家有仅了解字面，还要注意字里行间的深意。You may ask me if you have any questions. 有问题可以问我。I ll give you explanations as many as possible(I can). 我会尽多地为大家解 释。And then, I m going to ask you sth simple about it.然后，我会问你们一些较为简单的有关情况。Where did we

25、stop(learn) off last time(how far did we get last time)?上一次我们学到什么地方了？Let me remind you of what we have learned last period (refresh your memory last time we talked about). 让我提醒你一下，关于上节课所学的内容。Do you know the general mind (main meaning)of the article?你知道这篇文章的中心意思吗？Say sth about what you have learned f

26、rom the hero 。谈谈关于这个英雄的启示。You mustn t make faces in class. 上课不要做鬼脸，出洋相。Please keep quiet when some other students make mistakes.持安静。Let s take turns to read 。让我们轮流来读。Who can read it aloud first ? 哪位能先朗读？Hands up,please. 请举手示意我。Don t worry(calm down,slow down). 不必紧张。Speak up,please. 请大声说。Stand straig

27、ht,please. 站直些。同学出错时，你要保黑板You re right(well done ). 很不错。Let s read the text aloud together.Now let s begin. 开始！It握。We have three study tasks to do this class.The first is the background and the writer .Next,the thought and the writing methods .ll take us two periods to grasp(master) these.Then,the n

28、ew words and the sentence strctures .卜面，全体齐读。这些需要我们两课时才能掌本课时，我们有三个学习任务。首先是本文的背景和作者情况。然后是它的思想内容和写法。最后是本文中的生词和一些句The blackboard is too high for me, I only can write so few words on it. 太高了，我只能写这么多。What s more(what else), the feelings and the lauguage style of the text.还有，本文的感情和语言风格。We may analyse the

29、title of the text together. 我们可以一起分析一下本文的题 目。Now let s speak freely. 现在请大家畅所欲言。That s all(so much) for the class .Time s up. 下课时间已到，本课时就讲这么 多。After class,you re to read the text again. 课后，大家还得再读一会儿。And you ought to hand in the homework in time.大家要及时上交作业。t,we ll do anLet s take a break, see you later

30、,everyone. 休息一会儿，同学们，再见。According to the study demand (require) and our arrangemen action. 根据学习需要和安排，我们要搞一项活动。From now on, at the beginning of every Chinese class, we ll ask someone todo the oral composition. 从现在开始，在每堂语文课上课之始，我们请同学们做口头作Do you understand what I said just now ?大家明白我刚才说的意思吗？Now, you ma

31、y make preparations for it in ten minutes.现在，大家可以准备十分钟。The lecture will begin in a minute, let s get ready. 演讲稍候就要开始，准备一下。Whose turn is it today ? 轮到谁了？Are you ready now? 准备好了吗？Please do it in front of the blackboard.请到黑板前来做这个练习。Let s give him (her) a warm welcome(clap). 让我们用掌声欢迎他(她)。Please write do

32、wn your title of oral composition on the right of the blackboard. 请把你的作文题目写在黑板右面。Thanks for father s love. 感谢父爱。The first unforgetable cut class.难忘那第一次逃学。You d better do it without dr aft. 最好不要带稿。Good job! You have done it with some grace, but your content isn much(enough). 做得不错，大方自然，只是内容偏少。Just now

33、 our classmate Zhang Ming gave us a lecture, I think it is well done, I d like to ask for some students opinion on it. 刚才我们的同学张明给我 们做了一次演讲，我认为他做得很不错，我想听一听一些同学对它的意见。How do you think of his lecture?你觉得他的演讲怎么样？Because of our learning of text last period, we didn t invite someone todo the lecture, at th

34、e begining of the class,we ll ask our two classmates todo it, who is the first? 上节课因为课文学习的缘故，我们没有请同学做演讲，这节课之初，我们要请两个同学做这个练习，哪位是第一位同学？Next class, we re going to learn Lesson Five. 下节课，我们要学习第五课。I ask you to make preparations for it before class. 我要求大家课前做好一定 准备。You gotta(have got to) learn the paragrgh

35、s 46 by heart.4 6 段。Can you recite them now? 现在能背诵过吗？Please try to do it as well as you can.尽量做好。Wonderful very goodgoodnot badterribleawful.不错，糟了，很不理想。Now I m sorry I m late. 对不起，我来晚了。How foggy it is this morning!今早晨雾迷漫。Sth was wrong with my autocycle on my way to school just now. 在路上坏了。大家还要背诵第好极了，

