牛津译林版九年级英语上册Unit 4 Growing up知识点归纳

1、9AU4知识点归纳Whats on your mind?on ones mind 挂在心上，有心事He looks worried. I dont know whats on his mind. 他看上去很焦虑。我不知道他有什么心事。in ones mind 在某人看来make up ones mind 下定决心change ones mind 改变主意Growing up is hard!growing up为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。Learning English well is very important. 学好英语很重要。如果主语部分出现两个由and连接的并列动名词，并

2、且表示同一个意思，谓语动词仍用单数。Crying and shouting does not help. 哭闹是没用的。如果不是表示同一件事，谓语动词用复数。Reading a story and writing a composition are your homework.读一则故事、写一篇作文是你们的回家作业。grow up长大 Their children have all grown up and left home.孩子们都已经长大并离开了家。grow还可表示“种植，栽培”；作连系动词时，表示“变得”People grow rice in the south. 人们在南方种植水稻。

3、The girl grew thinner and thinner. 这个女孩变得越来越瘦。Soon the sky grew light. 不久天空就变亮了。I can read them whenever I want to.whenever 无论何时，每当 Whenever I met him, he was always reading a book. 每当我看到他，他总是在看书。I can offer you some advice whenever you are in trouble.无论何时你有麻烦，我都可以为你提供建议。I like to learn about the wo

4、rld through the Internet.through 穿过；从头到尾，贯穿始终；通过We drove through the tunnel. 我们开车穿过隧道。The boy had to do his homework through the weekend.这个男孩不得不整个周末都做作业。Finally he realized his dream through great effort. 最终他通过巨大的努力实现了他的梦想。As soon as you click the mouse, theres a great deal of information.as soon as

5、 一就（引导时间状语从句）当主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. 我一到纽约就会打电话给你。当主句用一般过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。He arrived as soon as I left. 我一离开他就到了。a great/good deal of 大量（和much一样只修饰不可数名词）many, a (large) number of, a great/good many只修饰可数名词a lot of/lots of, plenty of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词

6、While attending junior high, Spud tried out for the school team, but he was refused to play at first because he was too small.此句中的while和attending之间省略了he was当主从句的主语一致，并且从句中含有be动词时，可以把从句中的主语和be动词一起省略。You must be careful when (you are) crossing the road. 你过马路时必须小心。He stood up when (he was) asked by the

7、 teacher. 当被老师叫到的时候，他站了起来。attend强调以某种身份出席某项活动I have an important meeting to attend today. 我今天有个重要会议要参加。take part in 参加活动、比赛，并在其中发挥积极作用We should take an active part in school activities. 我们应该积极参加学校活动。join指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，成为其中一员，后接表示组织的集体名词，或表示参加某种特定的活动。如：the Party, the club, the Young Pioneer等I will

8、never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我将永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。It is meaningful for you to join a charity walk. 对你来说参加慈善步行是有意义的。join in主要指参加小规模的活动（游戏、比赛等）Lets join in the ball game. 让我们去参加球赛吧。join sb. in sth. 指加入某人做某事的行列中或正在进行的事情中He was glad to join them in playing games. 他很高兴和他们一起做游戏。try out for 参加选

9、拔，争取进入try to do sth. 尽力去做某事，try doing sth. 尝试做某事He tried to pass the exam. 他尽力通过考试。Im going to try solving the problem in another way. 我将尝试用另外一种方法解决这个问题。refuse sb./sth. He refused my help. 他拒绝了我的帮助。refuse to do sth. He refused to tell me the truth. 他拒绝告诉我真相。refuse sb. sth. She cant refuse him his in

10、vitation. 她拒绝了他的邀请。但不可以说refuse sb. to do sth.He refused me to go.（错误）应改为：He refused to let me go.He did not lose heart.lose heart 灰心（不能说lose ones heart）My teacher always helps me whenever I lose heart. 每当我灰心的时候，老师总是帮助我。He practised even harder and got the coach to change his mind.get sb. to do sth.=

11、make/let/have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事I dont know how to get the baby to stop crying. 我不知道如何使这个婴儿停止哭闹。Spud went on to become leader of the team.go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事go on doing sth.=go on with sth. 继续做同一件事After the students read the text, they went on to do their exercises.读完课文之后，学生们继续做练习。After a rest,

12、 we went on with our lesson.= After a rest, we went on having our lesson.休息以后，我们继续上课。此句中的leader之前没有加冠词，是因为表示某个范围内唯一的头衔或职位We chose Tom as monitor of our class. 我们选汤姆做我们班的班长。There he led his team to the national championship.lead sb. to 把某人带到They led us to a park. 他们把我们带到了一个公园。lead to 通向，导致All roads l

13、ead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 His hard work led to his great success. 他的努力工作造就了他的成功。As a result, he succeeded in getting a scholarship.as a result 因此，结果 先交代原因，然后用as a result连接结果She missed the bus. As a result, she was late for school. 她没赶上公交车，所以上学迟到了。as a result of相当于because ofHe was late as a result of/bec

