AmateurRadioTechnicianClassElement2Course…4678业余无线电技师班2元课程课件

1、1Amateur Radio Technician ClassElement 2 Course PresentationELEMENT 2 SUB-ELEMENTST1 - FCC Rules, station license responsibilitiesT2 - Control operator dutiesT3 - Operating practicesT4 - Radio and electronic fundamentalsT5 - Station setup and operationT6 - Communications modes and methodsT7 - Specia

2、l operationsT8 - Emergency and Public Service CommunicationsT9 - Radio waves, propagation, and antennasT0 - Electrical and RF Safety第1页，共88页。2FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1ABasis and purpose of the Amateur Radio ServiceAn Amateur Radio Station is a station in an Amateur Radio Ser

3、vice consisting of the apparatus necessary for carrying on radio communications.An amateur operator as defined in Part 97 is a person named in an amateur operator/primary license grant in the FCC ULS database.One of the basic purposes of the Amateur Radio Service as defined in Part 97 is to provide

4、a voluntary noncommercial communications service to the public, particularly in times of emergency.Two of the five fundamental purposes for the Amateur Radio Service are to increase the number of trained radio operators and electronics experts, and improve international goodwill.第2页，共88页。3FCC Rules

5、and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1APenalties for unlicensed operation, other penaltiesThe Federal Communications Commission makes and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States.Harmful interference is a transmission that disturbs other communications.第3页，共88页。4FCC Ru

6、les and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1A ExaminationsThe classes of US amateur radio licenses that may currently be earned by examination are Technician, General, and Amateur Extra. A Volunteer Examiner (VE) is an amateur accredited by one or more Volunteer Examiner Coordinators (VECs) who volu

7、nteers to administer amateur license exams. Three Volunteer Examiners holding a General Class license or higher are required to administer an Element 2 Technician written examA Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) is valid for license upgrade purposes for 365 days.第4页，共88页。5Vol

8、unteer ExaminerEach administering VE must: Be accredited by the coordinating VECBe at least 18 years of ageBe a person who holds an amateur operator license of the class specified below:Amateur Extra, Advanced or General Class in order to administer a Technician Class operator license examinationAma

9、teur Extra or Advanced Class in order to administer a General Class operator license examinationAmateur Extra Class in order to administer an Amateur Extra Class operator license examinationMust be present and observing the examinee throughout the entire examination第5页，共88页。6Official documentsVE Bad

10、ges & FCC License(s)第6页，共88页。7CSCE 第7页，共88页。8VEC offices of W5YI (K5GTP Tracy) 第8页，共88页。9Actual input to FCC from VEC 第9页，共88页。10FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B ITU regionsThe purpose of ITU Regions is to assist in the management of frequency allocations.International Telecommuni

11、cation Union (ITU) U.S. is in Region 2第10页，共88页。11International Telegraph Union (ITU) Regions第11页，共88页。12FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1BInternational regulationsYou are allowed to operate your amateur station in a foreign country when there is a reciprocal operating agreement bet

12、ween the countries.第12页，共88页。13FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1BUS call sign structureThe FCC uses a system, called the Sequential Call Sign System, where call signs are assigned in sequential order to select new amateur radio call signs.An amateur radio club would obtain a club st

13、ation call sign by applying through a Club Station Call Sign Administrator.Minimum of four members are required for a club第13页，共88页。14FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1BUS call sign structure (cont)The letters, A, K, N and W, must be used for the first letter in US amateur call signs

14、. Calls are issued in a sequential manner, not randomA single digit, 0 through 9 number is used in US amateur call signs.Numbers are assigned by district of applicantKB3TMJ is a valid US amateur callsign.第14页，共88页。15Call sign by state exam taken第15页，共88页。16Call Signs (cont.)FCC Region number1 - ME,

15、NH, VT, MA, CT, RI2 - NY, NJ3 - PA, MD, DE4 - VA, KY, NC, TN, SC, GA, Al, FL5 - AR, LA, OK, TX, NM6 - CA7 - WA, MT, ID, OR, UT, NV, AZ8 - MI, OH, WV9 - WI, IL, IN第16页，共88页。17Call Signs (cont.)FCC Region number (cont.)0 - ND, SD, MN, IA, NE, MO, KS, CO11- AK (*L7)12 - Caribbean (*P4)13 - Hawaii and P

