英汉翻译3减词切分合并

1、Chapter 2 Translation Techniques12.4 Omission (减译)Omission is to cut off the unnecessary words, or words groups which are necessary in the source language but redundant in the target language in the process of translating so as to make the translated version more readable.减词是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省

2、的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。减词一般用于以下两种情况：一是从语法角度进行减省；二是从修饰角度进行减省。1. I know my friends from the feel of their faces.我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。 2omission2. These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 这些发展中国家土地辽阔、人口众多、资源丰富。（原文中的动词 cover

3、, encompass 和 abound in 如一一译出，则显得 噜嗦 ，采用省略译法则使译文简明畅达。） 3. 调查以问卷和访谈方式进行。Questionnaires and interviews were used in our investigation.3omission4. You cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if you dont know how to make a design or how to read it.不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能造船、架桥或盖房子。5. 我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力。We must c

4、ultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.6. These uses are based on the fact that silicon is semi-conductor of electricity.这些用途就是根据硅是半导体这一事实。4omission7. If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.得寸进尺。8. 中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。The people of China have always been courageous enough to pro

5、be into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.9. 我们必须杜绝工作中的浪费现象。We must put an end to waste in our work.5omission10. 他从小就认真读书，刻苦学习。He worked hard at his studies since his early childhood.11. 台湾海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are of the same flesh and bl

6、ood.12. 如果你觉得合适就干，不合适就不干，你自个儿看着办吧。Go ahead if you think the job suits you and dont if not. Its all up to you to decide.13. Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water.冰是固体，如果加热，就融化成水。 6omission14. There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grasswas dead.天未下雪，但叶落草枯。15.

7、Its better to do well than to say well.说得好不如做得好 (省略形式主语) 716. She said, with perfect truth, that “it must be delighted to have a brother”, and easily got the pity of tender-hearted Amelia, for being alone in the world, an orphan without friends or kindred. (Vanity Fair)她说道,”有个哥哥该多好”。这话说得入情入理。她既没爹没娘，

8、又没亲没友，真是孤苦伶仃。软心肠的阿米丽亚听了，立刻觉得她可怜。(省略介词,形式主语和连接词)8omission17. A good thing is known only within ones family, but a bad thing is known far and wide.好事不出门，坏事传千里。18. Anyone who doesnt recognize this fact is not a materialist.不承认这个事实，就不是唯物主义者。19. Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentleman like.槟利先生风度翩翩，彬彬

9、有礼。9omission20. He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind us.背后说我们好话的人才是好朋友。21. It is about 170 million kilometers from the earth to the sun.地球至太阳大约相距一亿七千万公里。22. In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king.盲人之邦，独眼称王。23. If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两兔，全都抓不住。

10、24. When the cat is away, the mice will play.猫儿不在，鼠儿作怪。10omission25. I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a totalstranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat came in totake me to the port for which

11、 I was bound.我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人，向他宣布我得住在他家、吃他的、喝他的，一直等到下一班船到来，把我带到我要去的港口为止想到这儿，我真有点不好意思了。(这里，如把 sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink hiswhisky直译为睡在他的屋顶下、吃他的食物、喝他的威士忌，会使语言极为繁冗，不够精练。译文采用减省译法处理原文，既准确地传达了原意，又使行文简洁，气韵十足，一气呵成。)11omission26. Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Althoug

12、h the leaves are gone and the braches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.冬天是研究树木生长的最好的季节，虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却是美丽的。27. When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。28.Most of the people who appear mos

13、t often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers 史书上最经常出现、最为显赫的人物，大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和军事家。 （省略连词、介词、冠词和关系代词） 12omission省略法基本上是出于译文语言习惯和语法的需要,不省去这些词语,译文就显得拖沓,甚至会出现画蛇添足的结果.省略法要求译者对译文有驾轻就熟的运用能力.132.5 CombinationCombination is to put several different parts of a

14、discourse which are connected logically into one unified word/phrase/sentence in translation so as to make the translated version more readable and concise in the target language system.1. He was shocked. Never before had anyone come alone, on foot, to his fathers cabin.他大为震惊,因为过去从来没有人孤身步行去过他父亲的小木屋.

15、14Reasons for combination: a. The sharp different information amount contained in one sentence between English and Chinese Language. Generally speaking, English sentences are much longer and more complicated than Chinese sentences, which implies that an English sentence can transfer more information

16、 than a Chinese one. Thereby, its necessary and possible for a translator to render the meaning conveyed by several Chinese sentences into one English sentence in C-E translation. Similarly, in rendering some colloquial English sentences which are short and linked logically with each other, translat

17、ors can also translate the whole meaning into one Chinese sentence.15 b. The second reason is the different language habits between Chinese and English on basis of which a sentence in the original language can be condensed as a part of sentence which usually functions as an adverbial attributive or

18、appositive. 16combination2. Happiness is like manna; it is to be gathered and enjoyed every day.幸福犹如甘露，要天天采集才能日日享用。3. She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also goodat solving problems.她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力，还善于解决问题。174. There was no snow, the leaves were gone, the grass was dead. 天未下雪，但叶落

19、草枯。5. That day, the President had an interview with her father. Her father was going to the moon by space-shuttle.那天总统会见了她父亲, 因为她的父亲即将乘航天飞机去月球.6. Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to the front.夜幕降临时,一声爆炸震动了大地,可并没有动摇他上前线的决心.18combination7. She went back home

