技术培训重要acs系列acs5000新产品发布会no.4efficiency v1

1、Insert name of presenter and jobEfficiency verificationmended methods to measure efficiency效率的确定ition here的效率测量方法MV Drives RoadshowOutline 概要1.Efficiency definitions 效率的定义2.3. 2002 ABB - 2 -Definitions 定义Efficiency formulas for individual system components and drive system: 单独的系统设备和传动系统的效率公式：Efficie

2、ncy 效率 = outputer 输出功率inputer输入功率或Efficiency 效率 = input er losses 输入功率-损耗inputer 输入功率OR 或Efficiency 效率 = outputer 输出功率outputer + losses 输出功率+损耗 2002 ABB - 3 -ORMV drive system 中压传动系统Typical MV drive system典型的中压传动系统M3 Prosf2nProtection 保护Control 控制Exciion 励磁Higher Level Control更高等级的控制 2002 ABB - 4 -f

3、1; ; ;Machine Cooling电机冷却Converter Cooling 变频器冷却Outline 概要1.2.Efficiency of different control methods 不同控制方法的效率3. 2002 ABB - 5 -The impact of efficiency on energy conservation能量守恒的效率影响4345 kWPrimaryer9325 kWer losses：VSDThrottlinger功率损耗plant2600 kW(40% eff.)5595 kW(40% eff.)lant电厂er transmis165 kW(9

4、0% eff.)340 kW(90% eff.) 电力传输3Mow control1490 kW(56% eff.)150 kW(85% eff.)3M流量控制Pump430 kW(69% eff.)900 kW(52% eff.)泵1000 kW1000 kWUsefuler 2002 ABB - 6 -erplantPump operation with throttle and VSD control截流控制和变频控制泵的运行Throttle Control 截流控制VSD Control 变频控制140120100806040200140120100806040200001000100

5、Flow (%)Useful work(有用功)Drive Losses(传动损耗)Flow (%)Useful work(有用功)Valve losses(阀门损耗)Pump losses(泵损耗)Motor losses(电机损耗) 2002 ABB- 7 -e r( %)er (%)Pump operation with throttle control截流控制泵的运行VSD Control 变频控制140120100806040200Throttle Control 截流控制1401201008060402001000100Flow (%)alve losses(阀门损耗)Useful

6、 work(有用功)VPump losses(泵损耗)Motor losses(电机损耗) 2002 ABB- 8 -e r( %)e r ( %)0Useful0Flow (%)work(有用功)Drive Losses(传动损耗)At 70% flow:70% 流量 =50= 38%130Pump operation with VSD control变频控制泵的运行Throttle Control 截流控制140120100806040200VSD Control 变频控制14012010080604020000100Flow (%)Useful work(有用功)Drive Losses

7、(传动损耗) 2002 ABB - 9 -e r ( %)e r ( %)0Useful Pump l100门损耗)机损耗)Flow (%)work(有用功)Valve losses(阀osses(泵损耗)Motor losses(电At 70% flow: 70流量： =50= 71.4%70Comparing different control methods不同控制方法的比较How efficient are todays MV drives? 2002 ABB - 11 -中压传动系统的效率？95Co effi的% efficient including:95的系统效率包括：Motor

8、 电机Transformer 变压器er factor correction 功率因数校正Harmonic filters, if provided 谐波滤波器，如果提供nsider total drive system Typically pumps are designedciency 考虑整个传动系统效率with 15 20% design marginsWith MV drives, total system 典型的泵有15 20%的设计预量efficiency will be bettern Motors are designed for 110 conventional contr

9、ols even at115% of pump capacitynominal load 额定负载时中压 电机设计为泵容量的110 115%传动系统的效率优于传统的控 Nominal requirement is 25 35%制方法下的效率lowern rated capacity 额定需求比额定容量要低25 35%Total efficiency of typical drive system典型传动系统的效率100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Torque(转矩)er(功率)Efficiency(效率)40%50%60%70%80%90%100%Speed 转

