2022暑期预习八上语法形容词副词人教版英语八上

1、2022暑期八上语法预习形容词和副词用法一 形容词的定义及句法功能 1.用作定语，修饰名词或代词。（1）形容词修饰名词时，一般置于它所修饰的名词之前； 例如：She has beautiful hair. 她长着漂亮的头发。 Mary gave me a useful box. 玛丽给我一个实用的盒子。注意：由连字符连接起来的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式。例如：an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩（2） 形容词修饰由some,any,every,no等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。例如：Will you please tell us something interes

2、ting?你给我们说一些有趣的事好吗？Theres nothing special in the box.盒子里没有什么特别的东西。2.用作表语，位于系动词之后。 例：The park is very beautiful.这座公园很美。The soup smells delicious.汤闻上去真鲜美。That sounds good.那听上去不错。用作宾语补足语，紧跟在宾语后面。例如：Keep the classroom clean and tidy,please.请保持教室干净整洁。Kate found her work very boring.凯特发现她的工作很枯燥。4.有些形容词和定冠

3、词the连用，叫做名词化的形容词，常用来泛指一类人，表示复数概念。例如：The old are taken good care of in our country.在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。二 副词的定义及句法功能 1.副词在句中的作用。（1）用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词和整句。例：Its very cold in winter here.这里冬天很冷。2.副词作状语时在句子中的位置。（1）修饰动词，多置于动词之后，如有宾语，则置于宾语之后。 例：Please read carefully. 请仔细地阅读。 Please read the book carefully. 请认真阅读那本

4、书。（2）频率副词often,always, never, seldom等通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词、系动词、be动词、助动词之后。 例：Jenny often comes to school early,but her classmate Jim is often late. 詹尼经常很早到校，但是她的同学吉姆经常迟到。 注意：方式副词well, badly, hard等只能放在句尾。例：He speaks English well.他英语讲得很好。（3）修饰形容词、副词，置于被修饰词之前。 例：The box is too heavy. 这个箱子太重。 Tom owns a very

5、nice house. 汤姆有一座很漂亮的房子。 注意：enough修饰形容词、副词时，要置于被修饰词之后。 例：The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个男孩到了上学的年纪了。 He ran fast enough to catch the train. 他跑的足够快，赶上了火车。三 形容词、副词的比较等级 形容词、副词有三个等级，分别为原级、比较级、最高级。1.形容词、副词比较等级的构成。（1）形容词、副词比较等级的规则变化如下表： 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-estlongtall longertall

6、er longest tallest以字母-e结尾的词，加-r或-stlargenice larger nicer largest nicest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，先变y为i，再加-er或-estbusyheavyfunnyearly busier heavier funnier earlier busiest heaviest funniest earliest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母结尾时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-estbighotfat bigger hotter fatter biggest hottest fattest多音节和部分双音节词在原级前加more或mos

7、tusefulbeautifulquicklyslowlymore usefulmore beautifulmore quicklymore slowlymost usefulmost beautifulmost quicklymost slowly （2）形容词、副词比较等级的不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better bestbad/badly/ill worse worst little less least many/much more most far farther/furtherfarthest/furthest old older/elderoldes

8、t/eldest 2.形容词、副词比较等级的用法。（1）原级常用于“as+原级+as”结构，表示一方和另一方程度相同，意思是“和一样”。 例：Jenny is nearly as tall as her mother. 詹尼差不多和她妈妈一样高了。（2）比较级常用于“比较级+than”结构，表示“两者比较，一方超过另一方”。 例：Tom is younger than me.汤姆比我年轻。 四 练一练1把下列词语变成比较级bad- busy- big- hot- easy- little- fast - long- hard- far -many- happy- careful- good-

9、difficult- Heavy- slow- few- far- quickly-2汉译英完成句子本书跟那本书一样有趣.This book is _ _ _ that one.你游泳没有你弟弟好You cant swim _ _ _ your brother.今天比昨天冷的多.It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday.对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多.This story is_ _ _ than that one他比我大两岁.He is _ _ _ than I.这个故事不如那个有趣.This story isnt _ _ _ than that one.她的身体状况

10、一天天好起来.He is getting _ _ _ every day.他对英语越来越感兴趣.He is becoming _ _ _ _ _ English.他吃的越多,人越胖.The more he eats,the _ he gets.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个.Your question is _ _ of the two。3.单项选择( )1. Jack, your hands are very _. Wash them now. A. tidy B. dirty C. dark( )2. The news made us very_. All of us began talki

11、ng_.A. happy, happy B. happy, happilyC.happily, happily( )3. This coat is too _. Can you show me a cheaper one?What about the blue one? Its cheap. A. expensive B. cheap C. beautiful( )4. In our exam, the_ careful we are, the _mistakes well make. A. more, more B. more, fewer C. less, fewer ( )5. Jack

12、s brother doesnt work so _as Jack. A. harder B. hard C. hardly( )6. The food on the plate smells _. You cant eat it. A. delicious B. badly C. bad( )7.- What delicious bread! - Thats right. It will taste _ with butter. A. bad B.well C. better( )8.-Would you like some milk in your tea? - Yes, but just _. A. a few B. much C. a little( )9.- Im