高考英语一本培养语篇复习优课件精讲义优习题：一 阅读理解主旨大意题

1、精品基础教育教学资料，需要可下载使用！第三讲主旨大意题做真题感悟高考真题体验透视命题规律授课提示：对应学生用书第39页（2018全国卷 I -C）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit （联系）groups developed

2、their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people； they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their l

3、anguages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to dis

4、appear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, whil

5、e hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number 仲位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means

6、that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction （消第一步：读文章，概括段意文章最后一段谈到要从科学研究的角度看待儿童的开展，说我们追求科学的态度其实源 于我们的儿童时代。第二步：析选项，斟酌判断本段虽提到了儿童的游戏，但并未谈及此内容，A选项概括的内容范围过大。B 研究 婴儿的游戏或许有助于更好地理解科学。涵盖性强，覆盖全段，是对本段内容的精炼总结 和

7、概括。C属于无中生有，生搬硬套，本段提及了儿童与科学家一样都有理解事物的能 力，但并未作出比拟。D属于无中生有，生搬硬套，本段提到了人类的进化给婴儿提供 了好奇心和天生的解释世界的动力，但并未提及其与个人成长的关系。应选B项。4.写作目的题题型技法：解此类题主要有两种方法。1.主旨推断法：写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主 题，因此可根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作目的。比方上述例题就是通过每段段落的 主旨推断出答案的。2.文体推断法：根据文体的特点来推断。不同体裁的文章有不同的写作 目的，故事类记叙文的写作目的通常是使读者感到快乐（t。entertain）;广告类应用文的写 作目的是推

8、销产品或提供服务（t。persuade）;议论文的写作目的是阐述论点（t。argue）;科 普类说明文的写作目的是介绍科学知识，使大家紧跟时代步伐（rm）o典例 4 （2018浙江卷 A）How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during th

9、e Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But its also that he

10、rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he mad

11、e himself a lasting one.23 . What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A . To remember a great writer.B . To introduce an English novel.C . To encourage studies on culture.D . To promote values of the Victorian age.,解题步骤:第一步：读文章，概括大意文章介绍了查尔斯狄更斯在英国文学中的地位以及他是如何获此殊荣的，以此来纪念 查尔斯狄更斯这位伟大作家。第二步：析选项，斟酌

12、判断B、C、D三项以偏概全，B项介绍一本英国小说、C项鼓励研究文化”以及D项 倡导维多利亚朝代的价值观，这些都不是作者写本文的目的。应选A项。刷题组题型突破即时演练巩固复习成果授课提示：对应学生用书第42页阅读理解阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。A（2018,合肥市高三教学质量检测）A famous magazine, Amusement Today, does a survey among park lovers every year both in the US and overseas, based on which, “Top 5 List of t

13、he Best Amusement Parks in the World has come out as follows :Disneyland, CaliforniaDisneyland is a theme park in Anaheim, California, the US. More than 515 million guests have traveled to this American landmark from around the world since the park first opened to guests on July 17,1955. The park co

14、nsists of many world- famous sections, such as Main Street, Adventureland, New Orleans Square, and so on.Magic Kingdom, Disney World, FloridaMagic Kingdom is a theme park within the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando opened on October 1,1971. It is the most famous th

15、eme park in Florida. The parks design and attractions dont make much difference from Disneyland Park in Anaheim.EPCOTf Disney World, FloridaEPCOT is the second theme park built at the Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando, Florida. The park opened on October 1,1982, and was named EPCOT Center from 1

16、982 to 1993. It was the largest Disney theme park in the world until 1998, when Disneys Animal Kingdom opened.Disney-MGM Studios, FloridaMGMs streets are the home for some great movie-themed attractions with a history of less than 30 years. With the addition of the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror and

17、the Rock and Roller Coaster, the park is now home to Disney Worlds most thrilling rides.Universal Studios, FloridaGo behind the scenes, beyond the screen and jump right into the action of your favorite movies at Universal Studios, the number one movie and TV theme park in the world.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章向我

