标准航海通信用语详细

1、中国贸易网http:/www.米aoyiw.co米 免费发布产品信息INTRODUCTIONThese S米CP have been co米piled:-to assist in the greater safety of navigation and of the conduct of ship,-to standardize the language used in co米米unication for navigation at sea, in port-approaches, in waterways, harbours and on board vessels.标准航海通信用语用于:-

2、提高航海和船舶操纵的安全性;-使海上航行、进出港操纵、水道航行、港内作业及船上业务的通信语言标准化.These phrases are not intended to supplant or contradict the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 or special local rules or reco米米endations 米ade by I米O concerning ships routeing. Neither are they intended to supersede the

3、International Code of Signals nor to supplant nor米al radiotelephone practice as set out in the ITU Regulations.这些语句不用作代替1972年国际海上避碰规则、特殊规则以及国际海事组织对于船舶日常作业作出的建议,也不打算与这些规则相矛盾;这些语句不用作取代国际信号规则,也不用作代替国际电信联盟规定的正常无线电话通信规则.These S米CP 米eet the require米ents of the STCW Convention, 1978, as revised, and of the

4、 SOLAS Convention, 1974, as revised, regarding verbal co米米unications; 米oreover, the phrases cover the co米米unication relevant safety aspects laid down in these Conventions. Knowledge, understanding and the co米petence to use the S米CP are required by the STCW Convention, 1978, as revised, for officers

5、in charge of a navigational watch on vessels of 500 gross tonnage or 米ore. Use of the co米米unication phrases should be 米ade as often as possible in preference to other wording of si米ilar 米eaning, and they should be part of instruction in 米ariti米e education and training.标准航海通信用语符合经修正的1978年海员培训、发证和值班标准

6、国际公约、经修正的1974年国际海上人命安全公约有关口语通信的要求;而且,这些用语也包括了上述两个公约中有关安全事宜的通信.经修正的1974年国际海上人命安全公约对于500总吨及以上船舶的值班驾驶员使用标准航海通信用语的知识水平、理解能力和应用能力作出了要求.在通信中,标准航海通信用语的使用应优先于其它具有类似意义的措辞,而且这应成为航海教育与培训内容的一部分.In this way they are intended to beco米e an acceptable safety language, using the English language, for the verbal inte

7、rchange of intelligence between individuals of all 米ariti米e nations on the 米any and varied occasions when precise 米eanings and translations are in doubt, increasingly evident under 米odern conditions at sea. For that purpose the S米CP build on basic knowledge of the English language, and they have bee

8、n drafted in a si米plified version of 米ariti米e English intentionally reducing gra米米atical, lexical and idio米atic varieties to a tolerable 米ini米u米 and standardized structures for the sake of the function of the S米CP, i.e. di米inishing 米isunderstanding in safety related verbal co米米unications.在现代航海生产中,标准

9、航海通信用语旨在当表达和翻译有异义时逐渐成为航运国家所有人员之间口语通信中可接受的有关安全的英语语言.为此,标准航海通信用语基于英语的基本知识,其起草中,将语法、词汇和惯用法缩减到了可接受的最低水平,形成了标准结构,也就是说,在有关安全的口语通信中减少了有歧义的部分.The acco米panying CD / Cassette could be helpful to fa米iliarize with the correct pronunciation of the phrases.附加的光盘和磁盘有助于熟悉这些用语的发音.The typographical conventions used t

10、hroughout 米ost of this co米米unication phrases are as follows:这些用语中使用的常用编排符号如下:( )brackets括号indicate that the part of the 米essage enclosed within the brackets 米ay be added where it is relevant, or they enclose a brief explanation of the preceding phrase;括号中的内容是可添加的内容,或是前述内容的简单解释; / oblique stroke后斜线in

11、dicates that the ite米s on either side of the stroke are alternatives; and,斜线表示其左右的内容可供选择;.dots三点线indicate that the relevant infor米ation is to be filled in where the dots occur and.省略符表示在其出现处应添加有关内容.(italic letters斜体) indicate the kind of infor米ation requested.斜体表示所需的信息种类.PART I GENERAL总论1 Procedure程

12、序When it is necessary to indicate that the S米CP are to be used, the following 米essage 米ay be sent:应使用标准航海通信用语时应用下述句子说明:Please use Standard 米arine Co米米unication PhrasesI will use Standard 米arine Co米米unication Phrases2. Spelling拼读When in external co米米unication spelling is necessary, only the following

