2011年职称英语等级考试卫生类C级真题阅读文章翻译2015年职称英语真题备考

1、2011年职称英语等级考试真题（卫生类C级） HYPERLINK http:/www.study/kecheng/english/zhicheng/ 2015年职称英语真题备考 HYPERLINK http:/www.study/kecheng/english/zhicheng/ 学派网职称英语团队原创翻译第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Are You Getting Enough Sleep?What

2、 happens if you dont get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school student in the United States, wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes. Thats

3、eleven days and nights without sleep!What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner started having trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry（模糊）. By the third day, he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fo

4、urth day, Gardner was hallucinating（产生幻觉）. For example, when he saw a street sign, he thought it was a person. He also imagined he was a famous football player. Over the next few days, Gardners speech became so slurred（不清楚）that people couldnt understand him. He also had trouble remembering things. B

5、y the eleventh day, Gardner couldnt pass a counting test. In the middle of the test he simply stopped counting. He couldnt remember what he was doing.When Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes. The second night he slept for twelve hours, the third night he slept for ten a

6、nd one-half hours, and by the fourth night, he had returned to his normal sleep schedule.Even though Gardner recovered quickly, scientists believe that going without sleep can be dangerous. They say that people should not repeat Randys experiment. Tests on white rats have shown how serious sleepless

7、ness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the rats started losing their fur（皮毛）. And even though the rats ate more food than usual, they lost weight. Eventually the rats died.During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping. But why? What is the purpose of sleep? Surprisin

8、gly, scientists dont know for sure. Some scientists think we sleep in order to replenish（补充）brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helps the body to grow and to relieve stress. Whatever the reason, we know that it is important to get enough sleep.你睡眠充足吗如果你的睡眠不充足会发生什么？美国一名叫Randy Gardner的高中生想找

9、出答案。他为学校的一个科学项目设计了一个实验，来研究失眠的效果。由医生仔细看守，Gardner保持清醒时间长达264小时12分钟小时。也就是整整11天没有睡觉。不睡觉对Gardner有什么影响？24小时没睡觉的之后，Gardner读书看电视有困难。声音和画面很模糊。到第三天的时候，他用手做事情有困难。到第四天的时候，Gardner开始产生幻觉。比如，当他看见一个路标的时候，他以为那是个人。他还想象着自己是个有名的足球运动员。在接下来的几天里，Gardner说话变得不清楚，人们无法理解他。他记忆也有困难。到第十一天的时候，Gardner无法通过一个数数测试。在测试的过程中，他停下数数。他不记得自

10、己在做些什么。当Gardner最终上床睡觉的时候，他睡了14小时45分钟。第二天他睡了12个小时，第三天他睡了10.5个小时，到第四天的时候，他回到正常的睡眠时间。即使Gardner恢复的很快，科学家认为长时间不睡觉会很危险。他们说人们不能再重复Randy做的实验。对白鼠的实验显示严重的睡眠不足会有多严重的后果。在几周没有睡觉之后，老鼠开始脱掉皮毛。即使老鼠吃的比平时多，它们还是会体重下降。最终死去。在你的一生中，你大概会花25年甚至更多时间用来睡觉。但是为什么呢？睡觉的目的是什么呢？令人惊讶的是，科学家并不肯定。有些科学家认为我们睡觉时为了补充大脑细胞。另外一些科学家认为睡觉帮助身体成长并缓

11、解压力。不管原因是什么，我们都知道睡眠充足很重要。第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。The Meaning of Dreams1Dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly interpreted, we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we lo

12、ok at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.2I can see their laughing faces . laughing at me. But they arent as smart. If they were, theyd be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative connotations（涵义）. On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desi

13、re to travel and get away from everyday routine. It can also be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent an inferiority complex（自卑情结）, which the dreamer at

14、tempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.3Im moving fast now, but its still behind me. Doesnt matter how fast I go, I still cant escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality（生命力）like the first one, it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from da

15、nger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stumble（蹒跚）or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes the fear even more terrifying（恐怖的）. One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressure in

16、their everyday life.4Im sweating and my heart is beating. Im trapped in my own bed. In this dream, the person is often standing on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower, or on the edge of a cliff. The overwhelming（强烈的）feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of control. There is nothing

17、to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifyingly (（恐怖地）real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous relief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death.5The

18、 wind is pushing me and I slip. Theres nothing I can do nothing I can hold on to. This symbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape, they become mor

19、e and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent context for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something which you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated phobia（恐惧）of losing a job and a liv

