考研类历年真题答案-2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语一)试题

1、2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）试题答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don t sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless hav

2、e got a share this weekend of one of that nation s great traditions: the Sunday roast. _1_ a cold winter s day, few culinary pleasures can _2_ it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this _3_ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure _4_ to damage our health.The Food Stand

3、ards Authority (FSA) has _5_ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked _6_ high temperatures. This means that people should _7_ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only _8_ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to s

4、upport such alarmist advice? _9_ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no _10_ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is _11_ to cause cancerM but have no hard scientific proof. _12_ the precautionary principle, it could be a

5、igued that it is _13_ to follow the FSA advice. _14_ it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a _15_ .Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be_16_ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But w

6、ould life be worth living? _17_ , the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods _18_ , but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their _19_ risks coming across as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just _20_ with no one listening.第1题1 .AinBtowardsConDtill参考答案C答

7、案解析 friendly是一个陷阱，要注意其中的转折关系，后句才是主旨含义。G选项中的aggressive是对 dominance or intimidation 的同意概括。笫44题44参考答案A答案解析44、【答案】A. Eye fixations are brief 眼神凝视是短暂的【解析】本题主要考查词意辨析。根据文中：“When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pauseThese pauses typically occur at about three per second, andlike a series of snapsho

8、t. n 当我们看着张脸或一张照片时我们的眼睛一次停在一个点上，经常停在眼睛或嘴上。这些暂停通常每秒钟发生三 次，然后眼睛跳到另一个位置，直到图像中的几个重要点被记录下来，就像一系列快照一样。如果能 正确解释A选项的意思，就可以立即与本段内容相匹配。第45题45参考答案D答案解析45、 【答案】D. Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact 性格能影响一个人对眼神交流的反应【解析】本段对两种人进行了对比, people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personal

9、ity dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance.v 和 u people who scored highly for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look d

10、irectly at them. M 在神经测试（与自我意识和焦虑相关的人格维度）中得分较高的人中，目光接触触发了与回避相关的 更多活动;在焦虑之类的负面情绪上获得高分的人注视别人较短的时间，并且在其他人不直视他们时， 他们会感到更加舒适。可以判断出其主要论点是不同人格对眼神交流的反应差异。故答案为D.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written caref

11、ully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanisti

12、c approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) With the Church s teachings and ways of thinking buinu eclipsed by he Renaissance、he gap between th

13、e Medieval and modem periods had been bridged leading Io new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galileo demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations, ma

14、ny thinkers at he time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view hat the Earth was at the centie of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later

15、upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the C

16、hurch and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicions and rationalists. More explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people

17、 could no longer ignore.lt was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church s long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for tnith to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe durin

18、g most of 17century. (49) As many took on Hie duty of trying Io integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era - the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reduct

19、ionism the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress.(50) Such actions o seek knowledge and to understand what information w。already knew were captured by the Latin phrase “ sapere aude or da】e to know, after Immanuel Kant used it in his essa

20、y u An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? ” . It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.参考答案(46)【考点】被动语态，动名词【解析】Church大写，指代上文的Roman Catholicism Church罗马天主教，eclipse表示：使相形见细， 黯然失色，Medieval:中世纪，Ren

21、aissance指文艺复兴，上述词汇未正确译出，均会酌情扣分。【词汇】Renaissance 文艺复兴，ways of things思维方式;gap ”差距，分歧”；bridge ”消除,连 接”；lead to 导致，通向，intellectual 智力，知识分子 territory ”领域，领土”。【译文】随着文艺复兴使天主教的教义和思维方式黯然失色，中世纪和现代之间的差距被缩小，带 来了全新和未知的知识领域。(47)【考点】复合句，定语从句【解析】their指代上文的诸如伽利略这样的great minds,需要译出，revelations指他们的科学研究和理 论，geo-centricv

22、iew根据后面的同位语从句，应该很好推测，意思是“地心说”。同位语从句可以拆 译。【词汇】revelation启示,揭露；at the time在那时候；sustain维持，保持；ancient古老的,古代的； universe 宇宙。【译文】在思想巨人们的每一个科学理念出现之前，当时的许多思想者一直保留着更加古老的思考方 式，包括地心说，这一学说认为地球是宇宙的中心。(48)【考点】主语从句，并列结构【解析】attempts是名词:尝试，这里可以名词变成动词，使句子更加通顺；suppress镇压，压 迫；logicians逻辑学家，rationalists理性主义者。【词汇】despite尽

