内容说明分析lecture01.intro

1、英语笔译 广东外语外贸大学Introduction of the Course + Translation Theories Lecture #1Communications /686713 Sina weibo: harrycui2011Facebook: Hua CuiTwitter: cuihua2012Things youve got to know about the courseWhat are we going to learn?How are you going to be assessed?How can we improve our translation?Objectiv

2、esThis course introduces to students basic theories and skills of translation from English to Chinese. Both classroom lectures and after-class practices will reveal similarities and differences between the two languages and serve to enhance students expression. A translation speed of 350-word-per-ho

3、ur is specified in the course. Course contentsTranslation theory: some general principles, criteria of translation, literal and liberal translation (or domestication and foreignization),Translation techniques: word choice, addition, omission, conversion, extension, shifts of perspectives and transla

4、tion of English complex clausesTextuality in translationTranslation of TEM8 tasksTextbooks 李明主编英汉互动翻译教程武汉大学出版社，2006。自选散页材料。古今明.英汉翻译基础.上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997。Books and journals mended吕叔湘译文三种，外研社，1992。杨必译，名利场，人民文学出版社。陈文伯，教你如何掌握汉译英技巧，世界知识出版社，1999。钱歌川，翻译的技巧，商务印书馆，1981。 英语世界张培基 译著，外教社英译中国现代散文选（一/二/三）上海外语教育出版社

5、毛荣贵，新世纪大学英汉/汉英翻译教程：上海交大出版社，2004. Assessment Usual Performance 平时成绩（50%）Class attendance 出勤率（10%）In-class performance 课堂表现（10%）Portfolio 平时练习（10%）Assignments 作业（20%）Final exam 期末考试（50%）How can we improve our translation?Requirements of a competent translator?Bilingual competenceA good mastery of Engl

6、ish A good mastery of ChineseBicultural competenceEncyclopedic knowledgeA Sense of ResponsibilityA Keen InsightPolitical correctness Good Mastery of EnglishDo you have a family?Her mother died of difficult labor.你有孩子吗？她的妈妈死于难产。Good Mastery of Chinese陈先生乃中国学界泰斗，他的那本书似为汉语修辞学研究的嚆矢。在旧中国，小人当道，瓦釜雷鸣的情形屡见不鲜

7、。女人品男人用的不是眼而是心眼儿。嚆矢: 响箭射出后，声音先到而箭后至，喻发生在先的事物或事物的开端。瓦釜雷鸣: 瓦锅发出很大的声响,比喻庸人煊赫一时。-楚辞卜居:“黄钟毁弃,瓦釜雷鸣。”A woman doesnt size up a man with her eyes but her sensitive understanding.Bicultural CompetenceBeing a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe. 我们绍生可用功了，还是两道杠呢，年年考试得奖状。当一名

8、教师就是在见证上帝如何创造人类，如何让毫无生命的泥做的人开始了生命的呼吸。Our Shaosheng studies very hard, and he wears two dashes. He gets a certificate of merit every year.* Note: Two dashes is one of the three signs indicating a leader in the Young Pioneer, an organization for superior students at primary school.Introduction of Tran

9、slation- Basic Concepts and ConcernsDefining Translation Translating is the art of posing a work in another language without losing its original flavor. Columbia EncyclopediaTranslation is an art that involves the recreation of a work in another language for readers with a different background. Malc

10、olm CowleyTranslating is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). J. C. CatfordTranslating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meanin

11、g and secondly in terms of style. Eugene A. Nida(Translating) is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended the text. Peter NewmarkPlease press the faucet/tap for water. Get civilized for/to e/embrace the Asian Games.Get ready for the Asian Games.Translation

12、 an easy task?no task more complex than translation a claim that can be readily believed when all the variables involved are taken into account. know their source language wellhave a thorough understanding of the field of knowledge covered by the source text, and of any social, cultural, or emotiona

13、l connotations that need to be specified in the target language if the intended effect is to be conveyed. The same special awareness needs to be present for the target language, so that points of special phrasing, local (e. g. regional) expectations, and so on, can all be taken into account.Criteria

14、 of Translation (1) 译事三难:信、达、雅。求其信，已大难矣!顾信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达尚焉译文取明深义，故词句之间，时有所颠倒附益、不斤斤于字比句次，而意义则不倍本文至原文辞理本深，难于共喻，则当前后引衬，以显其意。凡此经营，皆以为达；为达，即所以为信也。易曰:“修辞立诚”。子曰:“辞达而已！”又曰:“言之无文，行之不远。”三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。故信、达而外，求其尔雅 -严复:译例言翻译化境说 - 钱钟书：“文学的最高标准是化”，“把一种作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出“生硬牵强”的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得入于“化