20、elihood.做梦的意义做梦在我们的生活在扮演着重要的角色。如果梦能被正确的解析，我们就能更好的了解自己了。在这里，我们看看四个普通的梦，以及他们可能代表着什么。我看到他们的笑脸对着我笑。但是他们不是那么聪明。如果他们聪明的话，他们会在上面和我一起飞翔。这个梦既有积极涵义，又有消极涵义。积极的一面是，这个梦可能表达了一种去旅游并且摆脱每天的日常生活的强烈愿望。它也可以被理解为想取得成就的强烈愿望。另一方面，这个梦可能意味着做梦人有什么问题或者是在害怕什么，并且想逃跑。这个梦代表着一种自卑情结，做梦人让自己所处的位置比其他人高，从而试图逃离。我现在跑得很快，但是它仍在我身后。无论我跑得多快，我

21、仍然无法逃跑。尽管这和第一个梦一样，是健康和生命力的传统象征，它也暗示着做梦者正试图摆脱危险。通常，恐惧情绪占主导。通过快速奔跑，做梦者可能会摆脱威胁。然而，他们也可能蹒跚或者更糟的是整个停止移动。这个让恐惧更加恐怖。一个可能的解释是这个人在日常生活中面临压力。我在冒汗，我的心在跳动。我被困在自己的床上。在这个梦里，做梦者通常站在一个很高的暴露的地方，比如塔顶，或者悬崖边缘。这种强烈的感觉通常从焦虑变为失去控制。没有什么能阻止这个人，而且那种在悬崖边走动的感觉真实得让人恐怖。幸运的是，正当要掉到地面的时候，做梦者醒来了，感到一种巨大的解脱。这个梦暗示做梦者害怕失去控制，并且害怕失败甚至死亡。风

22、在使劲吹着我，我滑倒了。我什么也做不了没有什么能让我抓住。这个梦跟恐惧相关：突然做梦者失去了所有动弹的力量。他们努力想移动手臂或者胳膊，但是就是不行。在一个令人恐怖的情形里被冻结，无法逃跑，随着时间一秒秒推移，他们会变得越来越恐惧。这个梦另外一个常有的背景是做梦者在公众场合未来完成什么事情，常常是他们正常情况下很擅长的事情，比如你的工作。这个不仅让人极其尴尬，它还暗示着对失去工作以及生计的一种深深的恐惧。第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Sprained（扭伤）AnkleOne of the

23、most common injuries teenagers and adults experience is a sprained ankle. A sprain occurs when the ligaments（韧带）of a joint are twisted（扭伤）and possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. A sprain can occur from a sudden twisting at the joint, or a stretchi

24、ng or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured area usually swells（肿胀）and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrong angle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on the ground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you cannot walk w

25、ithout experiencing intense pain, you must seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words to help you remember how to treat yourself:As soon as there is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding under the skin. Once the blood pools arou

26、nd the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. The pressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region. In order to reduce the degree of swelling, lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated so that it is actually higher than your heart. Next, to reduce

27、blood distribution and keep bleeding to a minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour and then reapply. This can be done several times a day for a total of three days.Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature in tha

28、t area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise the body temperature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers more blood distribution to the affected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the ankle. Be careful not to wind it too tightly; do

29、ing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot.扭伤的脚踝青少年以及成年人最常见的受伤是脚踝扭伤。当关节的韧带扭伤或者是撕裂的时候会发生扭伤。韧带是将关节处的骨头控制在一定位置的一团纤维。突然扭曲关节或者拉伸或者是撕开韧带处的纤维会出现扭伤。受伤的部分通常会肿胀，变成了乌黑色。在人行道上走路角度不对，或者是在走路或者跑步的时候将脚踏进洞里，你的脚踝会像着火一样，疼得在地上打滚。如果你走路的时候会有剧烈疼痛，你必须去看医生。如果疼痛可以忍受，你能走路，这里有三个词帮助你记住如何治疗。抬高冷敷打绷带一旦韧带受伤，皮肤

30、下面会有一定量的出血。一旦血液在受伤的血管聚集，就会发生肿胀。肿胀部分的压力会导致受伤区域有更多的压力和压痛感。为了减少肿胀程度，尽快躺下来，抬高脚踝，这样脚踝就比你的心脏位置高。下一步，为了减少血液分布，将出血降到最少，敷上一个冰袋。20分钟之后，把冰袋拿掉，等半小时之后，再敷上。就这样每天敷几次，连续敷三天。敷冰袋一次不要超过20分钟。长时间的将身体的那个部分降温会给身体发出信号，增加血液流动来给身体升温。所以冰袋敷太久会意外引起肿胀部分更多的血液分布。最后，给脚踝上绷带。注意别缠绕的太紧，绷带可以限制血液流通，避免对整个脚部造成伤害。31A sprain is caused byAblo

