广东省2021中考英语第一部分语法精讲精练五介词和介词短语课件人教新目标版

1、第五节 介词和介词短语第一部分 语法精讲精练目录contents考点突破考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 课堂小测中考模拟演练考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四中考导航目录contents考点广东省卷近五年中考统计高频考点201220132014201520161.表示时间的介词2.表示地点和方位的介词3.表示方式、手段或工具的介词4.其它常用介词5.介词短语目录contents考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，介词和介词短语是每年的必考点，近几年均考查了常用介词的用法及辨析。2017年备考时应掌握好常用介词的用法及辨析，不要混淆。目录contents考点预测:1.表时间的介词：for+一段时间, s

2、ince+时间点；2.表地点和方位的介词：between,behind,among；3.表方式、工具的介词：with，by。考点突破 考点一 表示时间的介词 考点二 表示地点和方位的常用介词 考点三 表示方式、手段或工具的介词考点四 其它常用介词考点五 介词短语目录contents考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentivelyat、in、on表示时间的区别(1)at表示具体的时间点，常用于表示钟点及某些词组中。如: at Christmas(在圣诞节)； at six oclock(在6点钟)； at night(在晚上)； at the end of(在结束时)； at the

3、age of(在岁时)； at last(最终，最后)。考点1 表示时间的介词()考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively in还可以表示从现在算起到若干时间以后，意为“在时间后”，用于一般将来时或过去将来时态。如:Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes?你能在5分钟内画一匹好看的马吗?考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively (3)on用于表示确定的时间，具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等。如:on December 1st，1994 (在1994年12月1日)；on Mon

4、day morning(在星期一上午)；on a cold morning(在一个寒冷的早晨)；on the night of October 22nd(在10月22日晚上)；on Christmas Day(在圣诞节)；on Teachers Day(在教师节)考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively注意:在以this，that，next，last，tomorrow，yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。如:I will go to Beijing next week.下周我将去北京。2.for，since，from表示时间的区别(1)“for+一段时间

5、”意为“已经多长时间了”，强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间，可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如:She has worked there for four years.她已经在那里工作4年了。考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively (2)since用作介词时，意为“自从，自以后”，指从某一时间一直延续至今，后接时间点，通常与完成时连用。如:The factory has been there since spring 1989.那家工厂自1989年春就在那里了。注意:since还可以用作连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句。如:Great change

6、s have taken place since he left.自从他离开以后，这里发生了巨大的变化。考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively (3)from(from.to.)表示开始的时间，意为“从”(“从到”)，谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态。如:Students go to school from Monday to Friday.学生们周一至周五上学。考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively 3.to，past，pass表时间的区别(1)to介词，大于30分钟时，表示“差”。如:ten to seven(6:50)(2)past介词，小于30分钟时

7、，表示“过”。 如:ten past six(6:10)(3)pass动词，表示“经过，过去”。如:He passed by me.他从我身边经过。考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively4.其余表示时间的介词(1)after指时间“在以后”，后面接时间点或时间段均可。接时间段时，多和过去时连用；接时间点时，多和将来时连用。如:He came back after a few days.几天后他回来了。 Ill call you after 4:30.四点半以后我给你打电话。考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively (2)till/until表示“到为止，直

8、到之时，直至”，在肯定句中要用延续性动词。如:Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上待到明天。 I shall wait until ten oclock.我将等到10点钟。考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively在否定句中，not.until.意为“直到才”，是连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句，谓语动词用短暂性动词。如:I didnt go to bed until eleven last night.昨天晚上直到11点钟我才睡觉。(3)by 表示“不迟于”(not later than)，常与完成时连用。如:by then到

9、那时，by now到目前为止。They had seen four English films by the end of last night.到昨天晚上为止他们已经看过四部英语电影。考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively (4)before指时间“在以前”，后面一般接时间点。如:I will get to Australia before Friday.我将于星期五之前到达澳大利亚。(5)during表示“在期间”，强调“自始至终”。如:During those three months，he asked a lot of questions.在那三个月期间，他问了许多

