英语长难句结构分析含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句

1、-. z.英语长难句构造分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷长难句)英语中句子最根本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种根本句式转换而来。五种根本句式如下：1主语谓语(不及物动词)2主语谓语(及物动词)宾语3主语系动词表语4主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语5主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语此外还有特殊句式如there be-, 强调句，倒装句等。但是在真实的语言环境中，句子构造远非这么简单。复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂介词短语，还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。高考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现构造复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇文段的理解。另外，新高考将包括两个写作

2、题：读后续写(概要写作)和应用文写作。在评分标准中把尽力使用较复杂语法构造视为是否得高分的标准之一。因此，学会分析长难句显得格外重要。一个句子之所以成为长难句，就是因为句子各局部成分和构造复杂，具体说就是句中出现了复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂修饰语(介词短语、非谓语动词、定语和状语)以及各种从句等。下面分类解析：复杂主语包括以下情形：含有连词如and, both.and., either.or., neither.nor., not only.but (also), as well as；非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语构造做主语等。如：Those who were highest in

3、 status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.(2019高考全国卷阅读理解D) (as well as 连接those who.与those least liked .做主语)The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an ani

4、mal and watch it go through the agony(痛苦) of dying can make nobody happy. (动词不定式to do构造做主语)Connecting to the munity社区as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. (2019高考全国卷阅读理解B) (-ing形式做主语)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep re

5、lationships wouldnt even e*ist if it werent for casual conversation. (2018全国卷阅读理解D) (-ing形式做主语)What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. (2019高考全国卷阅读理解B) (主语从句充当主语)Shackleton,a onetime British merchant-navy officerwhohad got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908,starteda b

6、usiness.(2016全国甲卷阅读理解D) (同位语构造做主语)主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔Mr. Robbins, together with his wife and children, is leaving London for Paris. Some peoplethinkthatthe great Chinese scholar Confucius,wholived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influencedthe development of chopsticks.( 2016全国丙卷语法填空)Frank Hurley, a

7、confident and gifted Australian photographerwho knew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D)According to the reports key findings, the proportion(比例)who say they never or hardly ever read for funhas gone from 8 percent of 13-year-

8、olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.(2018全国卷阅读C)The womansitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up. (2016全国甲卷完形填空)复杂表语包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。One (reason) was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better

9、after seeing a doctor. (2019高考全国卷短文改错)(表语从句中还含有一个同位语从句)The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. (2018全国卷阅读C) (表语从句中还含有while并列句)复杂宾语包括非谓语动词、(并列)宾语从句(介词后和动词后)等。Dr. Prinstein has also f

10、ound that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness-carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.(2019全国卷阅读理解D) (宾语从句中含有定语从句)Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple t

11、rees getting bitten by insectssend outa particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017全国卷阅读理解D)(宾语从句中含有-ing形式和定语从句)In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT how we plan to apply = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT what we would learn in class to

12、 our future professions and ,eventually, to our lives. (2018全国卷完形填空) ( = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是介词on所带的宾语从句， = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是动词apply所带的宾语从句)A*ani wrote in his post = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT that he is not looking for anything in return and = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT that the woman who uses the e

13、*tra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own. (2017全国卷完形填空) (wrote带有2个由that引导的宾语从句，第 = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 个宾语从句含有who引导的定语从句)复杂定语包括非谓语动词、形容词短语、介词短语、(多个)定语从句等。Its an amazing acplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals,

14、 corporations, and other social organizations. (2017全国卷阅读理解A)(省略了that/which的定语从句)To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in e*istence, such as Decio which

15、was grown by the Romans.(2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解C) (who引导定语从句)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandasrescued from starvation in the wild. (2016全国新课标乙卷语法填空) (when引导的定语从句中含有-ed

16、形式和-ing形式做定语)Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park，staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.(2018全国卷阅读A) (where引导定语从句)Readers also tended to share articles = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT that were e*citing or funny, or = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORM

17、AT that inspired negative feelings like anger or an*iety, but not articles = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT that left them merely sad.( 2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解D) (含有三个that引导的定语从句)Also, it is not unmon any more to find carpenters (木匠)with college degrees and carpenters with a solid knowledge of mathematics,which woul

18、d enable them to deal with more difficult house designs. (含有两个with介词短语做定语和which引导的定语从句)Now, using teeth and bone pieces taken from the babys grave, scientists have pared the DNA from the Unknown Child with thosecollected from members of five families who lost relatives on the Titanic and never recov