31、od vessels being hurt in the foot.Bconstantly changing body temperature.Cligament fibers of a joint being twisted.Delevating ones ankle.32The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due toApressing ones ankle.Ba tight bandage.Capplying a cold pack.Dbleeding under the skin.33The word “it” in paragraph

32、2 (line 5) refers toAinjury.Bpressure.Cankle.Dswelling.34Once the initial cold pack is removed, what is to be done?AWait 30 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 20 minutes.BBegin bandaging the ankle.CKeep the ankle in a position lower than your heart.DWait 20 minutes and then reapply the ice pa

33、ck for 30 minutes.35The main idea of the passage is to explainAhow a sprain occurs.Bhow to treat a sprained ankle.Chow to bandage an injured foot.Dhow to reduce the temperature of a wounded area.第二篇Attitudes to AIDS NowMost people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS, but they dont k

34、now theres no cure and strongly disagree that “the AIDS epidemic（流行）is over,” a new survey finds.The findings, released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation, reassure activists who have worried that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of recent news about advances in treatment and

35、 declines in deaths.“While people are very optimistic about the advances, theyre still realistic about the fact that there is no cure”, says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the foundation.The Kaiser survey, like a recent USA TODAY Gallup Poll（民意测验）, does find that the number of people rank

36、ing AIDS as the countrys top health problem has fallen. In the Kaiser poll, 38% say its the top concern, down from 44% in a 1996 poll; in the Gallup Poll, 29% say AIDS is No. 1, down from 41 % in 1992 and 67% in 1987.Other findings from Kaiser, which polled more than 1.200 adults in September and Oc

37、tober and asked additional questions of another 1.000 adults in Novembers:52% say the country is making progress against AIDS, up from 32% in 1995.51% say the government spends too little on AIDS.86% correctly say AIDS drugs can now lengthen lives; an equal number correctly say that the drugs are no

38、t cures.67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past year; 24% know deaths fell.Daniel Zingale, director of AIDS Action Council, says, “Im encouraged that the American people are getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isnt over. I hope the decision-makers in Wash

39、ington are getting the same message. We have seen signs of complacency（得意）.”对待艾滋病的最新态度大多数人认为美国在抵抗艾滋病方面取得了进步，但是他们不知道一个新的调查表明：人们认为艾滋病不能被治愈，而且强烈反对“艾滋病不在流行”的说法。这个由凯撒家庭基金会发布的发现使那些积极参与抗艾滋病活动的人打消了疑惑。在这之前，他们担心有关医疗技术进步和死亡率降低的报道会使公众不再关注艾滋病问题。及今后HIV计划的负责人索菲亚张说：“当人们为医疗技术的发展感到乐观的同时，也该意识到艾滋病无法治愈这一事实。”凯撒调查就像一个最新的今

40、日美国民意测验，它显示出把艾滋病当做全国首要的健康问题的人数已经下降。在凯撒民意测验中，38%的人认为它是人们最关注的问题，低于1996年调查的44%；29%的人认为艾滋病是头号令人头疼的疾病，低于1992年的41%和1997年的67%。凯撒调查还有其他的发现，在9月和10月对1200个成年人的民意测验和11月份对1000个成年人的民意测验得出的结果如下：52%的人认为国家在抗艾滋病方面取得了进展，高于1995年的32%。51%的人认为政府在艾滋病研究方面的投资太少。86%的人认为现在治疗艾滋病的药物可以延长寿命；同样多的人认为这些药物不能治愈艾滋病，这是正确的。67%的人错误地认为在过去的一

41、年里艾滋病死亡人数有所增长或者保持不变；24%的人知道艾滋病死亡人数减少了。艾滋病行动委员会负责人，丹尼尔金盖尔说：“美国人民正逐渐意识到艾滋病灾难并非结束，对此我深受鼓舞。我希望华盛顿的决策者也同样认识到这一点但我们看到了自满的表现。”36Most people in the USA believe thatAadvances have been made in treating AIDS.BAIDS is no longer an epidemic.CAIDS is killing more people than before.Dthere is still no cure for AI

42、DS.37Before the findings released by the Kaiser Family Foundation, activists worried thatAthe Americans might not concern about AIDS any more.Bthe government is too optimistic about the cure of AIDS.Cthe deaths caused by AIDS may increase.Dscientists may not find cures for AIDS.38The results of the

