英语专业英译汉-第九章分句、合句法

1、8/13/2022分句、合句法 Division and Combination8/13/2022 英语和汉语在句子结构上存在差异，这种差异包括词、短语、句子等的时间和空间顺序，也包括表达内容和形式方面的不同。在翻译时，需要对原来的句子结构进行调整。 通过分句法和合句法的学习，抛弃原来逐字逐句翻译的习惯，初步掌握这两种翻译技巧，并能够运用到翻译实践中去。8/13/2022定义分句法-把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。合句法-把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。8/13/2022把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。 1.

2、 副词 eg. The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. 中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。 8/13/20221）Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution. 她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合情理。2)They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 他们没有回答，这完全是意料之中的事。3)Theoretically, this is a marvelou

3、s piece of scientific writing. 从理论上看，那是一篇了不起的科学论文。 8/13/20222. 形容词Eg. That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。 The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible-about one in four. 大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。8/13/20223. 名词1. He sh

4、ook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。2. The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants. 每个帐篷内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。8/13/2022 把原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。1. 分词短语Eg. They were at home in the home of the people,

5、moving confidently without fear. 他们在群众家里感到自在，行动时心里踏实，无忧无虑。8/13/20221) She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen. 她坐在那儿双手拖着下巴，眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。2) He was lying on his side watching her. 他侧身躺着。双目凝视着她。8/13/2022Eg. I wrote four books in the first three years, a record

6、never touched before. 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。8/13/20221）The station chief would have to be close to the director, a member of the inner circle. 这位站长就得接近董事，因为董事是核心集团的成员。2）The hospital was already spreading a fame for its food. 这个医院伙食好，这点已远近闻名了。 8/13/2022Eg. Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加

7、了，力量也随之增强。1.He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 他来到华盛顿，就国际形式来说，时机正合适。2. Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe. 医生和伤病员常常谈起一种神奇的药物，而且谈时几乎都带着一种敬畏的口气。8/13/2022 3. The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach. 答案一直摆在那里，可（他）就是没有拿到

8、手。8/13/2022Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。 （在主谓连接处拆译）8/13/2022 并列复合句拆译并列英语复合句常常在分句连接处加以切分，译成两个或两个以上的句子。The recruitment of Chinese labor was not universally accepted in the racially conscious 19th century America and some white workers were u

9、nsettled by their appearance in large numbers.译文：在种族意识十分强烈的19 世纪的美国，招募中国劳工的做法并非普遍为人们所接受。由于工地上出现大批中国劳工，某些白人工人感到心绪不安。（在连词and 处切分）8/13/2022 主从复合句的分译 英语复合句汉译时常在分句连接处加以切分，分译成两个或两个以上的句子。 1. A bankable actor is one with whose name a producer can raise enough money to make a film. 译文：所谓“摇钱树”的演员就是指这样一种演员：制片人

10、只需抬出其大名来就可以筹措到足够摄制一部影片的经费。 （在with whose 前切分） 2. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. 译文：我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻名世界的。 （在定语从句前拆译） 8/13/2022 把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。 1.Sometimes Mrs. Cross would be walking arou

11、nd in the big kitchen watching him eat. 有时，克罗斯太太一面在大厨房踱来踱去，一面看他吃饭。 2.She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success. 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。8/13/20223.But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations. 但是，如果该地区再次发

12、生战争，显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。4.His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。8/13/20225.The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees. 屋后是个宽敞的院子，大部分都给果实累累的果树占据了。 6. David opened the door, and Arthur went out into the rain. 大卫把门打

13、开，亚瑟走出去，冒着雨。7. He wanted to tell John how surprised he was at his knowledge but embarrassment made him hold his peace. 他想告诉约翰，他没有料到他的知识有这么渊博，但是觉得有些不好意思，没有说出口。8/13/2022分句法（一）把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。（二）把原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。（三）把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。8/13/2022Exercises 1）Film

14、s, gramophone records and magnetic tapes will provide them with a bewildering amount of information. 2) She had such a kindly, smiling, tender-gentle, generous heart of her own, .3) One bad winter we watch the river creep up the lower meadows.4) It seemed to him unquestionable that fortunately he ha

15、d been permitted to look upon one of the worlds really great men.5) But at this instant the men, the spectators awoke from their stone-like poses and crowded forward sympathetically.8/13/20225) But at this instant the men, the spectators awoke from their stone-like poses and crowded forward sympathe

16、tically.6) They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.7) I saw the vague figures of the watch grouped in the waist, gazing in awed silence.8) I had others excited by what I saw and yet feeling like a souvenir-hunter I decided to write.9) We drove to the south of France, taking turns with the dri

17、ving.8/13/20229) We drove to the south of France, taking turns with the driving.10) Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound.11) At last he became nothing, a delightful, useless young man with a perfect face and no profession.12) She treated that lady with ever

