广东省2021中考英语第一部分语法精讲精练十二简单句课件

1、第十二节 简单句第一部分 语法精讲精练目录contents考点突破考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 课堂小测中考模拟演练考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四中考导航目录contents考点广东省卷近五年中考统计高频考点201220132014201520161.感叹句2. how引出的特殊疑问句3.祈使句4. There be句型目录contents考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，句子种类是考查的重点，主要考查祈使句、感叹句、there be句型及由how引出的特殊疑问词组的辨析，每年至少考查1道题目。为了高效复习，在这里我们重点讲解祈使句、感叹句、there be句型及特殊疑问词的辨析。2017年备

2、考时要能正确判断感叹句的引导词是What还是How，能正确选用由how引出的特殊疑问词组，以及祈使句的否定形式。目录contents考点预测:1.what引导的中心词为不可数名词的感叹句； 2.以Be开头的祈使句，或者否定祈使句。考点突破考点一 感叹句 考点二 how引出的特殊疑问词组考点三 There be句型目录contents考点1 感叹句Listen attentively考点1 感叹句()感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪。感叹句一般是由what或how开头。what用来强调名词，how则强调形容词、副词或动词。1.感叹句的基本句型(1)What(+a/an)+形容词+名

3、词+主语+谓语！What a clever boy he is!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊！ What cold weather it is!多冷的天气啊！What beautiful flowers they are!(它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！ What good news it is!多么好的消息啊！考点1 感叹句Listen attentively在感叹句中，what a/an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若该名词前面的形容词为元音音素开头，则用what an。what是用来修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。但有些不可数名词（rain,surprise,breakfast,lunch等）前面有形容词修

4、饰，从而使抽象名词具体化时，则要用what a/an。考点1 感叹句Listen attentively (2)How+形容词副词+主语+谓语！How kind you are!你心肠真好！ How fast they are working!他们干得真快啊！how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动词不提前。如：How well she dances!她跳得多好呀！（how 修饰动词）考点1 感叹句Listen attentively2.选用What和How的高效方法判断感叹句的引导词是What还是How。先把主谓+其他部分去掉，看最后一个词是名词用what，是形容词或副词用how。若没有主谓则看

5、句末一词而定。句末一词是名词用what，是形容词或副词用how。 What a smart man he is! (主谓是he is，把它们去掉，最后一词是man，名词，故用What) How excellent he is!(主谓是he is，把它们去掉，最后一词是excellent，形容词，故用How) What exciting news! (本句没有主谓，最后一词是news，名词，故用What)（ ）1.(2016广东)It is reported that cancer can be controlled at a temperature lower than 110 below z

6、ero.Really?_ nice surprise! A.How B.What C.What a D.What an（）5._ waste of time it is to spend too much time on computer games!A.How a B.What a C.What D.How C母题训练中考预测B考点1 感叹句Listen attentively（ ）2.(2015广东)So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds.

7、 _ he runs! A.How slow B.How fast C.What a slow D.What a fast （）6._ weather it is! We can go boating on the Dongchang Lake.A.How bad B.How good C.What good D.What badB母题训练中考预测C考点1 感叹句Listen attentively（ ）3.(2014广东) Do you know Wang Feng? He can remember 100 groups of numbers in five minutes.Yes._man

8、 he is!A.What a smartB.How smartC.What a stupidD.How stupid（）7._ beautiful flowers they are! Lets go to take some photos.A.What B.What aC.What an D.HowA母题训练中考预测A考点1 感叹句Listen attentively（ ）4.(2013广东)Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature last year._ excellent he is!A.How B.WhatC.What a D.What an（

9、）8._exciting news! Weve never had such a long vacation before.A.What B.What aC.What an D.HowA母题训练中考预测A考点1 感叹句Listen attentively考点2 how引出的特殊疑问词组Listen attentively考点2 how引出的特殊疑问词组()特殊疑问句是用疑问词引导的疑问句。它不用yes或no来回答，而应该根据实际情况用较为完整的句子作答。常用的特殊疑问词有:who，whom，whose，which，what，when，where，why，how以及how引出的词组how man

10、y，how long，how often，how soon,how far等。在这里重点讲讲how引出的词组的辨析。辨析：how引出的疑问词组(1)how often 意为“多久一次”，提问频率。表示频率的副词有always(总是), usually(通常), often(常常), sometimes/at times(有时), 考点2 how引出的特殊疑问词组Listen attentivelyseldom(很少、不常), hardly(几乎不), never(决不、从来不)等；短语有once a day/week/month/year.(每天、周、月或年一次)；twice a day/we