36、很好，好，刚才我的摩托车我的摩托车现在放在第三个车棚里。My autocycle is in the third bicycle-shed.Let s continue the text. 让我们继续学习这篇课文。What s the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样？Great day today, isn t it ? 今天天不错，是吧？O今天阴雨天,It s cloudy and rainy today,It has been very cold these days 这几天都挺冷。Put on more clothes before you go out. 出门的

37、时候多穿点衣服。And you ought to cover yourself well with quilt while sleeping. 睡觉的时候， 盖好被子。Open the window,please,It s qu ite airless(the air is not fresh) here.打开窗户，这里太闷了，一点也不通风。Please shut the door, It s very cold today. 今天天气真冷，请关上门，好吗？How foggy it is (what a foggy day it is) now!今天雾可真大啊！It s getting chi

38、lly(hot, cool ， warm). 天要变得寒冷(炎热，冷爽，温暖)。According to the weather report(forecast),it s going to rain(snow, clear).根据天气预报，天要下雨(下雪，放晴)。Are you going to take your umbrella to the concert.你要拿雨伞去音乐会吗？you d better take your raincoat with you ,it looks like rain.你最好拿着雨衣，天要下雨。The weather changed suddenly, m

39、any of us caught cold.天气突变，一些人感冒了。It s said that you were ill yesterday , is it true ?据说你昨天病了，真的吗？Let me feel your forehead. 让我摸摸你的额头。How are you feeling now? 现在你怎么样？It doesn t matter (amount to) very much. 没什么大不了的。Does your classroom have central heating?你们教室有暖气吗？You d better boil some vinegar. 你们最

40、好熬一些醋Get well soon. 祝你尽快康复。I have used up all of the chalk, would you fetch.some more from the office?粉笔用完了，你到办公室拿回一些来，可以吗？Please pass (bring) me the red chalk.请给我拿来红色粉笔。I ve used up my ink(toothpaste,paper).我的墨水(牙膏，纸张)用完了。We re all out of money. 我们的钱用完了。A dictionary is of great use to students lear

41、ning a foreign language.对于学外语的学生，字典是很有用处的。Will you please fetch me my dictionary? 能给我拿过我的词典吗？You re welcome to use my dictionary. 你当然可以用我的词典。Some of you look like sleepy now,they seem to be tired.有些人显得很疲劳，好象挺累了。You re allowed to have some drink in the evening.class 晚上上课时，大家可以喝水。O我注意到有些同学课上。我想你可能是昨天没

42、有休息好。现在你可以休息三分钟。然后，大家都要振作精During the class, I notice some of you looks sleepy 精神不振。I don t think you had a good rest yesterdayNow you are allowed to take a three-miunte catnap.And then,all of you must be in good (high) spirits.神。This class will be ove r in a moment, now let s take a nap(break ,catna

43、p). 本课时将近结束，大家可以休息一会儿。But you know(should understand), this doesn t mean that you can take a rest in class freely. 但是你得明白，这不是说你可以上课时随便休息。Could I have your attention? 请注意了。Don t fidget sth(about ). 不要搞小动作。Please give the main idea(meaning) of each paragraph.请给出这段的主要意 思。What strikes you most in the le

44、sson?这节课给你印象最深的是什么？We ll look at some difficult points in this text. 我们要看一下这篇课文的难 点。I ll give you some homework to do, everyone ofyou must do it well,ok? 我给大家布置一些作业，大家能够尽力做好吗？Do you like the pop music? Whose music do you like?你喜欢流行音乐吗？喜欢谁的音乐？Now let s enjoy the tape of a famous popular singer Miss T

45、ianzhen.现在欣赏一下在大歌星田震的磁带。You needn t erase the backboard after class. 课下你不必擦黑板。It s impolite to mutter to one another in class.上课交头接耳不礼貌。Some day next week, some leaders and teachers will attend (be here to see)our Chinese class, we d better make preparations for it. 下周，一些领导和老师要 来听课，我们还是略做一点准备。Excuse

46、 me, from yesterday on, sth has been wrong with my throat.请原谅，从昨天起，我的咽喉痛得很厉害。Now I can t say anything in this class. 这节课，我几乎什么也不能讲。I ll write two study tasks on the blackboard.我在黑板上给大家写上两个学习任务。I hope you can do it well by yourselves.我希望大家能自己做好。You may discuss (have a discussion about sth) in groups(

47、with you classmates,in pairs). 你也可以分组讨论。And you may look through the new articleLesson Ten.你可以浏览新课第十课。Please read the notes to the text in class again.你可以课堂上再看看注释。Let s re ad the exercise of the text, look at exercise .No.2.看看课文的练习，第二题。We have two Chinese classes this afternoon, let s practise writi