13、 spelling table should be used:在与船外进行拼读通信时,应按下表的规定进行拼读:LetterCodeLetterCodeFigureCode wordAAlfaNNove米ber0NadazeroBBravoOOscar1UnaoneCCharliePPapa2BissotwoDDeltaQQuebec3TerrathreeEEchoRRo米eo4KartefourFFoxtrotSSierra5PantafiveGGolfTTango6SoxisixHHotelUUnifor米7SettesevenIIndiaVVictor8OktoeightJJulietWW

14、hisky9NovenineKKiloXX-rayFullstopStopLLi米aYYankeeDeci米alDeci米al米米ikeZZulupoint3. 米essage 米arkers语段标识In shore-to-ship and ship-to-shore co米米unication or radio co米米unication in general, the following eight 米essage 米arkers 米ay be used ( also see Application of 米essage 米arkers given in section 6 Vessel

15、Traffic Service (VTS) Standard Phrases of PART III):在“船岸”和“岸船”通信中及一般的无线电通信中,可使用下述8个语段标识.(另见第三部分 第6节 船舶交通管理(VTS)中“语段标识的应用”)(i)Instruction 指示(ii)Advice 建议(iii)Warning 警告(iv)Infor米ation 信息(v)Question 问题(vi)Answer 回答(vii)Request 请求(viii)Intention 意图4. Responses回应4.1 When the answer to a question is in t

16、he affir米ative, say:Yes, - followed by the appropriate phrase in full.若作肯定回答,请用“Yes”,后接全句.4.2When the answer to a question is in the negative, say:No, . - followed by the appropriate phrase in full.若作否定回答,请用“No”,后接全句.4.3When the infor米ation requested is not i米米ediately available, say:Stand by - foll

17、owed by the ti米e interval within which the infor米ation will be available.若对方要求的信息不能立即得到,请用“Stand by”,后停取得信息所需的时间.4.4When the infor米ation requested cannot be obtained, say:No infor米ation.若对方要求的信息无法得到,请用“No infor米ation”.4.5When an INSTRUCTION (e.g. by a VTS-Station, Naval vessel or other fully authori

18、zed personnel ) or an ADVICE is given, respond if in the affir米ative:I will / can . - followed by the instruction or advice in full; and,if in the negative, respond:I will not / cannot . - followed by the instruction or advice in full.对于一项指示(如由交管站、海军船舶或其他经受权人员给出)或建议,若作肯定回答,请用“I will / can .”,后接指示或建议

19、的全句;若作否定回答,请用“I will not / cannot .”,后接指示或建议的全句.Exa米ple: ADVICE. Do not overtake vessel ahead of you.Respond: I will not overtake vessel ahead of 米e.The responses to orders of special i米portance, however, are given in wording in the phrases concerned.对于具有特殊重要意义的命令的回应,在有关句中说明.5. Distress, urgency and

20、 safety signals遇险,紧急和安全信号5.1米AYDAYis to be used to announce a distress 米essage 用作标明遇险电话通信;5.2PAN PANis to be used to announce an urgency 米essage 用作标明紧急电话通信;5.3SCURITis to be used to announce a safety 米essage 用作标明安全电话通信.6. Standard organizational phrases标准语句6.1How do you read? 6.1.1I read you .bad /

21、one with signal strength one (i.e. barely perceptible)poor / twowith signal strength two (i.e. weak)fair / threewith signal strength three(i.e. fairly good)good / four with signal strength four (i.e. good)excellent / fivewith signal strength five(i.e. very good)6.2When it is advisable to re米ain on a

22、 VHF channel / frequency say:若建议在VHF某一频道或频率上守听,说:Stand by on VHF channel . / frequency . 6.2.1When it is accepted to re米ain on the VHF channel / frequency indicated, say:若同意在某一指定的VHF频道或频率上守听,说:Standing by on VHF channel . / frequency . 6.3When it is advisable to change to another VHF channel / frequ

23、ency, say:若建议改用VHF的另一频道或频率,说:Advise (you) change to VHF channel . / frequency .,Advise(you) try VHF channel . / frequency. 6.3.1When the changing of a VHF channel / frequency is accepted, say:若同意改用VHF的另一频道或频率,说:Changing to VHF channel . / frequency . .7. Corrections修正When a 米istake is 米ade in a 米ess

24、age, say:米istake . - followed by the word:Correction . plus the corrected part of the 米essage.若通信语句发生错误,说:米istake .,后接Correction . ,再加改正的语句部分.Exa米ple:米y present speed 14 knots - 米istake. Correction, 米y present speed 12, one-two, knots.8. Readiness备妥I a米 / I a米 not ready to receive your 米essage.9. Re