11、ek/month/year.(每天、周、月或年两次)；three times a day(每天三次)；与every开头的短语也表示频率，例如every day/week/month/year.(每天、周、月或年)；every five minutes(每五分钟)，every two hours(每两小时)等。考点2 how引出的特殊疑问词组Listen attentively(2)how far 意为“多远”，提问两地之间的距离。表示两地间距离的短语常见的有five kilometers(五千米), a few miles(数英里), ten minutes walk(十分钟的步行路程), t

12、hree hours ride(三小时的车程)等。 (3)how long 有两种用法 how long意为“多长时间、多久”，提问一段时间，这是其主要用法。 考点2 how引出的特殊疑问词组Listen attentively表示一段时间的短语有：“for+一段时间” 意为“长达”，如for four days(长达四天)；“since+时间点或时间状语从句” 意为“自从以来”，如since 1968/yesterday/two days ago(自从1968年/昨天/两天前以来)等how long意为“多长”，提问事物的长度。使用时要注意与how far的区别。how far强调某两个地点

13、之间的距离，在疑问句中一般会出现两个地点。how long提问单个事物本身的长短，与距离无关。如：考点2 how引出的特殊疑问词组Listen attentivelyHow long is the Great Wall? 长城有多远？ Around 6,700 kilometers long.约6,700千米长。 How long is the sofa? 沙发有多长？ Its two meters long.两米长。(4)how soon 意为“多久以后”，对“in+一段时间”提问，意为“之后(内)”，表示从现在到将来动作发生时为止的一段时间，常与一般将来时态连用。 如in some wee

14、ks(数周后)。(5)how much 有两种用法“多少钱”，对价格或价钱提问，相当于“Whats the price of sth.？” 意为“某物多少钱？”。考点2 how引出的特殊疑问词组Listen attentivelyHow much is the bike? =Whats the price of the bike? 自行车的价格是多少？ 50.五十美元。 “多少”，对不可数名词的数量提问，有时how much接的不可数名词可省略。 How much bread would you like? 你要多少面包？ Five kilos of brea D.五公斤。 “多少”，对复数名

15、词的数量提问，有时how (6)how many many接的复数名词可省略。 How many watches do you want? 你要几块手表？ Two watches.两块。 （ ）1.(2013广东)_is it from the village to your farm?About 10 minutes walk.A.How often B.How soonC.How long D.How far（）3. _do you visit your grandparents？ Twice a month.A.How often B.How longC.How soon D.How f

16、arD母题训练中考预测A考点2 how引出的特殊疑问词组Listen attentively（ ）2.(2010广东)_will you come back? In an hour.A.How soon B.How oftenC.How far D.How long（）4.Kate, do you know _ it is from here to the gym? About twenty minutes walk.A.how long B.how farC.how soon D.how oftenA母题训练中考预测B考点2 how引出的特殊疑问词组Listen attentively考点3

17、 祈使句Listen attentively考点3 祈使句()用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令，朗读时用降调。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称，所以通常都省略。1.肯定结构（1）Do型，即:动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分。如:Please have a seat here.请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please.= Go this way, please.请这边走。考点3 祈使句Listen attentively（2）Be型，即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分。如:Be a good bo

18、y! 要做一个好孩子!（3）Let型，即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。如:Let me help you.让我来帮你。2.否定结构（1）Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。如:Dont forget me! 不要忘记我! Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到! （2）Let型的否定式有两种:“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分”。如:考点3 祈使句Listen attentivelyDont let him go./ Let him not go.别让他

19、走。（3）有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!考点3 祈使句Listen attentively巧学妙记祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去;动词原形谓语当, 句首加dont否定变;朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。 （ ）1.(2016年广东)Tommy, _ play basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car.A.do B.dont C.must D.mustnt（）2._run in the hallways,Mike.Sorry,Ms

20、.Clark.A.Dont B.Please C.No D.NotB母题训练中考预测A考点3 祈使句Listen attentively考点4 There be句型Listen attentively考点4 There be句型()1.构成There be句型表示“某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为：There be (is，are，was,were)+名词+地点状语。2.各种句式(1)否定句：There be句型的否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样，在be动词后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示，即：no + n.(名词)= not a/an/any + n.(名词)。考点4 T

21、here be句型Listen attentively注意：no + n.(可数名词单数)= not a/an + n.(可数名词单数);no + n.(可数名词复数)= not any + n.(可数名词复数);no + n.(不可数名词)= not any + n.(不可数名词)。如：There is an orange in her bag.There isnt an orange in her bag.There is no orange in her bag.There are some oranges in her bag.考点4 There be句型Listen attentiv

22、elyThere arent any oranges in her bag.There are no oranges in her bag.There is some juice in the bottle.There isnt any juice in the bottle.There is no juice in the bottle. (2)一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。如：There is some money in her handbag.考点4 There be句型Listen attentivelyIs there