23、管，即使;generation一代,一批;function作用，运转;at a rate以一种速度； ignore 忽视。【译文】尽管教会试图镇压新一代的逻辑学者和理性主义者，但是他们对宇宙运转理论的探索以一种 平民和教会都无法忽视的速度不断涌现。(49)【考点】不定式，连词【解析】复合句。句首as表示主句从句动作同时发生，可以译为:随着；reasoning是reason推理的动 名词形式，要译为“推理”，而不是“理由”。【词汇】advanced 先进的，进步的；non-commercial 非经济的,非贸易性的“；within reason 合情合理的，理智的。【译文】随着越来越多人努力将推

24、理和科学哲学论融入世界。文艺复兴结束了，是时候迎来一个新的 时代。(50)【考点】主语从句，定语从句，被动语态【解析】本句主句是完整的被动语态，建议翻译成主动，更加通顺。词汇tend to do sth. “倾向于做某事“；be essential to sth.对必要的 ；healthy functioning 健康运行，健康机制”。【译文】拉丁语“智慧勇气”或者“敢于求知”充分体现了这种寻求知识和理解我们已知信息的行为。答案解析(46)【考点】被动语态，动名词【解析】Church大写，指代上文的Roman Catholicism Church罗马天主教，eclipse表示：使相形见细, 黯

25、然失色，Medieval:中世纪，Renaissance指文艺复兴，上述词汇未正确译出，均会酌情扣分。【词汇】Renaissance 文艺复兴，ways of things思维方式;gap ”差距，分歧”；bridge ”消除，连 接”；lead to 导致，通向，intellectual 智力，知识分子 territory ”领域，领土”。【译文】随着文艺复兴使天主教的教义和思维方式黯然失色，中世纪和现代之间的差距被缩小，带 来了全新和未知的知识领域。(47)【考点】复合句，定语从句【解析】their指代上文的诸如伽利略这样的great minds,需要译出，revelations指他们的科

26、学研究和理 论，geo-centricview根据后面的同位语从句，应该很好推测，意思是“地心说”。同位语从句可以拆 译。【词汇】revelation启示,揭露;at the time在那时候;sustain维持，保持;ancient古老的，古代的； universe 宇宙。【译文】在思想巨人们的每一个科学理念出现之前，当时的许多思想者一直保留着更加古老的思考方 式，包括地心说，这一学说认为地球是宇宙的中心。(48)【考点】主语从句，并列结构【解析】attempts是名词:尝试,这里可以名词变成动词，使句子更加通顺；suppress镇压,压 迫；logicians逻辑学家，rationalis

27、ts理性主义者。【词汇】despite尽管，即使：generation一代，一批；function作用,运转；at a rate以一种速度； ignore 忽视。【译文】尽管教会试图镇压新一代的逻辑学者和理性主义者，但是他们对宇宙运转理论的探索以一种 平民和教会都无法忽视的速度不断涌现。(49)【考点】不定式，连词【解析】复合句。句首as表示主句从句动作同时发生，可以译为:随着；reasoning是reason推理的动 名词形式，要译为“推理”，而不是“理由”。【词汇】advanced ”先进的,进步的“；non-commercial “非经济的,非贸易性的；within reason 合情合

28、理的，理智的。【译文】随着越来越多人努力将推理和科学哲学论融入世界。文艺复兴结束了，是时候迎来一个新的 时代。(50)【考点】主语从句，定语从句，被动语态【解析】本句主句是完整的被动语态，建议翻译成主动，更加通顺。词汇tend to do sth.“倾向于做某事；be essential to sth.对必要的 ；healthy functioning ”健康运行，健康机制”。【译文】拉丁语“智慧勇气”或者“敢于求知”充分体现了这种寻求知识和理解我们已知信息的行为。Section III WritingPart ADirections:The Student Union of your uni

29、versity has assigned you to inform the international studentsaboutan upcoming singing contest. Write a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)参考答案参考范文NoticeFor all the international students, a singing contest is going to be

30、 held next month in the auditorium of our university. The notice is released here to inform you the details.The contest will start at 7 o clock p.m. on January 1, 2020. Anyone who is interested in singing can come to the student union building to sign up and fill in an application form, including yo

31、ur name, age, nationality, and the song you prepare for the contest before this weekend.If you have any questions or suggestions about the contest, please do not hesitate to contact us. We are looking forward to your participation.Students UnionDecember 18, 2019Part BDirections:Write an essay of 160

32、-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you shoulddescribe the picture briefly,interpret the implied meaning, andgive your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)习惯参考答案参考范文The drawings compare the different ways two students approach an assignment. In the left picture, the girl writes quickly on her notebook, deciding it s better to get everything done as soon as poss