16、acific Islands (*H6)SuffixAlphabetically sequentialBased on where living at time of issuanceNot Automatically changed but can be requested第17页，共88页。18StateAbr.CapitalDistrictStateAbr.CapitalDistrictAlabamaALMontgomery4MontanaMTHelena7AlaskaAKJuneauKL7NebraskaNELincoln0ArizonaAZPhoenix7NevadaNVCarson

17、 City7ArkansasARLittle Rock5New HampshireNHConcord1CaliforniaCASacramento6New JerseyNJTrenton2ColoradoCODenver0New MexicoNMSanta Fe5ConnecticutCTHartford1New YorkNYAlbany2DelawareDEDover3North CarolinaNCRaleigh4FloridaFLTallahassee4North DakotaNDBismarck0GeorgiaGAAtlanta4OhioOHColumbus8HawaiiHIHonol

18、uluKH6OklahomaOKOklahoma City5IdahoIDBoise7OregonORSalem7IllinoisILSpringfield9PennsylvaniaPAHarrisburg3IndianaINIndianapolis9Rhode IslandRIProvidence1IowaIADes Moines0South CarolinaSCColumbia4KansasKSTopeka0South DakotaSDPierre0KentuckyKYFrankfort4TennesseeTNNashville4LouisianaLABaton Rouge5TexasTX

19、Austin5MaineMEAugusta1UtahUTSalt Lake City7MarylandMDAnnapolis3VermontVTMontpelier1MassachusettsMABoston1VirginiaVARichmond4MichiganMILansing8WashingtonWAOlympia7MinnesotaMNSt. Paul0West VirginiaWVCharleston8MississippiMSJackson5WisconsinWIMadison9MissouriMOJefferson City0WyomingWYCheyenne7第18页，共88页

20、。19FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B Special event callsAny FCC-licensed amateur is eligible to apply for temporary use of a 1-by-1 format Special Event call sign.Special Event call sign has the same ID requirements as your own call sign. You must also ID with your call sign once a

21、n hour. 第19页，共88页。20Technician Frequencies6 meters - 50 to 54 MHz2 meters - 144 to 148 MHz1.25 meters - 222 to 225 MHz219 to 220 MHz secondary use only for point to point digital message forwarding. 70 centimeters* - 420 to 450 MHzno 430 to 430 MHz north of line A (south of Canada.)33 centimeters* -

22、 902 to 928 MHz23 centimeters* - 1240 to 1300 MHzOther higher frequencies*Can not interfere when we are a secondary user. Hams may be a secondary user or have geographic/power limits.第20页，共88页。21FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1BVanity call signsYou would use the vanity call sign pr

23、ogram to obtain a call sign containing your initials.Renewal of vanity call signs can be done on the Internet. There is a fee for the vanity call.第21页，共88页。22FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1CAuthorized frequencies (Technician), operation near band edgesThe frequency, 52.525 MHz, is

24、 within the 6-meter band.You are using the 2 meter band when you are transmitting on 146.52 MHz.If you are operating on 223.50 MHz then you are operating on the 1.25 meter amateur band.The 70-centimeter frequency, 443.350 MHz, is authorized to a Technician class license holder operating in ITU Regio

25、n 2.The 23 centimeter frequency, 1296 MHz, is authorized to a Technician class license holder operating in ITU Region 2.第22页，共88页。The 2-meter amateur band is in the VHF or Very High Frequency range.第23页，共88页。The 70-centimeter amateur band is in the UHF or Ultra High Frequency range.第24页，共88页。25Frequ

26、ency allocations50 - 150 MHz 50.000 - 54.000 Amateur (6-meter) 54.000 - 72.000 Broadcast TV chs 2-4 (6 MHz steps - FMw) 72.000 - 76.000 (various) 76.000 - 88.000 Broadcast TV chs 5-6 (6 MHz steps - FMw) 88.000 - 108.000 FM Broadcast (200 kHz steps - FMw) 108.000 - 118.000 Aero - navigation 118.000 -

27、 136.000 Aero - communications (25 kHz steps - AM) 136.000 - 138.000 Satellite 138.000 - 144.000 US Government 144.000 - 148.000 Amateur (2-meter) 148.000 - 150.800 US Government 第25页，共88页。26Frequency allocations (cont)162 - 450 MHz 162.025 - 174.000 (various, mainly US Government) 174.000 - 216.000

28、 Broadcast TV chs 7-13 (6 MHz steps - FMw) 216.000 - 218.000 Maritime - AMTS, coast (25 kHz steps) 218.000 - 219.000 IVDS - Interactive Video & Data 219.000 - 220.000 Maritime - AMTS, ship (25 kHz steps) 220.000 - 221.000 (Private land Mobile) - base ( 5 kHz steps) 221.000 - 222.000 (Private land Mo