10、问题。（ ）1.(2016广东)Many young people put mobile gaming _ anything else, thinking little of their normal lives.A.along with B.behindC.before D.in front of（）3.Our reading club shares ideas with each other _ one hour every Tuesday.A.to B.on C.at D.forC母题训练中考预测D考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively（ ）2.(2011广东)Its

11、 time _ the weather report.Turn on the radio, please.A.to B.in C.at D.for（）4.The accident happened_ a cold winter early morning.A.in B.at C.on D.forD母题训练中考预测C考点1 表示时间的介词Listen attentively考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词()1.in，at与on(1)in表示地点，意为“在内”，用于内部。如:He put his hands in his poc

12、kets.他把手放进口袋。(2)on意为“在上面”，用于表面接触，指在一个平面上。如: There was a carpet on the floor.地板上铺着一块地毯。考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively(3)表示“在某地”时，at后接小地方，in后接大地方。如: When did you arrive at the station?你什么 时候到车站的? He was born in Wuhan.他出生在武汉。(4)at还有“在旁边”之意，如: at the table在桌子旁边考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively2.abo

13、ve与belowabove的意思是“在之上” “高于”，与物体表面不接触，表示相对高度，不一定是在正上方，它的反义词是below。如: The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上面飞行。 The Dead Sea is below sea level.死海的海面低于海平线。考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively3.over与underover的意思是“在之上”， 与物体表面不接触，表示垂直之上，其反义词是under。如:There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。 There is a boat

14、under the bridge.桥下有一艘船。4.by，beside与near(1)by表示“在旁边”，较near更近。如:My house is by the river.我的家在河边。(2)beside表示“近旁”、“紧靠”，相当于next to。如:Come and sit beside me.来坐在我的身旁。 考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively(3)near意为“在附近”，可以表示空间、时间关系等。如: He sits near the window.他坐在窗户附近。5.after与behind(1)after表示位置关系，意为“在的后面”。如:Yo

15、ur name comes after mine in the list.名单上，你的名字列于我之后。(2)behind表示位置，意为“在后面”。如:The boy was hiding behind a tree.那个男孩躲在一棵树后。考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively6.through, across, cross穿过(1)through介词，纵穿(从空间穿过)。如:The soldiers went through the forest.那些士兵穿过树林离开了。(2)across介词，横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is walking across t

16、he street.他正在横过马路。(3)cross动词，横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is crossing the street.他正在横过马路。考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively7.among, between 在之间among在(三者或三者以上)之间；between在(两者)之间。常用词组: between.and如:The man who is standing among the students is Lilys father.站在学生中间的是莉莉的父亲。I will be back between five and six.我将在5到6点之间

17、回来。考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively8.in，on，toin表示在范围之内(属于该范围)；on表示与某一地区接壤；to表示隔海相望。如:Guangdong is in the south of China.(广东属于中国。)Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.(广东不属于湖南，但与湖南是毗邻关系。)Japan is to the east of China.(日本不属于中国，而且隔海相望。)考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively9.outside与insideoutside意为“在的外边”；i

18、nside意为“在的里边，在之内”。如:A woman is waiting outside the office.一位妇女正在办公室门外等候。Dont let the dog come inside the house.不要让狗进入房子里。 考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively10.in front of与in the front ofin front of表示“在之前”(范围外)；in the front of表示“在的前部(范围内)”。如:There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有一些树。Our

19、 teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.我们的老师经常坐在教室的前面。（ ）1.(2012广东)Why are you standing, Alice?I cant see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys are sitting _ me.A.behind B.next toC.Between D.in front of（）3.Is your father at home? No, he is working late_the office.A.on B.at C.of D.toD母题训练

20、中考预测B考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively（ ）2.(2010广东)Connie arrived _ the village _ a snowy night.A.at;on B.at;in C.in;at D.in;on（）4.Hainan lies_the south of China, and_the south of Guangdong, too.A.in; in B.to; in C.to; in D.in; toA母题训练中考预测D考点2 表示地点和方位的常用介词Listen attentively考点3 表示方式、手段或工具的介词Listen a

