2022年五年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练-专题06-时文报道类

1、专题 06 时文报道类在信息时代的今日,我们必需关注国内外的重要大事；因而时文报道类 也称新闻报道类 文章也是阅读懂得中必不行少的；时文报道类文章一般以记叙文为主；文章的特点是用特别简练的语言清晰地向读者阐述一件事；这类文章的写作思路往往是这样的：简述某个大事 何时、何地、何人、何事、结果 具体描述该大事 细节内容 作者或其他人的看法和评判；不过,在表达方式上,作者会运用各种表达方式,如倒叙、插叙等,思维的跳动性较大；另外,这种文章中往往显现大量的生疏的人名或地名,在阅读时,要学会排除干扰；时文报道类是历年高考英语的必考话题,主要题型为阅读懂得,体裁一般为说明文,分值所占比重也比较高；如202

2、2 年新课标卷I 阅读懂得 C 篇； 2022 年新课标卷II阅读懂得D篇； 2022 年新课标卷III阅读懂得 C篇等重视时文类的标题重视时文类的导语标题通常点明短文的主题思想；由于高考试卷中的大部分时文类文章都会 有意识地删掉标题, 因此全文的主题和论点 必需通过懂得和分析导语部分来获得；时文报道类时文类文章通常结构看似比较松散,而实际上并非如此； 时文类的正文主要对导语部分【高考探究】重视每个段落的连接高考试题常常以阅读懂得的形式显现新闻报道类的文章；【典例剖析】 A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the ches

3、t after he suffered a serious allergic 过敏的 reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy, nine, restarted father Colms heart by stamping 踩 on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzy s mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save he

4、r father, so decided to use CPR. However, she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough, so she stamped on her father s chest instead. Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions 按压 until the ambulance arrived. Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, s

5、aid: I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.Shes a little star, said Debbie. I was real

6、ly upset but Izzy just took over. I just cant believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery aller

7、gic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment. He has now made a full rec

8、overy from his suffering. 1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest . A.to express her helplessness B.to practise CPR on him C.to keep him awake D.to restart his heart 2.What s the right order of the events. Izzy kicked Colm. Debbie called 999. Izzy learned CPR. Colms heart stopped. C.D.A. B. 3.What doe

9、s Paragraph 8 mainly talk about. A. What Colm suffered. s allergy. B. Colm s present condition. C. What caused ColmD. Symptoms of Colms allergic reaction. 4.Why does the author write the news. A. To describe a serious accident. B. To prove the importance of CPR. C. To report a 9-year-old girls brave

10、 act. Izzy的父亲因过敏反应心脏停D. To call peoples attention to allergic reaction. 【语篇解读】本文为新闻报道；文中报道了9 岁女童英勇救父的故事；止工作, Izzy 实行急救措施挽救了父亲的生命；2.C 【解析】考查细节懂得；由上下文可知,Izzy 从前明白了一些CPR心肺复苏术 ,后来她父亲因过敏反应心脏停止了工作,Izzy 的母亲 Debbie 拨了 999 急救电话,然后 Izzy 实行了急救措施；3.A 【解析】考查段落大意；第八段主要讲 Colm所患的疾病,即古怪的过敏反应；所以 A 项正确；4.C 【解析】考查写作目的；

11、文章为新闻报道,第一段中的A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest为导语,所以作者的写作目的是报道 9 岁女童英勇救父的故事；【长难句解读】 A schoolgirl saved her father s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic 过敏的 reaction which stopped his heart. 分析：该句为主从复合句 , 句中 A schoolgirl saved her father

12、 s life by kicking him in the chest 为主句, after 引导时间状语从句,which stopped his heart为定语从句修饰先行词 reaction；Passage 1 （2022 年新课标卷 I ）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文人类语言越来越少及其缘由 350 7 分钟Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the w

13、orld was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit 联系 groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon

14、 afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation an

15、d better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general r

16、ule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone acco

17、unts for well over 800. The median number 中位数 of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. only Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinctionCameroon eight 消亡 , with a few elderly speakers left. Pick, a

18、t random, Busuu in remaining speakers,Chiapaneco in Mexico150, Lipan Apache in the United Statestwo or threeor Wadjigu in Australia one, with a question-mark: none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times. A. They developed very f

19、ast. C. They had similar patterns. B. They were large in number. D. They were closely connected. 29. Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present. A. Ab

20、out 6,800 B. About 3,400 C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200 31. What is the main idea of the text. A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 【文章大意】文章叙述了随着社会的进展人类语言越来越少及其缘

21、由；29.C 【解析】推测词义题； 依据文章其次段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 可知, 英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言；由此推知 dominant languages 意为：强有力的语言；应选 C；30.B 【解析】细节懂得题；依据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和 The median number 中位数 of speakers is a mere 6,000,

22、which means that half the world s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知,目前世界上大约有 6800 种语言,但是讲的人数少于 6000 人的占一半即 3400. 应选 B；31.C 【解析】主旨要义题； 依据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.C；可知,语言的

23、产生和消逝进行了几千年,但最近时代语言产生的少,消逝的太多；应选Passage 2 （2022 年新课标卷II ）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文青少年和年幼的孩子们读300 7 分钟书的乐趣大大削减 Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the

24、 report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the report s key findings, “ the proportion 比例 who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds

25、in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2 8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session

26、. When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel 建议 parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data

27、 shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read

28、more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom 靠近 ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore. 28. What is the Common S

29、ense Media report probably about. A. Childrens reading habits.s books. B. Quality of childrenC. Childrens after-class activities. D. Parent-child relationships. 29. Where can you find the data that best supports children are reading a lot less for fun. A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3. C. In par

30、agraph 4. D. In paragraph 5. 30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading. A. E-books are of poor quality. B. It could be a waste of time. C. It may harm childrens health.D. E-readers are expensive. 31. How should parents encourage their children to read more. A. Act as role models for them. B.