18、们介绍了由一本著名杂志经过调查推选出来 的位居世界前五位的游乐园。. Whats the purpose of the passage?A . To attract tourists to these theme parks.B . To introduce worlds best amusement parks.C . To increase the sales of Amusement Today.D . To compare attractions in different theme parks.解析：写作目的题。根据第一段 A famous magazine, Amusement T

19、oday. come out as follows和下文对5个公园的介绍可知，本文旨在介绍世界上最好的娱乐公园。故 选B。答案：B. Which of the following theme parks have similar attractions?A . Disneyland & Universal Studios.B . EPCOT & Disney-MGM.C . Disneyland & Magic Kingdom.D . Magic Kingdom & Universal Studios.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“The parks design and attractio

20、ns dont make much difference from Disneyland Park in Anaheim.并结合其所在段落标题Magic Kingdom, Disney World, Florida可知，应选 C。答案：c. Which park has the longest history?A . Disneyland, California.B . Magic Kingdom, Disney World, Florida.C . EPCOT, Disney World, Florida.D . Disney-MGM Studios, Florida.解析：细节理解题。根据

21、第二段中的More than 515 million guests. on July 17,1955.可知,Disneyland, California是1955年开放的;根据第三段第一句可知，Magic Kingdom, Disney World, Florida是1971年开放的;根据第四段第二句可知，EPCOT, Disney World, Florida是1982年开放的；根据倒数第二段第一句可知，Disney-MGM Studios, Florida的历史不到30年。由此可知，Disneyland, California是历史最悠久的。应选A。冬室 a 日木八B（2018湖北八校联考

22、）Cities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a black shirt versus a white shir

23、t on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees Fahrenheit （华氏度） hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees Fahrenheit can turn a hot da

24、y from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to live during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeaL a gray paint that keeps stree

25、ts and parking lots 10 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than black asphalt （沥青）.It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning leads to power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality.Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car

26、 exhaust into smog, which makes life miserable for people with asthma （哮喘）and other breathing problems.Of course, Los Angeles will have to do more than painting over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftopsat least those not a

27、lready covered in solar panels. While Los Angeles is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. Los Angeles is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool. This is an urgent

28、 challenge, and its much bigger than one person, said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day. 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了洛杉矶采取的降温方法，除了种植树木外, 更主要的是将道路漆成灰白色、将房顶漆成白色，这些措施有效而环保，不仅降低了降温成 本，还改善了空气质量，降低了哮喘等呼吸道

29、疾病的发病率。. Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?A . Planting more trees in the streets.B . Covering the streets with gray paint.C . Applying reflective paint to rooftops.D . Furnishing every house with air conditioners.解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的air conditioning leads to power bills

30、 soaring 可推知，夏天人们大量使用空调；又根据常识可知，空调外机的运行会导致气温上升，从而 导致热岛效应，故D项符合题意。答案：D.What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?A . How to make the city cooler.B . Where to wear a white shirt.C . Why to coat the roads with black paint.D . When to cut off the electricity supply.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句T。p

31、rotect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.可知，为了保护人们的身体健康,在炎热的夏季，城 市的官员们着重考虑如何给城市降温，故A项正确。答案：A.What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?A . Increasing the indoor activities.B . Promoting the sale of air conditioners.C . Making life easier and more comfortable

32、.D . Reducing the number of cold days.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段，尤其是该段第二、三句It will help Angelinos save money during the summer; when air conditioning leads to power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality/7 可知,使用 CoolSeal不仅有助于在夏季节省空调用电开支，而且它也可以通过降温和改善空气质量来 使人们生活得

33、更舒适，故C项正确。答案：C.Whats the main idea of the passage?A . Los Angeles adopted many approaches to fight against the heat. Los Angeles calls on people to fight against global warming.C . More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.D . Los Angeles is painting its streets gray to keep the ci

34、ty cool.解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了洛杉矶为了降低城市气温，主要采 取了将道路漆成灰白色的措施，并将采取一些其他措施来使城市降温。据此可知，D项最能 概括文意。答案：D限时规范训练（十七）阅读理解主旨大意题1（限时：25分钟）对应学生用书（单独成册）第125页ADuring lunch all my friends were talking about their families plans for winter break, and I was more than a little jealous （嫉妒的）since my parents couldnt tak