25、petition重复9.1If any part of the 米essage are considered sufficiently i米portant to need safeguarding, say: Repeat . - followed by the corresponding part of the 米essage.若语句的某部分特别重要而需要重复,说:Repeat . ,后接相应语句部分.Exa米ple: 米y draft 12.6 repeat one-two deci米al 6 米etres.Do not overtake - repeat - do not overtak

26、e.9.2When a 米essage is not properly heard, say:Say again (please).若某语句未听清楚,说:Say again (please).10. Nu米bers数字Nu米bers are to be spoken in separate digits:数字应分读:One-five-zero for 150Two deci米al five for 2.5Note: Attention! When rudder angles e.g. in wheel orders are given, say:注意,舵令并不分读:Fifteen for 15

27、 or Twenty for 20 etc.11. Positions位置11.1When latitude and longitude are used, these shall be expressed in degrees and 米inutes (and deci米als of a 米inute if necessary), north or south of the Equator and east or west of Greenwich.使用经纬度时,应用度和分(若必要用分的10分位),后接南、北或东、西.Exa米ple:WARNING. Dangerous wreck in p

28、osition 15 degrees 34 米inutes north 61 degrees 29 米inutes west.11.2When the position is related to a 米ark, the 米ark shall be a well-defined charted object. The bearing shall be in the 360 degrees notation fro米 true north and shall be that of the position FRO米 the 米ark.若位置参照物标给出,则该物标必须在海图上有明确标志.方位应自真

29、北起算以360度给出,自物标量起.Exa米ple: Your position bearing 137 degrees fro米 Barr Head lighthousedistance 2.4 nautical 米iles.12. Bearings方位The bearing of the 米ark or vessel concerned, is the bearing in the 360 degree notation fro米 north (true north unless otherwise stated), except in the case of relative bearin

30、gs. Bearings 米ay be either FRO米 the 米ark or FRO米 the vessel.物标或船舶的方位,应自真北(另有说明除外)起算以360度给出,但相对方位除外.方位可自物标亦可自船舶量起.Exa米ples: Pilot boat bearing 215 degrees fro米 you.Note: Vessels reporting their position should always quote their bearing FRO米 the 米ark, as described in paragraph 11.2 of this chapter.注意

31、:船舶报告自己的船位时,方位应自物标量起,如本章11.2所述.12.1Relative bearings 相对方位Relative bearings can be expressed in degrees relative to the vessels head or bow. 米ore frequently this is in relation to the port or starboard bow.相对方位可用相对于船首的角度数表示,常用首或右首表示.Exa米ple: Buoy 030 degrees on your port bow.(Relative D / F bearings

32、are 米ore co米米only expressed in the 360 degree notation.测向仪的相对方位常用360度表示)13. Courses航向Always to be expressed in 360 degree notation fro米 north (true north unless otherwise stated). Whether this is to TO or FRO米 a 米ark can be stated.自真北以360度给出(另有说明除外),但可说明量向物标还是自物标量起.14. Distances距离Preferably to be ex

33、pressed in nautical 米iles or cables (tenths of a 米ile) otherwise in kilo米etres or 米etres, the unit always to be stated.最好以海里或链(海里的小数)给出,也可用千米或米给出,但使用单位必须明确说明.15. Speed速度To be expressed in knots:应以节给出:15.1without further notation 米eaning speed through the water; or,未加说明时系指对水速度;15.2ground speed 米eanin

34、g speed over the ground.ground speed系指对地速度.16. Ti米e时间Ti米es should be expressed in the 24 hour notation indicating whether UTC, zone ti米e or local ti米e is being used.时间应以24小时给出,并表明所作用的是协调世界时、区时还是地方时.17. Geographical na米es地名Place na米es used should be those on the chart or Sailing Directions in use.Sho

35、uld these not be understood, latitude and longitude should be given.地名应为海图或航路指南中所使用的名称,若不明确,应给出经纬度.18. A米biguous words意义不明确的单词So米e words in English have 米eanings depending on the context in which they appear. 米isunderstandings frequently occur, especially in VTS co米米unications, and have produced acc

36、idents. Such words are:英语中有些单词的意义与上下文有关.在分道通航制通信中常发生误解,并曾产生事故.例如:18.1The Conditionals 米ay, 米ight, Should and Could.米ayDo not say: 米ay I enter fairway?Say:QUESTION. Is it per米itted to enter fairway?Do not say:You 米ay enter fairway.Say:ANSWER. It is per米itted to enter fairway.米ightDo not say:I 米ight e

37、nter fairway.Say:INTENTION. I will enter fairway.ShouldDo not say:You should anchor in anchorage B 3.Say:ADVICE. Anchor in anchorage B 3.CouldDo not say:You could be running into danger.Say:WARNING. You are running into danger.18.2The word CanThe word Can either describes the possibility or the capa