23、any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中，some改为any, something改为anything。) There is something new in todays newspaper.There isnt anything new in todays newspaper.Is there anything new in todays newspaper?考点4 There be句型Listen attentively3.注意事项(1)There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主语是单数可数名词，或是不可数名词，be

24、动词用“is”或“was”。如：There is a basketball in the box.盒子里有一个篮球。There is a little milk in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点儿牛奶。考点4 There be句型Listen attentively如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are”或“were”。如：There are many birds in the tree.树上有许多鸟儿。There were many people in the street yesterday.昨天街上有许多人。如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语

25、在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。如：考点4 There be句型Listen attentivelyThere is an orange and some bananas in the basket.篮子里有一个橘子和一些香蕉。There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.篮子里有一些香蕉和一个橘子。 (2)There与be动词中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语 (如和将来时be going to/will、现在完成时 have/has + pp.、used to结构等连用，注意其构成形式,这一内容

26、在我们日常练习中经常出现错误,是一难点,也是历年中考试题中的一个考点)。考点4 There be句型Listen attentively如：There must be a pen in the box.盒子里肯定有一支钢笔。There happened to be some money in my pocket.碰巧我的口袋里有一些钱。There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚将有一个会议。There used to be a church across from the bank.银行对面曾有一家教堂。考点4 There be句型Listen atte

27、ntively(3)There be句型和have/has的区别There be句型表示 “存在有”, have/has表示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用。如：There are three books on the desk.桌子上有三本书。 I have three books.我有三本书。(4)There be + 主语 + doing +介词短语。如：There is a truck collecting rubbish outside.外面有一辆收集垃圾的卡车。（ ）1.(2015年广东)_ there any living things on other planets?I

28、 have no ideas.Maybe we can know more about that in the future.A.Is B.Are C.Has D.Have（）3._ any milk in the fridge?No.Youd better buy some.A.Is there B.Are thereC.Has D.HaveB母题训练中考预测A考点4 There be句型Listen attentively（ ）2.(2011年广东)David, there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk.Please put them

29、 away.OK, Mum.Ill do it right away.A.is B.are C.has D.have（）4. There _ some flowers on the teachers desk just now, but now there _nothing on it.A.have; has B.were; wasC.were; is D.has; hasA母题训练中考预测C考点4 There be句型Listen attentively课堂小测目录contents考点一 感叹句 考点二 how引出的特殊疑问词组考点三 There be句型目录contents( ) 1.(导

30、学号 44372642)(2016江苏连云港)_ heavy the rainstorm is! Yes, the town has experienced the most serious flood during the past ten years.A.How B.What C.How a D.What a( ) 2.(导学号 44372643)(2016重庆)Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize._ great she is! We Chinese are so proud of her.A.What a B.What C.How a D.HowAD目录c

31、ontents( ) 3.(导学号 44372644)(2016贵州黔东南)Its said that Lin Shuhao, a famous NBA basketball star, will come to our school next week.Wow! _! Well give him a warm welcome then.A.What an excited news B.How exciting the news isC.What an exciting news D.How excited the news isB目录contents( ) 4.(导学号 44372645)(

32、2016湖北黄石)Look! The model is walking to us._ nice dress! A.What B.What a C.How D.How a( ) 5.(导学号 44372646)(2016湖北宜昌)The firemen did all their best to put out the fire._ excellent firemen!A.What B.What an C.How an D.HowBA目录contents( ) 6.(导学号 44372647)(2016湖北襄阳)_ are the students in your class?Most of

33、them are only fourteen.A.How long B.How old C.How many D.How often( ) 7.(导学号 44372648)(2016广东梅州)_ will you come back from Guangzhou,Mr.Clark?In two weeks.A.How soon B.How far C.How long D.How oftenBA目录contents( ) 8.(导学号 44372649)(2016山东济宁)_ can you read in English? About 100 words a minute.A.How far

34、 B.How much C.How fast D.How many( ) 9.(导学号 44372650)(2016北京)_ are these bananas? $3.99.A.How much B.How long C.How heavy D.How bigCA目录contents( ) 10.(导学号 44372651)(2016江苏无锡)_ do your parents take exercise, William?Less than three times a week.A.How long B.How much C.How soon D.How often( ) 11.(导学号

35、44372652)(2016湖北黄石)_ to smile at your life when you are in trouble, and you will soon be happy again.A.Try B.To try C.Trying D.TriedDA目录contents( ) 12.(导学号 44372653)(2016山东泰安)As we all know, life is short but amazing._ it!A.Enjoy B.To enjoy C.Enjoying D.Enjoyed( ) 13.(导学号 44372654)(2016重庆)Jack, dont

36、 always copy what others do._ your head, please.Thanks for telling me.A.Using B.Used C.Uses D.UseAD目录contents( ) 14.(导学号 44372655)(2016贵州六盘水)_ late for the meeting.Its impolite.A.No B.Not C.Dont D.Dont be( ) 15.(导学号 44372656)(2016吉林长春) _ me an e-mail before you come to Hangzhou.Ill meet you at the a