48、ng acomposition. 今天下午有两节语文课，我们练习一篇作文。We ll put down ( stop, won t practise ) the oral composition this period.这节课我们不做口头作文。There re several titles of the composition on the blackboard,黑板上有好几个作文题目。Write a composition of about 200 words on one of these subjects(titles).就其中一个题目，写一篇200 字的作文。You may choos

49、e one of them to write. 你可以选其中一个进行练习。You gotta(be going to) pay attention to the requests(demand).大家一定要注意这些要求。I think you ought to finish it in two classes(it ll take you two classesto ). 我认为大家用两节课可以写完它。Everyone of you must hand it in at the end of the next class 。每个同学在下 节课结束时都要上交这份作业。This assignmen

50、t will take us two hours to finish it.这项工作需要我们两个小时才能完成。Section monitor of Chinese, collect all the compositions and take them tomy office , please. 语文科代表，你要收上全部作文，把它们放在我的办公桌上。She is good at handwriting(her handwriting is good).她的字写得不错。We ll have our final exam of this term next Tuesday.下周二我们要举行期末考试。

51、From this class on, we stop our practice of oral lecture temporarily.从这节课开始，我们暂停口语训练。It s Friday today, we have five days left今天星期五，我们还剩五天。I hope all of you can pass the exam.我希望每位同学都能通过考试。We re the best,we can beat the other classes. 我们可以胜过所有班级。You had better go over these ancient Chinese units.大家最

52、好复习一下文言文单元。You may listen to the tapes of them quickly.大家可以较快地听一听这些文章的磁带。And first, let me analyse our double-bases exercise-books.首先，我们一起分析一些双基练习。You may look through the notes and other study materials.大家看一下笔记和相关资料。我们要We gotta(have got to) review these ancient articles we have learnt. 把学过的文言文内容复习好

53、。We ll get ready for the final exam. 我们要为这场期末考试做准备。Now, our examination paper has been made up. 现在，我们已经完成了试卷出题。These content is in our four revision books: text-book,exercise-book,andour other two study materials. 考试内容就在我们四本书里：课本、练习和其它两本学习资料。I ll introduce them to you if you re int erested in . 如果大家

54、感兴趣，我就 为大家介绍一下这些材料。He spent two hours in going over the old lesson.为复习旧课，他用了两个小时。He spent a lot of money on literature books.他花了不少钱，用于买文学书籍。This class, I ll promote a monitor,and you may take a election for it.这节课，我想提拔一名班长，大家可以选举。Do you understand(is it understood)?大家明白吗Everyone,you re doing a great

55、 job. 大家都干得不错。Don t cry over spilt milk. 不要过于计较。Let s give the classroom a good cleaning. 让我们打扫一下教室卫生。Would you just look at the place? 怎么打扫的卫生？Why don t we clean our classroom first? 先打扫教室吧？What shall we take care of next? 还干什么？Take these chairs out of the room. 把这些椅子拿出房间。Take these charts off the

56、wall.把这些图画从墙上取下来。Why don t we just straighten up a bit? 我们最后再收拾一下吧？Who s the student (with)wearing glasses ? 戴眼镜的那位同学叫什么名字？Her name is on the tip of my tongue.我一时记不起她的名字了。I knocked at the office door many times just now.我刚才敲了多次办公室的门。What s the emergency? 什么急事？Xiao Zhany is badly ill now, we must sen

57、d for a doctor at once.小张正病得厉害，我们要赶紧送他到医院。Is there a doctor in the school?学校里有医生吗？Somebody call an ambulence.911. 快打救急电话号码911 。What s eating you(what s wrong with you)? 你到底怎么不舒服？The doctor told me to take the cold medicine three times a day. 医生告诉我 服用感冒药一天三次。My classmate Zhangming got into a fight ye

58、sterday. 同学张明昨天打架了You are injured. 你受伤了。Freeze, don t make him to lose too much blood. 别乱来，不要让他失血太多，Tell him not to worry about it告诉他，别为这事着急。 .Out of the way(get out). 离开这里。I m just playing around with you(joking around with you,no fooling).我给你开玩笑。Your cause is still unclear.你的事还不很明白。上课 (Beginning a

59、 class)Let s start now. / Let s begin our class / lesson .Stand up, please.Sit down, please.问候 (Greeting)Hello, boys and girls / children .Good morning, class / everyone / everybody / children / boys and girls.Good afternoon, class / everyone / everybody / children / boys and girls.How are you today

60、?考勤 (Checking attendance)Who s on duty today? / Who s helping this morning / today?Is everyone / everybody here / present?Is anyone away? / Is anybody away?Is anyone absent? / Is anybody absent?Who s absent? / Who s away?Where is he / she?Try to be on time. / Don t be late next time.Go back to your