21、ttentively考点3表示方式、手段或工具的介词() 1.by，in，on表交通方式用by时，交通工具前不用任何限定词；用on或in时，交通工具前用限定词。如:Jenny goes to school by bike.詹妮骑自行车去上学。(by bike=on a bike)Mr.Green goes to work by car.格林先生开车去上班。(by car=in a car)考点3 表示方式、手段或工具的介词Listen attentively2.by，in，with表示手段或工具(1)with后跟具体的工具。如:I often do my homework with a pen

22、.我经常用钢笔做作业。(2)in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料，语言、材料前不加冠词。如:Can you say it in English?你能用英语说吗?(3)by表示用某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词，若后接动词，需将动词变为动名词形式。如:This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工做的。 He makes a living by teaching.他靠教书为生。（ ）1.(2013广东)Kelly, whos the girl _ glasses in the photo?Its me.I used to wear glasses and hav

23、e long hair.A.by B.of C.on D.with（）2.How do you communicate with your foreign friends? _writing e-mails, of course.A.With B.By C.At D.FromD母题训练中考预测B考点3 表示方式、手段或工具的介词Listen attentively考点4 其它常用介词Listen attentively考点4 其他常用介词()介词用法例句against表示“反对”“违背”，其反义词为 for。若表示“强烈反对”，一般与副词 strongly搭配。They are strongl

24、y against the idea.他们强烈反对这个意见。beyond表示范围、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；为所不能及”。His bad behavior is beyond a joke.他的不良行为超出了开玩笑的范围。aboutabout“关于”，多用于内容和观点比较一般性的情况。What is your excuse about your being late yesterday?你昨天迟到的借口是什么？考点4 其它常用介词Listen attentively介词用法例句like意为“像一样”，用于说明相似关系，实际上不是。 He talked to me like my

25、father.他像父亲那样跟我谈话。（他不是我父亲）as意为“作为，以的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务、身份的名词。We chose him as captain of our team.我们选他当我们的队长。except表示“除之外（不包括在内）”，是从整体中除去一部分，常和否定代词和概括性代词连用。We are all here except Li Ming.除了李明之外，我们都在这里。考点4 其它常用介词Listen attentively介词用法例句into“往里（进、蹦、跳）去”，常和动词连用。 Many frogs jumped into the lake.许多青蛙跳进了湖里。with

26、/along with表示伴随，意为“和一起”。She lives with her parents.她同父母住在一起without表示“没有”，用作状语。He left without saying a word.他什么也没有说就离开了。考点4 其它常用介词Listen attentively介词用法例句for(1)表示目的，意为“为了”。Lets go for a walk.HTK让我们去散步吧。(2)表原因、理由。Sanya is famous for “Tianya Haijiao”三亚因“天涯海角”而出名。(3)表用途、对象。I think drinking milk is good

27、 for our health.我认为喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。(4)表示价格。He sells his books for fifty yuan.他以50元的价格卖掉了他的书。考点4 其它常用介词Listen attentively介词用法例句along表示“沿着，顺着”。 Weve planted more than 1，000 trees along the banks of the river我们沿着河岸种了1，000多棵树off表示“离开，脱离”。Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。（ ）1.(2015广东) Could you please give me a hand

28、? I cant complete the task on time _ your help. A.without B.under C.with D.for （）3.Well play basketball _ Class 3 tomorrow.A.over B.against C.to D.forA母题训练中考预测B考点4 其它常用介词Listen attentively（ ）2.(2014广东) Most people are _ building a paper factory near here.They are worried the river will get polluted.

29、A.for B.with C.against D.beyond（）4.Mr.Lin gave the textbooks to all the students _ the ones who had already taken them.A.except B.including C.among D.withC母题训练中考预测A考点4 其它常用介词Listen attentively考点5 介词短语Listen attentively考点5 介词短语()1.介词与动词的常见搭配listen to听 laugh at嘲笑 get to到达 get onoff上车下车 look for寻找 wait

30、 for等待hear from收到的来信 worry about担心 think of想起，认为 look after照顾，照料 spend.on花费 agree with同意do with对付，处置 depend on依靠 talk about谈论 turn onoff打开关掉 turn updown调大调小 regard.as把当作pay for付款 knock at敲 ask for请求，向要考点2 介词短语Listen attentively2.介词与形容词的常见搭配be fond of喜欢be ready for为做好准备be kind to对亲切be sure about确信be