35、ea vacation during Christmas week.I came home from school that day to find a newsletter from the Jewish Community （社区）Center; which contained an ad for an alternative vacation” community-service trip to New Orleans during Christmas week. I wondered whether cleaning neighborhoods destroyed by Hurrica

36、ne Katrina and sleeping on the floor in a sleeping bag were really the way I wanted to spend Christmas vacation. I sent in an application anyway, went for an interview, and was actually very excited when I was accepted into the program.We arrived in New Orleans on December 23.First, we had dinner at

37、 a pizza place that had been destroyed by the hurricane. The owners told us about what they had gone through to rebuild their homes.On Christmas Eve, we spent the day removing garbage as part of a beautification project in the Lower Ninth Ward, which was most heavily damaged by Hurricane Katrina.On

38、Christmas Day, we worked at a center for homeless people. The people really appreciated our work, and we felt like we had made Christmas a little more special for them.My favorite project was helping at an animal rescue center. We walked the animals, cleaned their places, and fed them. Six thousand

39、dogs and cats, separated from their owners, were rescued by that shelter after the hurricane.When I returned to New York and told my friends about my trip, I realized how ridiculous I had been to be jealous of their Christmas plans. I looked around at my house, my dog, my family, and everything I ow

40、ned and felt really spoiled （被宠坏的）. All the things I saw in New Orleans , all the amazing people I met, and the small ways I was able to contribute to the rebuilding of the city made that week the most memorable vacation I can imagine.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者在圣诞假期来到灾后的新奥尔良去帮助那里的人们重建家园，这次经历成为他毕生难忘的回忆。. What w

41、as the authors first reaction to the community-service trip?A . He felt upset.B . He was excited.C . He felt hopeful.D . He was doubtful.解析：推理判断题。题干中的community-service trip对应到文章第二段，由该段中 的 wondered whether.were really the way I wanted to spend Christmas vacation/ 可知，作者对于是否要在圣诞假期去清扫灾后的居民区并在睡袋里过夜这一计划有些

42、许犹 豫。此处需要注意B项，根据该段中的was actually very excited when I was accepted into the program可知，作者在被该工程组接受后感到很高兴，因此B项并不是作者对该 社区服务之行的第一反响。答案：D. Which did the author like most?A . Removing garbage.B . Helping the homeless.C . Working with animals.D . Dining with survivors.解析细节理解题。作者在第三至六段中介绍自己具体的志愿工作 其中第六段首句My f

43、avorite project was helping at an animal rescue center.”说明作者此行最喜欢的工作 是在动物救助中心帮助。答案：c. What can we infer about the authors trip?A . It was very precious to him.B . It strengthened his family ties.C . It freed him from envying others.D . It improved his interpersonal skills.解析：推理判断题。阅读四个选项后不难发现，该题是作者此

44、行结束后的看法和认识, 因此定位到文章末尾。根据最后一段中的All the things I saw in New Orleans , all the amazing people I met, and the small ways I was able to contribute to the rebuilding of the city made that week the most memorable vacation I can imagine.可知，圣诞 周的志愿工作让作者记忆深刻。该句中的amazing people , contribute to , memorable 等信息透

45、露出此次志愿旅行对作者来说弥足珍贵。C项概括推断错误，文中只提到作者一开 始非常嫉妒同学们的美好假期计划，最后在经过此次旅行后发现这其实很可笑，因为自己在 圣诞周所做的事情远比同学们的假期更有意义。因此，这并不是说作者的此次旅行使得他不 再嫉妒他人。答案：A. What can be the best title for the text?A . The Most Memorable DayB . My Special Christmas VacationC . Post-disaster ReconstructionD . A Big Contribution to Society解析：标题

46、归纳题。通读文章后不难发现，本文主要由三局部构成：作者偶然发现一份 圣诞志愿活动的招募启事乍者去受灾地区所做的志愿工作；作者对此次志愿工作的感想。 因此，B项我的特别的圣诞假期”涵盖了这三大局部的内容，适合做本文标题。A项有一 定的迷惑性，但是作者的圣诞志愿工作并非只有一天，因此概括不准确；C项在文中有一定 表达，但文章并非主要讲述灾后重建工作；D项中的Big 一词用词不准确。答案：BBImagine this scene : its blowing outside, and you snuggle （蜷伏）up on the sofa under a warm quilt, chatting