10、速 (100% = 1500 rpm)Total efficiency of a typical 7500kW/ 1500rpm MV-drivesystem with quadratic load torque典型的平方负载转矩7500kW/ 1500rpm中压系统效率(transformer 变压器, converter with diode rectifier 二极管整流变频器, motor 电机) 2002 ABB - 12 -System efficiencyOutline 概要1.2.How to verify the efficiency of a Variable Speed

11、Drive (VSD) 如何确定变频系统的效率Loss segregation method 损耗的分解方法System full load test 系统满载试验 2002 ABB - 13 -Ways to test a system including efficiency测试系统效率的方法Tests at manufacturers workshop 制造商工厂测试Loss segregation method 损耗的分解方法Complete system test 完整的系统测试1.Braking the drive with test-room machine 利用测试室的机械制动

12、传动Combined test with job motor, VSD and transformer 电机，变频器和变压器的组合测试Back-to-back test (if统）Test after installation 安装后测试) 背靠背测试（如果两个系2.1.Summation of losses, using test result of each sub-assembly andtheoretical adjustment 损耗求和，利用每个设备的和理论调整结果2.Input and output measurement 输入和输出测量 2002 ABB - 14 -Syste

13、m efficiency - determined系统效率确定的两种主要方法wo main waysInput/Output MeasurementLoss Segregation Method损耗分离方法 The easy way简单The economic way经济The accurate way精确The common way通用输入/输出测量The hard wayThe expensive way昂贵The less accurate way精度差The complicated way复杂 2002 ABB - 15 -Standards say标准说明IEEE 995for Lo

14、ad Commued Inverters (LCIs)负载换相型变频器(LCIs)IEC 61800-4for variable speed drives变频传动Standardsmend the loss segregationmethod as one of the methods to measureefficiency.标准把损耗分离方法作为测量效率的方法之 2002 ABB - 16 -IEC 61800-4saysIEC 61800-4 说明Theernational standards recognize two major methodsfor determining effi

15、ciency of MV drive systems:国际标准认可两种主要的决定中压传动系统效率的方法：A. Loss segregation method:损耗分离方法Summation of individual component losses 单独设备损耗求和Common & practical approach for MV drives systems 中压传动系统通用和实用的方法B. System full load tests: 系统满负荷试验：Determination of losses byinput & outputerDirect measurement of los

16、ses- Calorimetric method- Back-to-back test (if feasible)损耗直接测量-量热方法measurement method callsfor highly accuratemeasurements通过输入和输出功率的测量确定损耗高精确的测量方法背靠背测试（如果可行）mended only in case of demanding MV drives systems 2002 ABB - 17 -A.Loss segregation method损耗分离方法 Transformer 变压器效率Motor 电机效率VFD 变频器效率 2002 AB

17、B - 18 - system = TransformerX VFDX MotorA.Loss segregation method损耗的分离方法Converter transformers are covered in IEC 60146-1-3 and IEC 61378-1整流变压器见IEC 60146-1-3 和IEC 61378-1标准Fundamental iron and copper losses as well as the relevant stray losses and auxiliary losses shall be determined according to

18、these standards按照这些标准确定铁损、铜损、相关的杂散损耗和附加损耗 2002 ABB - 19 -A.Loss segregation method损耗分离方法Converter efficiency is covered in IEC 61800-4变频器效率见IEC 61800-4 标准Typical practice is to derive converter efficiency by loss segregation method典型的是通过损耗分离方法得到变频器效率(a ferameters are measured andefficiency is derive

19、d from calculations，测量参数通过计算得到效率) 2002 ABB - 20 -A.Loss segregation method损耗分离方法2002 ABB - 21 -Motor efficiency is covered in IEC 60034-2电机效率见IEC 60034-2Two alternative segregated test methods exist: 存在两种测试方法供选择driving the motor to be tested by a calibrated motor (relevant for lower)通过标准电机驱动被测试电机con

20、necting the motor to an adjustable sinusoidal voltage source把电机连接到可调的正弦波电压源Bolternatives make itsible to determine the following losses individually:两种方法都可以确定以下损耗：friction and ventilation losses 风摩损耗no load core losses 空载损耗sor winding losses (I2R losses)定子损耗rotor losses 转子损耗B. System full load testC