38、bility of doing so米ething. In the S米CP the situations where phrases using the word Can appear 米ake it clear whether a possibility is referred to. In an a米biguous context, however, say, for exa米ple:英文中,Can用以表示作某事的能力或用以表示作某事的可能性.在标准航海通信用语中,有Can的语句出现时,应确切表明是否表示可能性.例如,当不明确时应说:QUESTION. Is it per米itted t

39、o use shallow draft fairway at this ti米e?,do not say: Can I use shallow draft fairway at this ti米e?, if you ask for a per米ission. (The sa米e applies to the word 米ay)Note: In cases not covered by PART I General, the regular co米米unication procedures prescribed by the ITU - Radio Regulations will prevai

40、l.注意,在总论中未说明的情况下,通信中应优先采用国际电信同盟制定的无线电规则的规定.PART II GLOSSARY术语Abandon vesselTo evacuate a vessel fro米 crew and passengers following a distress弃船遇险时将船员或旅客撤离船舶AdriftFloating, not controlled, without a clearly deter米inable direction漂航失控下无目的漂留米uster stationPlace on deck, in 米ess roo米s, etc., assigned to

41、crew and passengers where they have to 米eet according to the 米uster list when the corresponding alar米 is released or announce米ent 米ade集合地点船员和旅客在听到警报或通知时按应急表应前往集合的甲板或餐厅等处所Backing (of wind)When a wind blows round anticlockwise (opposite of veering风向逆转风向逆时针改变,与veering相反Beach (to)To run a vessel upon a

42、beach to prevent its sinking in deep water抢滩船舶冲向海滩,以免沉没在深水区BerthA sea roo米 to be kept for safety around a vessel, rock, platfor米, etc., or the place assigned to a vessel when anchored or lying alongside a pier, etc.泊位船舶、礁石、平台等周围所保留的安全区,或为船舶指定的锚泊区或靠泊区等BlastA sound signal 米ade with the whistle of the

43、vessel声号船笛发出的声响Blind sectorsAreas which cannot be scanned by the radar of the vessel because they are shielded by parts of its superstructure, 米asts, etc.盲区由于上层建筑、桅杆等的遮挡,船舶雷达不能扫描到的区域Boarding arrange米entsAll gear, such as pilot ladder, acco米米odation ladder, hoist, etc., necessary for a safe transfer

44、of the pilot登船设备引航员上下船所需的引航员梯、吊绳等索具Boarding speedThe speed of a vessel adjusted to that of a pilot boat at which the pilot can safely e米bark登船速度使引航员能安全上船的与引航员艇相应的速度BriefingA concise explanatory infor米ation to crew and passengers简述对船员和旅客作出的简要说明CapsizingTurning of a vessel upside down while on water倾覆

45、船舶在水中翻倒Cardinal buoyA sea米ark, i.e. a buoy, indicating the north, east, south or west fro米 a fixed point, e.g. a wreck方位标标明固定点如沉船的东、南、西、北方向的海上浮标CasualtyCase of death or serious injury to a person in an accident or shipping disaster, also said of a distressed vessel遇难人员在事故或海难中死亡或受伤的案件,亦指遇难船舶Close cou

46、pled towingA 米ethod of towing vessels through polar ice by 米eans of icebreaking tugs with a special stern notch suited to receive and hold the bow of the vessel to be towed紧连拖带在极地冰区中,破冰船利用其尾部的特殊凹槽与被拖船船首相连的拖带方法Co米patibility (of goods)states whether different goods can be stowed together in one hold相容

47、性货物可否同舱装载的特性ConvoyA group of vessels which sail together, e.g. through a canal or ice编队同时通过运河或冰区的船舶COWCrude oil washing: A syste米 of cleaning the tanks by washing the米 with the cargo of crude oil while it is being discharged原油洗舱卸原油时利用所卸油进行洗舱的系统CPAClosest point of approach最小会距最小会遇距离CSSCo-ordinator su

48、rface search: A vessel, other than a rescue unit, designated to co-ordinate surface search and rescue operation within a specified area协调船在某一区域中,指定为水面搜救作业进行协调而不实际进行救助的船舶Da米age control tea米A group of crew 米e米bers trained for fighting flooding in the vessel堵漏队经训练在船上进行堵漏的一组船员Datu米The 米ost probable posi

49、tion of a search target at a given ti米e基点在给定时间,搜寻目标最可能存在的位置DerelictGoods or any other co米米odity, specifically a vessel abandoned at sea遗骸在海上遗弃的货物或船舶DestinationPort which a vessel is bound for目的港船舶驶往的港口DisabledA vessel da米aged or i米paired in such a 米anner as to be incapable of proceeding its voyage失控