31、Ask then to write book reports. C. Set up reading groups for them. D. Talk with their reading class teachers. 【文章大意】据本周一公布的a Common Sense Media report报告显示,青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大削减；文中从阅读的乐趣,阅读的时间,阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展现了该报告的内容；28.A 【解析】推理判定题；题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容；依据整篇文章,我们可以看出这篇报道叙述了孩子们阅读的乐趣,孩子们阅读的时间,孩子们阅读方式和父母

32、对孩子阅读的影响；A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系；应选 A；30.C 【解析】推理判定题； 依据倒数第三段最终一句 many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time可知,很多家长仍旧限制电子阅读,主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多,也即是担忧会损害孩子们的健康；应选 C；31.A 【解析】细节懂得题；依据倒数其次段 The most hopeful data sh

33、ared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. 可知,有明显的证据说明,父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培育孩子的阅读习惯；也即是说,父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来勉励孩子们阅读的；应选 A；Passage 3 （ 2022 新课标卷 III）体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间说明文 美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼 300 6 分钟After years of heated deb

34、ate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves. Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the conti

35、nental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected

36、 results. Deer and elk populations major food sources 来源 for the wolf grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation 植被 , which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park s r

37、ed fox es, and completely drove away the parks beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves wo

38、uld kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellow

39、stone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 28. What is the text mainly about. A. Wildli

40、fe research in the United States. B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area. C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. 29. What does the underlined word displaced in paragraph 2 mean. A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down

41、. 30. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about. A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the parks income.C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals. 31. What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project. A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disap

42、proving. D. Uncaring. 【话题解读】本文是一篇时文报道,该文报道了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情；人类活动的影响使灰狼的数量逐步削减,鹿群数量逐步增加,从而导致植被被大量破坏；【名师点睛】词义推测题是高考英语阅读懂得中常见的题型,一般考查考生对生词、熟词生义词、短语、代词的指代的推测以及对句子的懂得等；要求考生娴熟把握构词法,仍要学会利用上下文语境、利用定义、说明、举例和对比转折等线索来进行判定；另外构词法也是一种猜词的方法,比如通过前缀：dis- ,un- ,im- 等,如此题中的 displace；31.B 【解析】推理判定题；依据文章末段的最终一句可知,作者认为引进灰

43、狼的项目是很有价值的试验,因此可推知作者对这一举措持确定的态度；体裁 TerrafugiaPassage4（2022 新课标全国卷II ）建议时间话题词数难度说明文公司研制出了飞 316 6 分钟车Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle named the Transit

44、ion has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the a

45、ir. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon. Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But dontt expect

46、it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost $279,000.And it wonhelp if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway. Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than a

47、nyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. Mann said Terrafugia was helpe d by the Federa

48、l Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requi

49、rement pilots would find relatively easy to meet. 28. What is the first paragraph mainly about. A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars. C. The potential market for flying cars. C. The designers of the Transition. 29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too man

50、y driveways. A. It causers traffic jams. B. It is difficult to operate. C. It is very expensive. D. It burns too much fuel. 30. What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car.A. Cautious B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving. 31. What is the best title for the text. A. F

51、lying Car at Auto Show B. The Transitions First Flight Dream Coming True D. Flying Car Closer to Reality C. Pilots 【话题解读】本文是一篇新闻报道；主要介绍了 Terrafugia 公司研制出了飞车,试飞胜利,估计将于 明年进行销售；本文主要对飞车的历史由来及其构架进行了介绍；29.C 【解析】细节懂得题； 依据“But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. It s expected to cost 30.B $279,

52、000” 可知,由于Transition 的价格较高,所以不太可能在太多的公路上显现；应选C；【解析】细节懂得题；依据“he government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly ” 以及“Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set

53、of standards for light s port aircraf” 可知,政府对于飞车的研发是比较支持的；应选 B；31.D 【解析】标题归纳题；浏览全文,主要从飞车的试飞胜利、飞车的构架以及多年以前人们对飞车的 设想至今成为现实绽开说明；应选 D；Passage 5 （2022 天津卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文无人驾驶的自动化车辆 348 6 分钟This month, Germanys transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles

54、自主驾驶车辆 . They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley ”of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could dela

55、y the driverless future. Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property财产 damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel to check email, say the cars maker is responsib

56、le if there is a crash. “ The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says. Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and

57、lawyers. “The liability法律责任 issue is the biggest one of them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK. An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “ be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment. But that is not what

58、many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “ When you say driverless cars , people expect driverless cars. ”Merat says. “ You know no driver.”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation. Driverless cars may

59、end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched. That would go down poorly in the US, however. “ The idea that the gove

60、rnment would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo. 46. What does the phrase “ death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to. A. A place where cars often break down. B. A case where passing a law is impossible. C. An area where no driving is