20、 to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill.她回家去照料病重的丈夫.8. It was April 1945. The Second World War was coming to an end.1945年4月,第二次世界大战已经接近尾声.9. Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the second world war.她的父亲,二次世界大战中的杀人犯,竟当上了这个城市的市长.1910. We are going to have to be pre

21、pared to operate with people who arenuts.我们将不得不应付那些难对付的家伙。11. Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferiorto Miss Marthas.许多条件远不如玛莎的人都已结了婚。12. 你怎么能过河拆桥、忘恩负义呢？How can you kick down the ladder?20combination13. 他决心洗心革面、脱胎换骨。He is determined to turn over a new leaf.14. They smiled,

22、 shook hands, parted.他们微笑着握手告别。15. One may have to learn to live with pain, but theres one thing you never have to live without. Hope. 一个人可能必须学会忍着痛苦活下去，但有一样东西是你活着决不能缺的，那就是希望。 （并列复合句与简单句合并） 21combination 16. 贾琏见他去了,只得回来瞧凤姐.谁知凤姐已醒了,听他和鸳鸯借当. As soon as she had gone Jia Lian went in to see Xifeng, who h

23、ad woken up and heard him ask for a loan from Yuanyang. 17. I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the seashore. I have amused myself by now and then finding a smooth pebble or a pretty shell, but the great ocean of truth still lies before me unknown and unexplored. 看来我只是象个在海边玩耍的孩子，不时拣起一块小小的

24、卵石，一片美丽的贝壳，聊以自慰，而横在我面前的真理的海洋，却还有待于发现和探索。 （简单句与并列句合并） 222.6 Division （切分）Division is to separate the whole sentence into two or more parts in rendering when a translator finds its hard to keep the original language structure intact and that he has to explain the meaning of the source language text on

25、e by one.23Reasons for divisionIts difficult for the translator to retain together the meaning and the form of some words and phrases in translating when they are used as adverbial or contributive which convey subtle and copious meanings of the original writer. This implies that the translator can d

26、o nothing but to subdivide the meanings into several parts and iterate subsequently. 24Reasons for divisionb) The sharp difference between English and Chinese way of organizing text: Hypotactics vs. Paratactics. The English language is characterized with the dependent or subordinate construction or

27、relationship of clauses with connectives, which implies that English sentences can be prolonged to express intricate thoughts or ideas. While the Chinese language is featured with the arrangement of clauses one after another without connectives showing the relation between them.25Division 1. Law enf

28、orcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.司法部门如果对此不闻不问，那就是失职。2. All this had come to an end in 1905 when the medical mission was dissolved and several of Mothers colleagues were killed in theuprising.1905年，这一切都宣布结束了。在一次暴动中，妈妈的几个同事牺牲了，医疗队也解散了。3. One day, while out on the bleak moors, Pip is startled by

29、 ahulking, menacing man who threatens him if he does not bring him somefood immediately.匹普外出在阴冷的荒原上游荡时，一个魁梧、凶狠的男子把他吓了一跳。这个男子威胁他，让他立即为他送些食物来。 26Division4. Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle.黎明时分，大雾弥漫，细雨蒙蒙。5. But another round of war in the region clearly would put strainson international rela

30、tions.但是，如果该地区再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。 6. The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easytask.军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁它并不怎么费事。 7. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复, 这不足为奇.278. There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense th

31、an to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride. 最令女主人失望的是,她花了许多心神或费用来招待客人,可是这位客人只顾津津有味地与她的丈夫谈政治谈生意,却没注意到香喷喷的

32、咖啡,松软的糕点,或房间内讲究的陈设.而这些却可能是她感兴趣并引已自豪的主要所在.28 We wanted to avoid the mistake made by many couples of marrying for the wrong reasons, and only finding out ten, twenty, or thirty years later that they were incompatible, that they hardly took the time to know each other, that they overlooked serious pers

33、onality conflicts in the expectation that marriage was an automatic way to make everything work out right. 许多夫妻因为错误的理由结了婚, 结果在10年、20年或30年后才发觉他们原来是合不来的。他们在婚前几乎没有花时间去互相了解，他们忽视了严重的性格差异，指望婚姻会自然而然地解决各种问题。我们希望避免重蹈覆辙。299. We recognize that Chinas long-term modernization programunderstandably and necessaril

34、y emphasizes economic growth.我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。10. It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO.人类最后必将解开飞碟之谜。这一点是可以肯定的。3011. After the war, his friend got him a job as an instructor in an Army training school that paid $10,000 a year.大战结束后，他的朋友介绍他到一所军事训练学校去任教，年

35、薪一万美金。 12. George nodded, thankful that his wife was not the talkative kind.乔治点点头，他妻子不是那种絮絮叨叨的人，对此他心存感激。31Division13. I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a totalstranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till ano

36、ther boat came in totake me to the port for which I was bound.我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人，向他宣布我得住在他家、吃他的、喝他的，一直等到下一班船到来，把我带到我要去的港口为止想到这儿，我真有点不好意思了。(这里，如把 sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink hiswhisky直译为睡在他的屋顶下、吃他的食物、喝他的威士忌，会使语言极为繁冗，不够精练。译文采用减省译法处理原文，既准确地传达了原意，又使行文简洁，气韵十足，一气呵成。)14. Then and there he named the startled General lying wounded on hiscot the new Commander in Chief of the Airforce他就在当时当地任命这位躺在榻上治伤的将军为空军总司令，使这位将军吃了一惊。 32Division15. Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who wouldnever think of themselves as law-