15、境”。 “就等于投胎转世”，“译本对原作应该忠实得以至于读起来不象译本”。 翻译神似说“文学翻译所求的不在形似而在神似”。 傅雷“一个画家先把捉到客观人物的形状、轮廓、神态，然后运用甚大的匠心把它表现在画面上，翻译家也是先把捉原作的思想、感情、风格、神韵，然后运用同样的匠心把它表现为另一种语文。” 唐人泰特勒(Tytler)的标准the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容翻译应该完全再现原作的思想the style and manner o

16、f writing should be of the same character with that of the original.译文的风格、笔调应与原文的性质相同译文的写作风格和行文方式应该同原文如出一辙译文应象原文一样流畅自然译文读来应该同原作一样如行云流水the translation should have all the ease of the original composition.Criteria for our translation? 忠实 faithfulness通顺 smoothness适切 closeness, appropriatenessExamples o

17、f Good Translation (1)A good style should show no sign of effort. What is written should seem a happy accident.好的风格不应露出努力的痕迹，写下来的东西应像是纯属偶然的。好的风格不应露出斧凿的痕迹，写出来的东西应像是信手拈来的。Examples of Good Translation (2)Dont cough more than you can help.能不咳，就不咳。Nothing except a battle lost can be half so melancholy as

18、 a battle won. Duke of Wellington都道战败苦，谁知战胜惨。-许渊冲Literal translation vs. Liberal translation 直译：在基本保持原文的语言形式(词语、句子结构、修辞手法等)的同时，完整而准确地把意思表达出来，且译文流利晓畅。直译是不同于硬译、死译的重要翻译方法之一。意译：为了完整而准确地把意思表达出来，抛弃原文的语言形式，按译入语的习惯重新遣词造句。意译是不同于乱译的重要翻译方法之一。直译 OR 意译?Context, register, style, target audience“直译，意译，各有千秋，译者依据功能、

19、审美、读者层三要素，宜直译就直译，宜意译就意译，能神游于规矩之内，亦能神游于规矩之外，能循规蹈矩，亦能叛道离经，方称得上翻译的行家里手。” 辜正坤Word-for-word Translation v.s. Literal Transaltion-Your wife is very beautiful!你的太太真漂亮!- 哪里,哪里!Where, where!- From head to toe.从头到脚.- 不见得,不见得.Not to be seen, not to be seen.He is lying on his back.他躺在他的背上。 (周作人）寻花问柳； 人山人海；马马虎虎；

20、胸有成竹;七嘴八舌；三长两短Literal Translation v.s. Liberal TranslationTo pour oil on fire 火上浇油No smoke without fire 无火不生烟杜拉拉升职记Dulalas Promotion Go Lala Go!大哥比我大二十一岁,经常开玩笑说他养得出我。My brother is 21 years older than I, and he often joked that he could have fathered me. he could have fathered a child of my age.Domes

21、tication vs Alienation (1)- A cultural perspectiveDomestication: a translation strategy for a transparent, fluent style in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for readers of the translation.Alienation: a translation deliberately breaking target language convention by retaining some

22、 foreignness or exotic flavor of the original.Cultural vs. Linguistic considerationDomestication v.s. Alienation (2)Rome was not built in a day. 冰冻三尺,非一日之寒. 罗马不是一天建成的. 世人都晓神仙好。All men long to be immortals. (杨宪益译)All men know that Salvation should be won. (David Hawkes)Domestication v.s. Alienation (

23、3)Youre not in Kansas anymore; youre on Pandora - Avatar你已不在堪萨斯了这儿不是你的老家这里已不是你的天下这里不是你的用武之地More examples:Subtitles translation of the film “Kong Fu Panda” Example #1: 人物名Po/Dragon WarriorMaster ShifuMaster OogwayTigress, Viper, Crane, Monkey, and Mantisthe Furious Five阿宝/神龙大侠师傅乌龟大师虎，蛇，鹤，猴，螳螂虎妞，小蛇，鹤儿

24、，皮猴，螳郎矫虎、灵蛇、金猴、仙鹤、螳螂盖世五侠Example #2(当乌龟大师经过幻像得知被关押20年之久的雪豹太郎将会越狱重返和平谷时说：） “Tai Lung will return!” “太郎将重现江湖！”在特定语域（register），把握该语域中不同人物在不同人际关系、不同会话语境中的说话方式、表情习惯、语气、态度、神态，用适切的语言形式再现或表现出来。Example #3: Po:Crazy feet, my crazy feet!疯狂的脚，我疯狂的脚。看我的佛山无影脚。Example #4: Master Shifu (a)：This is the place where Oo

25、gway unraveled the mysteries of harmony and focus. This is the birthplace of Kong Fu。这是乌龟大师参透禅机的地方，两极调和，心无旁骛，这是功夫发源之地。Example #5: Master Shifu (b)：You can see the light in the deep cave, and you will feel the universe emotionally around you.你能在深洞之中看见光亮，能感觉到宇宙就在你的旁边。你能在至深之洞中明察秋毫，且能与天地运数息息相通。Example #6: Oogway：Theres a saying: yesterday is a history, tomorrow is mystery, but today is a gift, thats why it is called the present.Pun: present昨日之