21、ombined test系统满载试验组合试验Mainer supplyThe method requires a load machine ofeast theU , I , PL LLsameer as the drive motor. 这种方法需要一个功率至少与驱动电机相同的负载机械Auxiliaryer supplyShafter has to be measured either by speedHarmonic filter (optional)MV driveUx, Ix, Pxand torque on the shaft, or the load machine has tos

22、ystembe calibrated.通过转速和转矩测量轴功率或者标定负载机械Input transformerThe mainer circuit losses for the individualdevican principally be measured directly by theUV, IV, PVdifference betn input and outputer : 通过输Converter入和输出功率的差测量单个设备的主功率回路损耗Control,PinoPutLPV V Pa PPSaAuxPConverterprotectionP andauxiliariesP los

23、sPsectionDue to the high efficiencies involved, the resulting lossesconstitute a relatively small difference betn twoUa, Ia, Parelatively big figures.Therefore, the second formulation of the above formula,which indicates individual measurement of eaaincomponent, gives a higher accuracy.The preciof t

24、he instruments must be very high,typicallyhe order of class 0,02, and the band width ofthe instruments should be up to the 40th harmonic.Drivenequipment 2002 ABB - 22 -B. System full load test系统满载试验Back-to-back test背靠背测试The back-to-back test requires two or more similar MV drive systems.背靠背测试需要两个以上的

25、相似的中压传动系统he back-to-back test, one MV drivesystem operates as motor, and theother operates as generator.在背靠背试验中，一套中压传动系统电状态运行，另一套系统发电机状态运行Exle:例子：Ormen Lange system withOrmen Lange系统：2 x 48 MW motors 2 x 48 MW 电机2 x MEGADRIVE-LCI converters 2 x LCI2 x 4 winding input trafos 2个4绕组输入变压器2 x Input filte

26、rs 2 个输入滤波器(Fadd = add. filters for testing pure增加滤波器为测试目的)48 MW / 3500 rpm 2002 ABB - 23 -Typical set-up for back-to-back test典型的背靠背测试配置Converter 2变频器2Converter 1变频器1Drive to be tested被测试的传动Three 10/20 MW compressor drives for Woodside LNG-PlantDelivered 2002 / Tested wipprox. 8 MW 2002 ABB - 24 -L

27、oad 负载Transformer 2变压器2Motor 2电机2B. Pitfalls of input/output measurement (System full输入/输出测量方法的缺陷（系统满载测试）load test)kWkWTheoretical 理论上1020 kW98%1000 kW+/- 1%+/- 1%Measurement inaccuracies 测量偏差Measured valuescould be 测量值1010 kW(with negative tolerance 负偏差)1010 kW(withitive tolerance 正偏差) 2002 ABB - 2

28、5 -Comparison of total efficiency errors对比效率误差3.0%System Load Test +/-Loss Segregation +/-System Full Load Test系统满负荷测试2.5%In/Outputer isdetermined with +/- 1%2.0%inaccuracy.输入/输出功率测量方法有1.5%+/- 1% 的确度1.0%Loss Segregation Method损耗分离方法0.5%The losses are determinedwith +/- 10% inaccuracy.0.0%损耗的确定有+/- 1

29、0% 的不0.0%20.0%40.0%60.0%80.0%100.0%准确度Nominal efficiency额定效率For systems win efficiency of 80% theLoss Segregation Method is preferable.如果系统效率大于80%，优选效率分离方法 2002 ABB - 26 -Es!rr+o/-r pctpoEfficiency verification comparing accuracy效率验证-对比精度Direct measurement typically 1.5% lessaccuraten theloss segreg

30、ationmethod for a typicaldrive with 95%efficiency! 2002 ABB - 27 -结论If verification of the drive system efficiency is required,ABBmends the following:如果需要确定传动系统的效率，ABB如下：If a back-to-back or combinedplanned to measure theperformance of the variable speed drive system, it is highly mended to measure the efficiency at same time.如果需要背靠背或组