29、bile) - mobile( ) 222.000 - 225.000 Amateur (1.25-meter) 225.000 - 400.000 US Government - Aero (AM) 400.000 - 406.000 US Govt - Meteorological / Space 406.000 - 420.000 US Government 420.000 -450.000 Amateur(70cm)/military/radar/radiolocation 第26页，共88页。27Frequency allocations (cont)896 - 1300 MHz:

30、896.000 - 901.000 SMR/Business/Industry - mobile (12.5 kHz steps) 901.000 - 902.000 Personal Communications Services 902.000 - 928.000 Amateur (33cm) / various secondary 928.000 - 929.000 () 929.000 - 930.000 paging 930.000 - 931.000 Personal Communications Services - base 931.000 - 935.000 () 935.0

31、00 - 940.000 SMR/Business/Industry - base (12.5 kHz steps) 940.000 - 941.000 Personal Communications Services - base 941.000 - 960.000 () 960.000 -1215.000 Aeronautical navigation 1215.000 -1240.000 US Govt - Radiolocation / Space 1240.000 -1300.000 Amateur (23cm) 第27页，共88页。28FCC Rules and Station L

32、icensee Responsibilities T1CReciprocal licensingYou must be named in the FCC amateur license database, or be an alien with reciprocal operating authorization before you can control an amateur station in the US.A US amateur license allows you to transmit from wherever the Amateur Radio Service is reg

33、ulated by the FCC or where reciprocal agreements are in place.A US amateur operator may communicate with an amateur in a foreign country at any time unless prohibited by either government.第28页，共88页。29FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1CSpectrum sharingWhen authorized by the FCC, amate

34、ur stations are allowed to communicate with stations operating in other radio services.Communications on a regular basis that could reasonably be furnished alternatively through other radio services are not permitted in the Amateur Radio Service.When an amateur frequency band is said to be available

35、 on a secondary basis, amateurs may not cause harmful interference to primary users according to the FCC rules.第29页，共88页。30FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1DThe station licenseThe government agency that grants your amateur radio license is the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

36、.The FCC issues operator/station licenses in the Amateur Radio Service.Anyone except a representative of a foreign government can become an amateur licensee in the US.第30页，共88页。31FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1DThe station license (cont)You may transmit after passing the required

37、examination elements for your first amateur radio license and as soon as your license grant appears in the FCCs ULS database.Your responsibility as a station licensee is to ensure your station is operated in accordance with the FCC rules.There is no minimum age requirement to hold an amateur license

38、.第31页，共88页。32No minimum age for an Amateur Radio License第32页，共88页。33Correct name and address on fileThe FCC requires the station licensee mailing address to be kept up to date on the Universal Licensing System (ULS) database.An Amateur radio operator must have a correct name and mailing address on f

39、ile with the FCC to receive mail delivery from the FCC by the United States Postal Service.The FCC may revoke or suspend a license if the mailing address of the holder is not current with the FCC. If mail is returned to the FCC as undeliverable this could be a cause.FCC Rules and Station Licensee Re

40、sponsibilities T1D第33页，共88页。34FCC SUSPENDS HAM LICENSES FOR FAILURE TO MAINTAIN MAILING ADDRESS (it can happen)The FCC has suspended two Amateur Radio licenses because the holders had failed to maintain correct mailing addresses in the Commissions licensee database. Special Counsel in the FCC Spectr

41、um Enforcement Division Riley Hollingsworth wrote Larry L. Smith, KC7LJR, of Middleton, Idaho, and Larry J. Maniag, KD7JTG, of Payson, Arizona, on June 28, 2006 to inform them the FCC was suspending their Technician tickets for the remainder of their license terms or until each licensee provides a v

42、alid mailing address./news/stories/2006/07/18/100/第34页，共88页。35FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1DLicense term, renewals, grace periodThe normal term for an amateur station license grant is 10 years.You are not permitted to continue to transmit if you forget to renew your amateur lice

43、nse and it expires. Transmitting is not allowed until the license is renewed and appears on the FCC ULS database.The grace period during which the FCC will renew an expired 10-year license without re-examination is 2 years.第35页，共88页。36Take awaysAmateur Radio Stationcarries on radio communications wi

44、th necessary apparatus.Amateur Operator person named in FCC ULS databaseBasic purposes voluntary noncommercial service, particularly during emergenciesTwo of Five increase numbers of trained operators and improve international goodwill第36页，共88页。37Take aways (cont)FCC makes and enforces rulesHarmful