37、irport.A.Sending B.To send C.Sends D.SendDD目录contents( ) 16.(导学号 44372657)(2016湖北武汉)Whats the matter, Jenny?_something wrong with my bike.A.It is B. There is C.I have D.It has( ) 17.(导学号 44372658)(2016湖北宜昌)Excuse me.Is there a bus to the Olympic Center?_.You can take the No.111 bus.A.Yes, it is B. Y

38、es, there is C.Im not sure D.Sorry, I have no ideaBB目录contents( ) 18.(导学号 44372659)(2016贵州六盘水)There _ a football game in our city next week.A.will have B.will be C.is going to have D.are going to be( ) 19.(导学号 44372660)(2016贵州毕节)_ there any rice in the bag?A.Has B.Is C.Are D.HaveBB目录contents( ) 20.(

39、导学号 44372661)(2016贵州黔东南)There _ a sport meet next week if it _.A.is going to have; doesnt rain B.is going to be; doesnt rainC.is going to be; wont rain D.is going to have; wont rainB中考模拟演练目录contents目录contents( ) 1.(导学号 44372662)The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized(倾覆) in the Yangtze River on the

40、 evening of June 1st._ bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue(救援)?A.What a B.What C.How a D.How( ) 2.(导学号 44372663) _ interesting the book is ! I want to buy one, too.A.How B.What C.How an D.What anBA目录contents( ) 3.(导学号 44372664)_ exciting the movie is! Sure, I have seen it three tim

41、es.A.What B.What anC.How D.How an( ) 4.(导学号 44372665) _ excellent news reporter he is! All of us are proud of him.A.What B.What anC.How D.What aCB目录contents( ) 5.(导学号 44372666) _ important it is for kids to imagine freely!A.What B.What a C.What an D.How( ) 6.(导学号 44372667) _useful robot! It can help

42、 with the housework like a human servant.A.How B.What an C.How a D.What aDD目录contents( ) 7.(导学号 44372668)Listen! Someone is playing the piano.Wow! _ beautiful music! I like it very much.A.What B.How a C.What a D.How( ) 8.(导学号 44372669)_ interesting TV program Running Man is! I watch it every week.A.

43、How B.What C.What a D.What anAD目录contents( ) 9.(导学号 44372670)Wow! _ beautiful the music is! Yes. Thats my favorite.A.What B.What a C.What an D.How ( ) 10.(导学号 44372671)The six students from Lianyungang got the first prize in the Chinese Characters Dictation Competition in Jiangsu._ exciting news it

44、is!A.What B.How C.What an D.How anDA目录contents( ) 11.(导学号 44372672)_ delicious these beef noodles are!A.What B.How C.What a D.How a( ) 12.(导学号 44372673)_ great picture! Who painted it?A.How B.What C.How a D.What a( ) 13.(导学号 44372674)_lovely the squirrel is!A.What a B.How C.What D.How aBDB目录contents

45、( ) 14.(导学号 44372675)_ necessary thing it is to join the “Clean Your Plate” Campaign(光盘行动)!A.What B.What a C.How D.How a( ) 15.(导学号 44372676)Look at the cloud! It looks like a rabbit!Wow._ beautiful!A.What B.What a C.How D.How aBC目录contents( ) 16.(导学号 44372677)Bob, _ is it from your home to school?I

46、ts about ten minutes walk.A.how long B.how far C.how often D.how soon( ) 17.(导学号 44372678)_ pocket money do you usually get every month?Fifty yuan. What about you?A.How often B.How long C.How many D.How muchBD目录contents( ) 18.(导学号 44372679)Mr. Smith, _ is the new bridge?Oh, let me see! Its about 800

47、 metres.A.how old B.how long C.how much D.how often( ) 19.(导学号 44372680)Can you tell me _ your online shopping will arrive?In three days, I think.A.how long B.how soon C.how far D.how muchBB目录contents( ) 20.(导学号 44372681)_ do I need to feed the pet dog? Twice a day.A.How long B.How much C.How soon D

48、.How often( ) 21.(导学号 44372682) _ people travel every year? Perhaps when we are talking about it,more than 100 planes have taken off around the world.A.How many B.How much C.How long D.How oftenDA目录contents( ) 22.(导学号 44372683)_ do you go to the supermarket, Amy? Once a week.A.How many B.How much C.How far D.How often( ) 23.(导学号 44372684)_ will the fog and haze last? Ive no idea.There is no sign of an end.A.How soon B.How far C.How long D.How oftenDC目录contents( ) 24.(导学号 44372685)_ have you been in Chongqing? Fo