18、y demonstration of cool respect, .8/13/202212) She treated that lady with every demonstration of cool respect, .13) But then he was wonderfully good-looking, with his brown hair, his clear-cut face, and his grey eyes.14)It was a town of sighs and silences, with none of the studied advertisements of

19、sorrow.15) His arms holding her had a tendency to tighten around her, so he leaned back and began to talk thoughtfully into the air.8/13/202215) His arms holding her had a tendency to tighten around her, so he leaned back and began to talk thoughtfully into the air.16) The end justifies the means.17

20、) The little chaps good-natured honest face won his for him.18）Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion. 8/13/2022Exercises 1）Films, gramophone records and magnetic tapes will provide them with a bewildering amount of information. 电影、唱片和录音磁带给他们提供大量资料，这样使他们感到不知所措。2) She had such a kindly, smi

21、ling, tender-gentle, generous heart of her own, . 她心地厚道，性格温柔，气量又大，为人又乐观.3) One bad winter we watch the river creep up the lower meadows. 一年冬天，天气恶劣，我们看着河水漫过低洼的草地。8/13/20224) It seemed to him unquestionable that fortunately he had been permitted to look upon one of the worlds really great men.他觉得自己得以瞻

22、仰了一位世界上真正伟大的人物，确是三生有幸。5) But at this instant the men, the spectators awoke from their stone-like poses and crowded forward sympathetically.这当儿，原来呆若木鸡，在一旁观看的人们如梦初醒，露出同情的神色，一齐拥上前来。8/13/20226) They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇。8/13/20227) I saw the vague figures of the watc

23、h grouped in the waist, gazing in awed silence.我看到值班水手模模糊糊的的身影一起挤到了中部甲板上，他们都惊得目瞪口呆。8) I had others excited by what I saw and yet feeling like a souvenir-hunter I decided to write.我有别的想法。我为所见的一切而激动，同时也不无留此存照的想法我决定搞写作。8/13/20229) We drove to the south of France, taking turns with the driving.我们驾车到法国南部

24、去，途中轮流开车。10) Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound.她的身影依然无处不在，时时都触痛着旧日的创伤。8/13/202211) At last he became nothing, a delightful, useless young man with a perfect face and no profession.最后他啥也不是，成了愉快而无用的小伙子，脸孔漂亮，却没有职业。12) She treated that lady with every demons

25、tration of cool respect, .她对那位夫人不冷不热，不错规矩。8/13/202213) But then he was wonderfully good-looking, with his brown hair, his clear-cut face, and his grey eyes.但另一方面，他却是长得特别漂亮，头发是棕黄色的，脸很清秀，眼睛是灰色的。14)It was a town of sighs and silences, with none of the studied advertisements of sorrow.全城一片叹息，一片沉默，但是谁也没有

26、故意流露出悲痛的神情。8/13/202215) His arms holding her had a tendency to tighten around her, so he leaned back and began to talk thoughtfully into the air.他搂着她，双臂不由自主地收紧，因此，他就往后一靠，望着天空，若有所思地开始谈了起来。8/13/202216) Marys kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her fathers callous behavior.玛丽是个温和善良的好人，对她父亲

27、这种冷酷无情的行为，实在看不顺眼。17) The end justifies the means.只要目的正确，用哪种方法都无关紧要。8/13/202218) The little chaps good-natured honest face won his for him.这小伙子长相老实，脾气也好，到处有人缘。19) Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion. 经过调查，我们得出了上述的结论。8/13/2022二合句法合并法亦称并句法或合句法。合并法多用于英语简单句子的翻译，特别是两个或两个以上的英语句子共用相同的主语的时候，由于汉语

28、不喜欢重复主语，也不喜欢用代词作主语，不如把几句话串联成汉语的一句话（孙致礼，2003：93）。在汉译英过程中，合并法就是把两个或两个以上的汉语句子加以合并，译成一个英语句子；也可指把一个汉语复合句合并为一个英语简单句。8/13/2022 词的合译1) You will supply financial power, and well supply man power. Isnt that fair and square?你们出钱，我们出人，这难道还不公平吗？2) His father is a man who forgives and forgets. 他的父亲非常宽容。3) Her son

29、 was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish. 她的儿子非常聪明，可女儿却很笨。8/13/20224) He suffered aches and pains. 他遭受百般疼痛。5) He is a man of culture and learning. 他是个很有学问的人。6) I hate all these hustle and bustle. 我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。 8/13/2022（一）把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句（Simple sentence）译成一个单句。 8/13/2022Poets as

30、we know have always made a great use of alliteration. They are persuaded that the repetition of a sound gives an effect of beauty.我们知道，诗人一般总喜欢押头韵，觉得重复一个声音会产生美的效果。 （原文两句都比较短，且有相同的主语译文合成一句，语气较顺。）8/13/2022 1）He was very clean. His mind was open.译文：他为人单纯而坦率。2）There are men here from all over the country