19、ered the bodies.(含有两个-ed形式做定语和who引导的定语从句)复杂同位语(同位语从句)While they are rare north of 88, there is evidencethat they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. (2019全国卷语法填空)The friendship that grew out of the e*perience of making that film and The Sting four years late

20、r had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.(2017全国卷阅读理解B)(that引导同位语从句，同位语从句部含有although引导的状语从句)We shared the beliefthat if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newmans Own fo

21、od and his Hole inthe Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.(2017年全国卷阅读理解B)(that引导同位语从句，同位语从句部含有if引导的状语从句)复杂状语包括介词短语、非谓语动词、(多个)状语从句等。Withthe college entrance e*aminationaround the corner, all the students are occupied with their revision.(

22、with介词短语做状语)By translating the rich and humourous te*t of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL(英式手语),Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeares edy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.(2017全国卷阅读

23、理解A) (两个by介词短语做状语)When bined with berries or slices of other fruits,frozen bananas make an e*cellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat ice cream.(2018全国卷阅读B) (-ed形式做状语)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named Dri

24、veLAB in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. (2017全国卷阅读理解D) (动词不定式to do做状语) = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT when I learned that Browns Grove Farm

25、is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where luckily for me I was planning to have dinner that very night.(2015全国新课标阅读理解B) (as和when引导状语从句)It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion pass

26、enger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.(2014全国新课标阅读理解B) (when引导状语从句中，含有-ing形式做状语)Given that many peoples moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate,it was probably onl

27、y a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine. (2013全国新课标阅读理解C) (-ed形式做状语, before引导状语从句)In a second study presented at the meeting, scientists from the UK and Denmark showed that even a few days of high temperatures can severely reduce product

28、ion of crops, such as wheat, soya beans, rice and groundnuts(花生), if it occurswhen the plants are flowering. (卷) (if 和when引导状语从句)According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly prob

29、able that the two pets will get along swimmingly.2011卷B(两个if 引导并列状语从句)多个从句且从句套从句He likes = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT with whom hes on a first-name basis = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT if he wants to have a little inte

30、raction交流.(2019高考全国卷阅读理解C)( = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是宾语从句， = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是定语从句， = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是状语从句)For this courier job, youre consciously aware = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT that in that bo* youve got something = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT thatis potentially going to save somebodys life.(

31、 2016全国乙卷阅读理解C) ( = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是宾语从句， = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是定语从句)Therefore, = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT what may be implied (暗示) is = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT that the person wants the listener to

32、 consider = 4 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT what has been said before continuing.( 2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解D) ( = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是状语从句， = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是主语从句， = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是表语从句， = 4 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是宾语从句) = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT If someone knocks and its not an important matter, e*cuse y

33、ourself and let the person know = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT youre busyso they can get the hint (暗示 = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT that = 4 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.(2017全国卷阅读七选五) ( = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是状语从句， = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是宾语从句， = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMA

34、T 是同位语从句， = 4 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是状语语从句)But you cant be successful = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT when theres a lack of trust in a relationship = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT that results from an action = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fi* the mistake.(2015全国新课标阅读七选五) ( = 1

35、* GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是状语从句， = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是定语从句， = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是定语从句)Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT who had gathered around me were arguing as to = 3 * G

36、B3 * MERGEFORMAT who should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. (2007高考卷) ( = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是宾语从句， = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是定语从句， = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是宾语从句)Studies show = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT that social science majors are most suited for change, = 2 * GB3 * MERGEF

37、ORMAT which is the leading feature of the kind of high speed, high pressure, high-tech world = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT we now live in. ( = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是宾语从句， = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是定语从句， = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是定语从句)It is important = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT because it shows = 2 * GB3 * MERG

38、EFORMAT that regular physical e*ercise enables us to make better use of the o*ygen = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT we breathe in and = 4 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT that this training, in fact, reduces the amount of work = 5 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT our hearts do. (卷) ( = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是状语从句， = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFO

39、RMAT 是宾语从句， = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是定语从句， = 4 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是并列宾语从句， = 5 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 是定语从句)复杂并列句(包含从句)The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.(2019

40、高考全国卷阅读理解D)We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player,butI often had crazy dreamsin whichI was to blame for Millers accident.(2016全国丙卷完形填空)Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when theyre in poorly lit places and so more like

41、ly to eat lots of food.(2015全国新课标阅读理解B)When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their beautiful shapes on the clear evening sky, but sometimes when it is cloudless, gray steam gathers around the top of the mountains which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will shine and light up like a crown of glory. (2