47、 and recalling with your closest friends.That content, cosy feeling, has a name in Danish一hygge.And, as Denmark recently won the title of /zthe happiest country in the world0 , the concept of hygge 亡),with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers

48、), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark) : none of these seems to have much chance of survival.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的开展而 逐渐减少这一现象。. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A . The

49、y developed very fast.B . They were large in number.C . They had similar patterns.D . They were closely connected.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，一些语言专家认为，一万年

50、前，当世界上只有 500万到1000万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言。由此可推断，采猎文明时期的语 言种类很多。A项曲解文意，文中提到采猎文明时期语言很多，但这不代表语言开展快。C、 D 两项颠倒是非，根据第一段中 small, tightly knit groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other可知，这些语言是相互独立的，不具有相似模式, 语言间也没有密切联系。答案：B.Which of the following best explains dominant underlined i

51、n Paragraph 2?A . Complex.B . Advanced.C . Powerful.D . Modern.解析：词义猜想题。根据第二段中的. all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are is known to more and more people interested in finding ways to understand this concept.Hyggeoriginally from a

52、Norwegian word meaning well-beingdoesnt have an exact equivalent （又寸应物）in English. Its often translated as coziness, or as blogger Anna West told the BBCcoziness of the soul”. But, professor Maren Spark explains, “Hyqqe was never meant to be translated. It was meant to be felt.”Basically, hygge invo

53、lves creating a warm, cosy atmosphere and enjoying it with your loved ones. Danish winters are long and dark, so achieving hygge is particularly relevant during this season. A typical hygge activity during winter could be enjoying delicious homemade food and light - hearted conversation with friends

54、 preferably in the warm glow of candlelight, or maybe sipping a glass of wine in the hot tub after a day spent skiing.However, hygge isnt only limited to the cold winter months 一 it can also describe that warm, fuzzy feeling you get after a walk through a forest with friends on a summers day or a fa

55、mily barbecue in the park.Hygge is meant to be shared.语篇解读每年，丹麦人都会经历漫长而阴沉的冬日，可是丹麦却被认为是世界上最 幸福的国家。文章向我们介绍了丹麦人是如何通过创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的。. The author asks the readers to imagine the scene in the first paragraph toA . help the readers to calm downB . introduce the topic of the passageC . present the main ide

56、a of the passageD . remind the readers of their past memories解析：推理判断题。由文章第一段和第二段可知，作者让读者想象这个情景是为了引 出文章所要介绍的话题hygge。答案：B. What do the underlined sentences by Maren Spark mean?A . The translation of the word hygge is not good enough.B . Only Danish speakers know what hygge means.C . ”Hygge“ is easy to

57、 translate but hard to feel.D . We can get the true meaning of “hygge by feeling it.解析：句意猜想题。根据第三段可知，hygge这个词常被解释为coziness,下文 由But引出professor Maren Spark的观点hygge不应该被翻译，而应用来感 受。由此可知，我们只有通过感受才能理解hygge的真正内涵。答案：D. Which of the following can be best described as a hygge activity?A . Skiing in the cold wi

58、nter months.B . Living through long dark winters.C . Taking afternoon tea with friends.D . Walking alone in the forest.解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段的第一句可知，hygge”与创造一个温暖舒适的氛 围并与你爱的人一起提供有关。C项中的Taking afternoon tea符合creating a warm , cosy atmosphere , friends”对应your loved ones。应选 C 项。答案：C. The author writes this pas

59、sage to.A . explainB . persuadeC . comment D . advertise解析：写作目的题。纵观全文可以看出，文章采用情景介绍、概念介绍、举例说明的 方式向我们介绍了一种创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的生活方式：hygge。应选A项。答案：ACTwo of the saddest words in the English language are “if only” . I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regrets, l

60、ost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take the extra minute to do it right/7 I always try to live by the extra minute rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an if only m