45、interference disturbs other communicationsTen years two year grace period. Renew on line /no cost. (unless a vanity call)ITU Regions assist management of frequency allocations U.S. in Region 2第37页，共88页。38Take aways (cont)Reciprocal operating agreement allows operation in foreign countriesFCC uses Se

46、quential Call Sign SystemFour members for a club station obtained by applying through Club Station Call Sign Administrator第38页，共88页。39Take aways (cont)52.525 MHz 6-meter band146.52 MHz 2-meter band223.50 MHz 1.25-meter band443.350 MHz 70-centimeter 1296 MHz 23-centimeterNotice that as the frequency

47、goes up, the wavelength goes down(Sorry, you need to memorize these frequencies)第39页，共88页。40Take aways (cont)Control an amateur station name in FCC database or be an alien with reciprocal agreement to operate in U.S.U.S. license allows transmissions FCC regulated or reciprocal agreementsU.S. amateur

48、s communicate with foreign countries unless prohibited by either governmentsWith authorization by FCC communications with other radio services may be permitted第40页，共88页。41Take aways (cont)Communications on regular basis furnished by other radio services are not permittedAmateur bands as secondary ba

49、sis my not cause harmful interference to primary users by rulesFCC grants amateur radio licenseFCC issues operator/station licenses in the Amateur Radio Service第41页，共88页。42Take aways (cont)Anyone except a representative of a foreign government can become an amateur licensee in the U.S.No age require

50、mentsTransmissions after passing the required exam and as soon as your license grant appears in the FCC ULS databaseResponsibility as a station licensee: ensure your station is operated in accordance with the FCC rules第42页，共88页。43Take aways (cont)Station licensee mailing address must be current, cor

51、rect name and address, revocation of license possible if returned as undeliverableLetters: A K N W Numbers: 0 thru 9; assigned by district of applicantAny amateur can apply for temporary 1 by 1 Special Event call sign, use normal ID requirements plus your call sign once an hourVanity call signs thru

52、 vanity call sign program renewal on Internet, fee requiredTechnician, General, Extra第43页，共88页。44Take aways (cont)VE is volunteer examiner VEC Volunteer examiner coordinatorCSCE valid for 365 daysNormal term for license of 10 yearsTransmitting is not permitted if license not valid renewed and appear

53、s on the FCC ULS databaseGrace period is 2 years with re-examination no transmitting permitted during this time frame第44页，共88页。Element 2 Technician Class Question PoolT1Valid July 1, 2006ThroughJune 30, 2010第45页，共88页。46T1A01 Who is an amateur operatoras defined in Part 97? A person named in an amate

54、ur operator/primary license grant in the FCC ULS databaseA person who has passed a written license examinationThe person named on the FCC Form 605 ApplicationA person holding a Restricted Operating Permit第46页，共88页。47T1A02 What is one of the basic purposes of the Amateur Radio Service as defined in P

55、art 97? To support teaching of amateur radio classes in schools To provide a voluntary noncommercial communications service to the public, particularly in times of emergency To provide free message service to the publicTo allow the public to communicate with other radio services 第47页，共88页。48T1A03 Wh

56、at classes of US amateur radio licenses may currently be earned by examination?Novice, Technician, General, AdvancedTechnician, General, AdvancedTechnician, General, ExtraTechnician, Tech Plus, General第48页，共88页。49T1A04 Who is a Volunteer Examiner?A certified instructor who volunteers to examine amat

57、eur teaching manualsAn FCC employee who accredits volunteers to administer amateur license examsAn amateur accredited by one or more VECs who volunteers to administer amateur license examsAny person who volunteers to examine amateur station equipment第49页，共88页。50T1A05 How long is a CSCE valid for lic

58、ense upgrade purposes?365 daysUntil the current license expiresIndefinitelyUntil two years following the expiration of the current license第50页，共88页。51T1A06 How many and what class of Volunteer Examiners are required to administer an Element 2 Technician written exam?Three Examiners holding any class

59、 of licenseTwo Examiners holding any class of licenseThree Examiners holding a Technician Class licenseThree Examiners holding a General Class license or higher第51页，共88页。52T1A07 Who makes and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States?The Congress of the United StatesThe F

60、ederal Communications Commission The Volunteer Examiner Coordinators The Federal Bureau of Investigation 第52页，共88页。53T1A08 What are two of the five fundamental purposes for the Amateur Radio Service?To protect historical radio data, and help the public understand radio historyTo aid foreign countrie