43、Kaiser survey and those of Gallup Poll areAsimilar.Bdifferent.Cboth wrong.Dboth unrealistic.39More than 50% people in the Kaiser poll agree thatAadvances in AIDS treatment are too slow.BAIDS is their top concern.Cthe country spends too little on AIDS.DAIDS deaths fell sharply.40The word “message” in

44、 the last paragraph meansAnews.Breport.Cpoint.Dresult.第三篇How to Be a Successful BusinesspersonHave you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not? Heres a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 restaurants.Zubai

45、r Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane.At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane in

46、dustry in California. Instead, he ended up working for a company that rented cars.While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental（租赁的）company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as a cooks assistant. His job w

47、as to clean the kitchen and help the cook. “I didnt like it,” Mr. Kazi says, “but I always did the best I could.”One day, Mr. Kazis two coworkers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few mont

48、hs later, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside and the food was terrible.

49、Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of the building, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to pleas

50、e the customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he eared, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. Aga

51、in, he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too.Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isnt planning to stop there. Hes looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy, “I love it when I go to buy a restaurant an

52、d find its a mess,” Mr. Kazi says. “The only way it can go is up.”如何成为一个成功的商人你有没有想知道为什么有些人做生意成功而有些人不行呢？这里有一个故事，是关于一个成功商人的。他从开始洗盘子到今天拥有168家餐馆。祖贝尔卡齐出生于巴特卡尔，位于印度西南的一个小镇。他的梦想是成为一个飞行员。他16岁的时候学会了驾驶小型飞机。卡齐23岁的时候，带着口袋里的一点钱，搬到了美国。他希望能在加利福利亚的飞机工业谋得一份工作。然而，他最终是为一家汽车租赁公司工作。卡齐在汽车租赁公司工作的时候，经常去附近的一家肯德基餐馆吃饭。为了省钱，他决

53、定在肯德基找一份工作。他当了两月的厨师助手。他的工作是清洗鸡肉，给厨师帮忙。“我不喜欢那份工作”，卡齐说，“但是我总是尽力做到最好”。一天，卡齐的两个同事没来上班。那天，卡齐把厨房三个人的工作都拿下来了，这给店主留下了深刻印象。几个月之后，店主另外一个新餐馆需要一个经理。他们把这份工作交给了卡齐。作为餐馆经理，他工作很卖力，很快，这家餐馆开始盈利了。几年之后，卡齐听说有一家餐馆在亏本。这家餐馆里面很脏，食物也很难吃。卡齐从银行借钱买下了这家餐馆。在前六个月，卡齐每周七天从上午八点到晚上十点都在餐馆工作。卡齐和他妻子把餐馆打扫干净，把餐馆外面的建筑重新改造了一下，也改进了烹饪。他们也极力让顾客满

54、意。如果有顾客等餐时间超过十分钟，卡齐会免费赠送汽水。不久之后，这家餐馆开始盈利了。一年之后，卡齐把这家餐馆以一定利润卖掉。他用他赚的钱，买了三家在亏本的餐馆。他再次把餐馆打扫干净，改善食物，重新培训员工。不久之后，这三家餐厅也开始盈利了。现在卡齐已经有168家餐馆，但他并不打算就此止步。他还在寻找购买更多经营不善的餐馆。“当我进去一个餐馆的时候，发现里面一团糟，我就很高兴”，卡齐说，“它唯一的道路是往上走”。41When Mr. Kazi was young, his dream was toAsell cars.Bown a restaurant.Cbecome a good cook.D

55、be an airplane pilot.42Mr. Kazi decided to work with KFC toAlearn how to run a restaurant.Bsave money for a car.Csave money on food.Dlearn how to cook.43Mr. Kazi became the manager of a new restaurant becauseAhis co-workers praised him.Bhe was a good cook.Che worked very hard.Dhe knew how to run a r

56、estaurant.44To save a failing restaurant, Mr. Kazi did all the following things, EXCEPT toAclean it up.Bimprove the food.Dretrain the employees.Cadvertise for it.45In the last paragraph, “its a mess” meansAits small.Bits profitable.Cits dirty.Dits cheap.第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子

57、，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。Some Unusual CelebrationsSome holidays are well-known all around the world. Among them are New Years Eve celebrations. Also common are days in honor of love and friendship, like Valentines Day. Each country has its own special holidays, too, often to mark importan

58、t events in its history. Schools, banks, and government offices all close on days like these. Some of the days people celebrate, however are less serious. (46) A few of them are really very strange.Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrat

59、ions have long traditions. Consider April Fools Day, for example. No one knows when or why it began. Today it is celebrated in many countriesFrance, England, and Australia among others. On this day, people play practical jokes. Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone lau

60、gh.(47) The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange, too. On this day, it is traditional for boys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part: They do it