八年级下时态

1、PAGE 9PAGE 10（一）一般将来时 概念：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 基本结构： be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better

2、 after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont 否定句构成：will + not （

3、wont）+do Sarah wont come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词will主语？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 一般将来时专项练习一、单项选择 ( ) 1 He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; isB. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 2 There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. wasB. is goi

4、ng to have C. will haveD. is going to be（ ）3 Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? _. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont D. No, please. ( )4. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. givesD. give ( )5. _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will

5、 be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( )6. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 7 He _ in three days.A. coming backB. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 8. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C.

6、doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( )9. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _ （不去）. A. they willnt. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. they dont.10 ,the plane (take ) off in five minute.（二）should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk f

7、ood. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。 Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。 学习向别人提建议的几种句式： （1）I think you should （2）Well, you could （3）Maybe you should （4）Why dont you? （5）What a

8、bout doing sth.? （6）Youd better do sth. 例如：we should (get ) a part-time job.（三）过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。 1. 构成 was /were + doing，例如： I was watching TV at 9 oclock last night. at 9 oclock last night是时间点 They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon是时间段 2. 过去进行时的标志词 at 8

9、oclock last night, this time yesterday等。例如： I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。） 例如： 1.what you (do)at this time yesterday?2.the Whites (visit ) the museum at 8 yesterday morning,（四）if引导的条件状语从句结构：if一般现在时，主语

10、将来时含义：如果，将要例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他，他会帮助你。If need be, well work all night. 如果需要，我们就干个通宵。if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子 叫条件状语 从句，表示假设或条件，意思是 “ 如果的话”，用法如下：1、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下： If +句子（一般现在时），+主句（主语will/may/can) +动词）a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.b

11、. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义 . 民 间谚语等，句型是： If + 句子 （一般现在时 ），+ 主句 （ 一般现在时）.例： If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed . If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water .If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks If you cook a banana,

12、it becomes very soft .If a plant dont get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.（ ）. 1. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have（ ）2. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine（五）现在完成时一定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或

13、结果。 表示过去某一时间已经开始, 一直持续到现在的动作或状态。二现在完成时的构成：have (has）+ 动词的 过去分词例如：1. I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间。2. He hasnt finished his homework. 他还没完成作业。 3.We have studied English for two years. 我们已经学了两年英语了。三现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not

14、+ 动词的过去 分词. 四过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种：1.规则变化: a)一般情况下，在动词后直接加ed, playplayed，workworked，waterwatered, b) 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, carrycarried studystudied等;c）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed stopstopped，shopshopped2.不规则变化：见不规则动词表 写出下列动词的过去分词：puthear come gomakegive watch doswimbe talk forgetwant

15、study stop keeptakesee like are五用法1：现在完成时常和副词already, just, yet, never, ever ,before , so far等连用。(already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。)already一般用于肯定句，；yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句。例如：He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents ye

16、t? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？用法:2现在完成时常和for 或since 引导的表示 “一段时间”的短语或从句连用。此时动词不可用终止性动词，而必须用延续性动词for+时间段 since+时间点 since+时间段+ago since+从句一.用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago 4._ 1999 6._ 4 oclock 7 4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ she left here在英语中，一些瞬间性动词在用于现在完成时。应该把他们变成延续性的动词及短语或表可延续状态的形容词，下面

17、给大家提供一些borrow keep leavebe away start/beginbe onbuyhave die be dead join be a member of become be finish be over,come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了II.不可延续性动

18、词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿六1.句型It is the first （second, third.) time that.的that从句中，谓语动词须用现在完成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。如：It is the first time that I have been here. 2.have been to/ have gone to 的区别have/has been to 表示 (曾经）去过某地 (表示主语曾经去过某地”,但现

19、在已离开)。have/has gone to 表示（已经）去了某地 (表示主语现在已经去了某地, 不在说话地点)have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”例如：Have you ever been to Hainan? 你去过海南吗?We have been to the city twice. 我们去过那个城市两次。Where is Lily? She is not here. She has gone to the library. Lily在哪里？她不在这里，她去图书馆了。七现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较1、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说