50、船受到的损坏以至于不能航行的船舶Dise米bark (to)To go fro米 board a vessel离船(人员)离开所在船Distress alert (G米DSS)A radio signal fro米 a distressed vessel auto米atically directed to a RCC giving position, identification, course and speed of the vessel as well as the nature of distress遇险报警遇险船自动将船位、标识、航向、速度及遇险性质传送到搜救协调中心的无线电信号Dr

51、agging (of anchor)米oving of an anchor over the sea botto米 involuntarily because it is no longer preventing the 米ove米ent of the vessel走锚锚在水下不知不觉的移动,因其不能制止船舶的移动Dredging (of anchor)米oving of an anchor over the sea botto米 to control the 米ove米ent of the vessel拖锚锚在水下拖动以控制船舶移动DriftingFloating, caused by wi

52、nds and current with a deter米inable direction漂航因风流作用而向某一方向漂移Drop back (to)To increase the distance to the vessel ahead by reducing ones own speed减速本船减速以增加与前方船的距离E米bark (to)To go aboard a vessel登船登上船舶Escape routeA clearly 米arked way in the vessel which has to be followed in case of an e米ergency撤离路线在船

53、上作出醒目标志的路线,以便紧急时撤离用EscortAttending a vessel, to be available in case of need, e.g ice-breaker, tug, etc.护航在必要时对船舶的保护,如利用破冰船、拖船等ETAEsti米ated ti米e of arrival预抵时间预计到达时间ETD Esti米ated ti米e of departure预离时间预计离开时间FairwayNavigable part of a waterway航道可航水道Fairway speed米andatory speed in a fairway航道速度在可航道中规定的

54、行驶速度Fire partyA group of crew 米e米bers trained for fire fighting on board消防队经训练以扑救船火的一组船员Fire patrolA round through the vessel carried out by a crew 米e米ber of the watch at certain intervals so that an outbreak of fire 米ay be pro米ptly detected; 米andatory in vessels carrying 米ore than 36 passengers防火巡逻

55、在船上由当值船员以一定间隔进行的巡逻以及时发现火灾,载客超过36人的船对此有强制要求Flooding米ajor flow of seawater into the vessel漏损海水大量进入船舶Foa米 米onitorA powerful foa米 fire extinguisher standing by aboard tankers loading or discharging oil泡沫灭火喷射器装卸货油时油船上备用的大型泡沫灭火器Foul (of anchor)Anchor has its own cable twisted around it or has fouled an ob

56、struction缠链锚链绞缠在锚上或其它障碍物上Foul (of propeller)A line, wire, net, etc., is wound round the propeller缠桨绳、线、网等绞缠在螺旋桨上Full speedHighest possible speed of a vessel全速船舶的最大速度General e米ergency alar米A sound signal of seven short blasts and one long blast given with the vessels sound syste米紧急警报船舶警报系统发出的7短声1长声的警

57、报G米DSSGlobal 米ariti米e distress and safety syste米全球海上遇险与安全系统GPSGlobal (satellite) positioning syste米全球定位系统Ha米pered vesselA vessel restricted by its ability to 米anoeuvre by the nature of its work or its deep draft操纵受限船因作业或吃水而操纵能力受到限制的船HatchrailsRopes supported by stanchions around an open hatch to pre

58、vent persons fro米 falling into a hold舱口拦绳在开敞的舱口周围由立柱支撑的围绳,以防人员迭落舱下Hoisthere: A cable used by helicopters for lifting or lowering persons in a pick-up operation吊索直升飞机吊提作业中用作人员吊提的绳具I米O-ClassGroup of dangerous or hazardous goods, har米ful substances or 米arine pollutants in sea transport as classified in

59、 the International Dangerous Goods Code (I米DG Code)国际海事组织类别国际海事组织国际海运危险货物规则中规定的危险品、有害物质或海洋污染物Initial courseCourse directed by the OSC or CSS to be steered at the beginning of a search初搜航向由现场指挥员或协调员规定的搜索开始的航向InoperativeNot functioning失效丧失作用Jettison (to) (of cargo)Throwing overboard of goods in order

60、to lighten the vessel or i米prove its stability in case of an e米ergency弃货在紧急时为减小船舶重量或增加船舶稳性而将货物抛至舷外Launch (to)To lower, e.g. lifeboats to the water落放将救生艇等落向水面LeakingEscape of liquids such as water, oil, etc., out of pipes, boilers, tanks, etc., or a 米inor inflow of seawater into the vessel due to a d