31、busy with忙于be late for迟到be afraid of害怕be good at擅长于be full of装满考点5 介词短语Listen attentively3.介词与名词的常见搭配by bikebustrain骑自行车/乘公共汽车乘火车 withwithout ones help在有没有某人的帮助下on ones way to在某人去的路上on time准时to ones surprise使某人惊奇的是on foot步行at the end of在尽头，末尾at the foot of在的脚下（ ）1.Dont ask him to study too late into

32、 the night._,he is only a small child.A.As a result B.After all C.Best of all D.For example（）2.What a nice day! We should go sightseeing _ watching TV in the hotel.A.because of B.instead of C.together with D.out of B母题训练中考预测B考点5 介词短语Listen attentively课堂小测目录contents考点一 表示时间的介词 考点二 表示地点和方位的常用介词 考点三 表示

33、方式、手段或工具的介词考点四 其他常用介词考点五 介词短语目录contents( ) 1.(导学号 44372228)(2016贵州黔东南)My little sister was born _ a sunny morning _ June, 2003.So my parents named her Xiao Sun.A.on; in B.in; on C.at; in D.in; inA目录contents( ) 2.(导学号 44372229)(2016湖北黄冈)Junior high school days will be over _ a week.How are you feelin

34、g？Im trying to keep my cool because weve been together _ three years.A.in； in B.for； in C.in； for D.for； for( ) 3.(导学号 44372230)(2016四川雅安)I have been in China_ 1997.A.since B.for C.in D.untilCA目录contents( ) 4.(导学号 44372231)(2016重庆)Jim lives _ a small village and the air there is very fresh.A.on B.in

35、 C.under D.from( ) 5.(导学号 44372232)(2016北京)Pauls mother is a nurse.She works _ a hospital.A.with B.on C.of D.in( ) 6.(导学号 44372233)(2016河南)Its so cold outside.Remember to close the door_ you when you leave.A.beside B.before C.with D.behindBDD目录contents( ) 7.(导学号 44372234)(2016黑龙江龙东地区)Taiwan lies _ t

36、he east of Fujian, _ the southeast of China.A.on; in B.to; in C.on; to D.in; to( ) 8.(导学号 44372235)(2016湖北鄂州)Oh，my god!Ive left my keys in the room.Ill have to get in_ the window. Its dangerous.Youd better wait for your mom to come back.A.past B.over C.across D.through BD目录contents( ) 9.（2016天津）You

37、can buy almost everything _ the Internet, and its very o B. for C. at D. on( )10.(2016四川绵阳)What did you get for your birthday, Tony? An iPad 4, _ my aunt.to B. from C. with D. forDB目录contents( ) 11.(导学号 44372236)(2016江苏苏州)A good student connects what he reads _ what he sees around him. A.for

38、 B.with C.in D.on( ) 12.(导学号 44372237)(2016河北)Class，lets see who can spell most words _ these letters.A.at B.into C.on D.with BD目录contents( ) 13.(导学号 44372238)(2016湖北孝感)Xiaogan is well known _ the culture of “Xiao”.A.in B.for C.at D.on( ) 14.(导学号 44372239)(2016内蒙古包头)If you are planning a trip to a p

39、lace of interest， youd better look in your local library _ a book about it. A.on B.at C.to D.forBD目录contents( ) 15.(导学号 44372240)(2016江苏无锡)Although he was _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own.A.against B.on C.for D.in( ) 16.(导学号 44372241)(2016山东德州)Nobody could solve this diffic

40、ult problem alone_others help.A.with B.for C.without D.fromAC目录contents( ) 17.(导学号 44372242)(2016湖北黄石)It is necessary _ us to help our friends out when they meet difficulties.A.to B.of C.with D.for( ) 18.(导学号 44372243)(2016山东济宁)We should be kind to the old and take care _ them in daily life.A.of B.f

41、or C.with D.about DA目录contents( ) 19.(导学号 44372244)(2016湖北襄阳)Who is David looking _?His mother.Shes been in hospital for a few days.A.for B.after C.at D.up( ) 20.(导学号 44372245)(2016贵州毕节)He borrowed some money _ me and gave it _ the poor man.A.to; for B.for; to C.from; to D.to; fromBC中考模拟演练目录contents