20、话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在产生的影响。如： He visited Guilin in 1998.2、 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如： Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)3、 两种时态的区分(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是助动词have /has +过去分词。(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in

21、 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since., for.等表示一段时间的状语连用。现在完成时专项练习一、 单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know2、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has change

22、d ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better 3、Li Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying4、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see5、How long have you _ here ? A

23、bout two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived6、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been7、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been8、The students have cleaned the classroom,_ ? A. so

24、 they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they9、_ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Hav

25、e ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began（六）现在完成进行时1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。2 现在完成进行时的构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成3 现在完成进行时的基本句型肯定式 I/We have been working.疑问式 Have you been worki

26、ng？ 简略回答 Yes，I/we have. No，I/we havent.肯定式 He/She/It has been working.疑问式 Has he/she/it been working？ 简略回答 Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasnt.4 现在完成进行时的用法在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：Ive been reading this book for two hours，but I havent finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。Ive read this book.我已读完这本书了。2）强调动作延

27、续时间的长久或带感情色彩。She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。练习:Mr Li swimming for 3 hours, and his son an hour ago.has been, started B.have started, has startedC.started, started D. Has started, has startedHow

28、long you stamps? Since two years ago.have, collect B.have, been collecting C.did, collect D.are, collectingThe boy TV all the morning.has watched B.had watched C.has been watching D.watched have you been learning to swim? Half a year.How long B. How often C.How far D.WhenOur teacher has been teachin

29、g in this school for .two year and a half B.two and a half yearC.two years and half D.two and a half years（七）直接引语变间接引语的转换：（一）如何变人称：口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me. ”She said her brother wanted to go with her

30、.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：He said to Kate.“How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.” Mr. Smith said Jack was a

31、good worker.（二）时态的变化 如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。He says, “I have been writing a novel.” He says that he has been writing a novel. He says:thats all right. He says thats all right. 如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进

32、行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时Can/mayCould/mightShe said:I am a student. She said (that) she was a student.(一般现在时变成一般过去时)She said：He will go to see his friendShe said he would go to see his friend.( 一般将来时变成过去将来时)Tom said:I am going to play basketball tomorrow. The teacher said, “You are

33、 doing OK.” 老师说：“你们干得很不错。”The teacher said we were doing OK. 老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）She said, “I am reading a book. 注意以下几种情况：时态不变1.直接引语是客观真理。The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun. The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.2. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jack said:I was doing chores when Tom c

34、ame in.Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came in.3. 直接引语中有具体的过去的某年某月某日，变间接引语时，时态不变。Jack said:I was born on April 21,1980 Jack said he was born on April 21,1980.4. 直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作时，变间接引语，时态不变。He said:I get up at six every morning. He said he gets up at six every morning.5.如果直接引语中的情态动词

35、没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式，不用变。The doctor said ,You should stay in bed for 2 days. The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.（三）如何变状语。时间状语由“现在”变为“原来”直 接 引 语间 接 引 语now 现在then 那时today 今天that day 那天this evening 今晚that evening 那天晚上yesterday 昨天the day before 前一天yesterday morning 昨天上午the morning before前一天上午

36、last night 昨天晚上the night before 前一天晚上two days ago 两天前two days before 两天前next week 下周the next week/the following week 第二周tomorrow 明天the next day/the following day 第二天the day before yesterday 前天two days before 两天前the day after tomorrow 后天in two days time/two days after 两天后地点状语here变为there “Well leave h

37、ere tomorrow,” he said. 他说：“我们明天离开这里。”He said that they would leave there the next day.他说他们将在第二天离开那里。指示代词由“此”变为“彼”：thisthat, thesethoseHe said:This book is mine. He said that book was his.动词come变成go（四）如何变换句型1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。如：He said,“Im happy.” He said （that） he was happy.2.一般疑问句，反义疑问句，

38、选择疑问句变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句，翻译成“是否”如：He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?” He asked me if his father knew Mr Green. 3.特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。如：He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”He asked me where Mr Wang was.（注：He asked me,“Which is the best? She asked me:What is in the classroom? 4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语改为tell,ask,order sb (not) to do sth 句型，表示命令。如：Dont make any