31、. Many of them are from the South.译文：从全国各地来的人中有许多是南方人。3） His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea.译文：他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨开小铺。8/13/20225) It was half past ten. Sarie watched the path anxiously.译文：十点半钟的时候，莎丽焦急地朝着小路张望。 6) That was long ago. A very

32、long time ago. Almost 30 years ago.译文：那件事发生在很久很久以前，将近三十年了。 8/13/20227) He would miss many things and many people. He would miss Celia. 译文：他会想念许许多多往事、许许多多朋友、也会想念他的西莉亚。 8）The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.这个年轻人真惨，已落到身无分文的地步，因为他的全部积蓄都被偷了。8/13/2

33、022（二）把原文中的主从复合句（Complex sentence）译成一个单句。 1）When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.译文：我在谈判时总有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。8/13/20222）When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。3）Im blest if I know.译文：我一点也不知道。 4) He stood on t

34、he curb till a car shot by.译文：他站在路边等车飞快地开过去。8/13/2022 5) While he washed, he heard the doorbell.译文：他洗澡时听到了门铃声。6) When I came to the summit, I became very excited.译文：到达山顶时我非常兴奋。7) If we do a thing, we should do it well.译文：我们要干就要干好。8/13/2022（三）把原文中的并列复合句（Compound sentence）译成一个单句。 1）From Florence the r

35、iver Arno ran down to Pisa, and then it reached the sea.译文：阿诺河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨入海。 2）In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.译文：1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成了朋友。3）The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light.译文：十点三十分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。8/13/2022）It was 1953, and I had just come from Kilkelly, Ireland, to

36、seek my fortune. 译文：一九五三年，我刚从爱尔兰的克尔克勒来此找出路。）It was an LST, and it was already nearly loaded with trucks and armored cars.译文：这是一艘几乎已装满了卡车和装甲车的坦克登陆艇。）It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.译文：八月中旬，修理人员在骄阳下工作。8/13/2022Exercises 8/13/20221. Two or more simple sentenc

37、es into one1) Syme had vanished. A morning came. And he was missing from work. Syme失踪了。第二天早晨也不见他来工作。2) Then he tried selling drink. But that was of no use.于是他又试图卖酒，也无济于事。8/13/20223) It was a hot day. The men in the office were working in their shirt-sleeves.天气很热，办公室里的人只穿着衬衫。4) It was on the early mo

38、rning of April 2, 1971. The pilots were briefed in the ready room. 1971年4月2日清晨，飞机驾驶员都在待命室接受飞行任务。8/13/20222. Compound Sentence into One Simple Sentence1) It was a raw, slushy morning of a late February day, and the great war President was just through with his solemn pronunciamento in regard to the b

39、onds.二月末， 一个阴寒而冰雪融化的早晨，这位伟大的战时总统刚刚对联邦问题发表了庄严的声明。8/13/20222) If you address the enquiries to an individual, your letter may have to wait while he is away. Or you make a mistake and address it to the wrong individual, and this will also mean delay.若把询价寄送给个人，如该人不在公司，信就会耽搁，或者，你可能把询价信寄错了人而势必延误。8/13/20223

40、) He had bought and sold shares for six months, but how could he succeed among experienced men?他干了半年股票买卖，怎么敌得过行家？8/13/20228/13/20223. Complex into Simple One1) It seemed to him that he was being very cool and logical and that she was putting him deliberately in the wrong.他觉得自己表现得极为冷静，讲道理，而她却在存心找茬儿。2

41、) Nature can produce children enough to make good any extremity of slaughter of which we are capable.大自然都能降生足够的婴儿来弥补那些被残杀的生灵。8/13/20223) However when he took up the brush he was a real master, and his pictures were eagerly sought after.可是他拿起画笔是真正的大师。他的画人们争相购买。4) In this much-travelled world, there a

42、re still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.旅游者的足迹遍及世界各地，但是，仍有许多地方是旅游者无法涉足的。8/13/20225) No one suspectec that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen.没有人会疑心在农场里还有一个他们从未见过的人。8/13/20227. Home after seven years. Home. The word had meant so much to him.家，阔别了七年

43、的家，这个字对他多亲切呀！8. While I came to the summit, I became very excited.到达山顶时我非常激动。9. He is dead and gone. 他的确死了。8/13/202210. She shook and trembled with fear. 她不停的发抖。11. We must reach our goals and aims. 我们必须达到目的。12. The room is cozy and comfortable. 这个房间非常舒适。13. She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill.她回家照料她病重的丈夫。8/13/202214. They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People came to and fro there. 他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看书。15. Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his determination