42、目录contents( ) 1.(导学号 44372246)When is Lang Langs concert?Its _ three oclock _ the afternoon of December 18th.A.at；in B.at；on C.on；in D.in；on( ) 2.(导学号 44372247)The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come _ four days.A.after B.for C.during D.inBD目录contents( ) 3.(导学号 44372248)The charity walk begins

43、_ 9:00. Dont be late. No problem.A.at B.by C.in D.on( ) 4.(导学号 44372249)The third China-South Asia EXPO was held in Kunming _ June 12th to June 16th.A.on B.in C.at D.fromAD目录contents( ) 5.(导学号 44372250)Were leaving tomorrow.We will be away _ next Friday.A.from B.until C.on D.since( ) 6.(导学号 44372251

44、)_ the exam, well say good-bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school.A.In B.For C.After D.ThroughBC目录contents( ) 7.(导学号 44372252)They usually go shopping_ their lunch break.A.against B.among C.between D.during( ) 8.(导学号 44372253)Lucy lived in Beijing from 2008 _ 2016.A.on

45、B.to C.at D.of( ) 9.(导学号 44372254)Well fly to New York on Monday morning, and then well stay in New York _ Wednesday afternoon.A.until B.after C.on D.inDBA目录contents( ) 10.(导学号 44372255)In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains _ zero all day.A.above B.below C.over D.under( ) 11.She ha

46、d to sell the house even though it was _ her own wishes.A.above B.on C.for D.against( ) 12.(导学号 44372257)You must be careful when you swim _ the lake.A.across B.below C.over D.throughBDA目录contents( ) 13.(导学号 44372258)Jim sits behind me, so I sit _ him.A.at the top of B.at the end of C.in the middle

47、of D.in front of( ) 14.(导学号 44372259)I like the weather in Kunming. Its warm all year long.Yes.And the temperature stays _zero all the time.A.at B.below C.around D.aboveDD目录contents( ) 15.(导学号 44372260)Teenagers should be encouraged to go _ and be close to nature.A.inside B.back C.outside D.off( ) 1

48、6.(导学号 44372261)Mr.Greens office is _the 26th floor.You can take the lift there.A.at B.in C.on D.forCC目录contents( ) 17.(导学号 44372262)On May 10th, a horse was found running happily _ the busy street in Beijing.A.at B.of C.in D.from( ) 18.(导学号 44372263)The castle stands in a quiet place _ the main roa

49、d at the far end of the river.A.to B.for C.off D.outCC目录contents( ) 19.(导学号 44372264)Cambridge is a small city _ the east of England.A.between B.with C.in D.under( ) 20.(导学号 44372265)You see, Kevin is writing _ his left hand.A.at B.as C.for D.with( ) 21.(导学号 44372266)The man makes a living _ teachin

50、g.A.without B.with C.by D.inCDC目录contents( ) 22.(导学号 44372267)Could you tell me the way to the Science Museum,please?Yes,walk along this street.Youll see it _ your left.A.on B.in C.for D.over( ) 23.(导学号 44372268)The policeman helped the old woman go _ the road.A.above B.across C.through D.overAB目录co

51、ntents( ) 24.(导学号 44372269)Dont drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive _ the tunnel.A.past B.across C.over D.through( ) 25.(导学号 44372270)We can get fresh water from rain, from rivers, or from _ the ground.A.across B.under C.over D.offDB目录contents( ) 26.(导学号 44372271)Where is Wenzhou Zoo?Ive

52、no idea.Why not find it _ the map? A.at B.for C.of D.on( ) 27.(导学号 44372272)There was an exciting moment in our class when a large bird flew _ the classroom.A.from B.into C.onto D.withDB目录contents( ) 28.(导学号 44372273)When I got into the room, Green was talking _ the phone.A.on B.with C.to D.in( ) 29

53、.(导学号 44372274)You can improve your English _reading more.A.in B.with C.by D.of( ) 30.(导学号 44372275)A persons life is like a road _ lots of difficulties.Yes, so we need positive energy.A.by B.with C.along D.duringACB目录contents( ) 31.(导学号 44372276)How can we protect ourselves _ the earthquake?We should stay calm first.A.with B.about C.for D.from( ) 32.(导学号