14、ause of the snow. 由于下雪，他迟到了。succeed in doing sth.=be successful in doing sth.=do sth. successfully=have success in doing sth.He succeeded in passing the exam.=He was successful in passing the exam.=He passed the exam successfully.=He had success in passing the exam.他成功通过了考试。success作可数名词时，表示“成功的人或事”（

15、具体意义），作不可数名词时，表示“成功”（抽象意义）。The charity show was a great success.=The charity show was very successful.这次慈善义演大获成功。Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。Although he was a great player at university, the NBA was not interested in him because all its players were more than 20 cm taller than he was.a

16、lthough, though都引导让步状语从句，但although比较正式，语气更重两者和but不能用在同一个句子中。Although/Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out. 虽然下大雨，但他仍然出去。After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.graduate from 从毕业force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事Its unwise

17、of you to force your son to accept the job.你逼迫你儿子接受这份工作是不明智的。 He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him.remain作不及物动词时，表示“剩余；停留”，作系动词时，表示“保持，仍然是”Only a few leaves remained on the tree. 树上只剩下几片叶子了。Dont remain/stay at home all the time. 不要一直待在家里。You should remain/keep/stay mo

18、dest although you have made great progress.虽然你已经取得了巨大的进步，但是你应该保持谦虚。It remained a secret. 这仍然是个秘密。take notice of=pay attention to 留意到take no notice of 没有注意到take little notice of 很少注意到Im sorry I didnt take notice of what you said just now.很抱歉我刚才没有注意到你所说的话。Through hard work, Spud Webb proved that size

19、and body type does not ve 证实，证明 后可接名词、“宾语+宾补”的复合结构、从句He has proved his courage in the battle. 在战斗中他证实了他的英勇。They proved themselves talented. 他们证明了自己很有天赋。He proved that he had got the correct answer. 他证明自己已经得出了正确答案。when, while, as都可以理解为“当.时候”，但也有具体差别：when只表示一般的时间关系，它既可指时间的一点，也可指一段时间。用when时，从

20、句的动作可与主句的动作同时发生，也可在主句的动作之前或之后，因此when用得最多。如：When I read the book, I cant help thinking of my childhood.When he finished his homework, he took a short rest.while只能指一段时间，而不能指时间的一点。用while时，从句的动作必须与主句的动作同时发生。因此，从句中的谓语必须是表示延续性动作或状态的动词。这是while与when的主要差别。如： Ill take care of your children while you are away.

21、Dont get on or off the bus while it is moving.用as时，从句的动作也必须与主句的动作同时发生，着重指从句与主句的动作伴随发生，可译成：一面一面，随着。如：We took notes as we listened to the lecture.As time goes by, she became more and more beautiful.从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as可互换。 When/While/As she was making a phonecall，I was writing a le

22、tter强调两个动作同时发生，常用“过去进行时+while+过去进行时”结构。Mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.强调某个动作发生的时候，另一个动作正在进行，常用“一般过去时+while+过去进行时”结构。It began to rain while we were playing outside.强调某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生，常用“过去进行时+when+一般过去时”结构。We were having a meeting when he came in.since自从以来（与现在完成时或过去完成时连用，引导时间状语从句

23、）；既然，由于（引导原因状语从句）since表示过去的时间点的短语I have had a computer since last year.since表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born.since时间段ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从以来”， 其用法主要有两种： a.现在完成时的主句since引导的一般过去时态的时间状语从句。The old man has lived in the village since he came here twenty

24、years ago.自从这个老人二十年前来到这里，他就一直生活在这个村庄里。b. It be(主句中谓语用一般式和用完成式区别不大， 后者更具强调意味)表示一段时间的词汇since引导的时间状语从句。 It is/has been twenty years since the old man came here. 自从这个老人来到这里，已经有二十年了。Since everyone is here, lets begin the meeting. 既然人都到齐了，那么我们开始开会。Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.既

25、然你不能回答这个问题，我将问问别人。till/until直到时为止（用于句首时，只能用until）Until then, I knew nothing about it. 直到那时，我对这件事一无所知。notuntil直到才，till/until后接短语或从句。You cannot watch TV till/until you finish your homework.直到完成作业，你才能看电视。当until从句与肯定的主句连用时，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；与否定的主句连用时，主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。The boy waited until his mother came b

26、ack. 这个男孩一直等，直到他母亲回来。 The boy didnt leave until his mother came back.这个男孩直到母亲回来才离开。He scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks.against反对；紧靠；与对阵Thats against the law.那是违法的。The rain is beating against the window.雨拍打着窗户。We will play against that team next week.我们下周将与那个队比赛。World War II broke

27、 out in Europe in 1939 and ended in 1945.break out （战争、疾病等不愉快之事）突然爆发（无被动）A fire broke out last night. 昨晚发生了一场火灾。break down 出问题，出故障His car broke down on his way home. 在他回家的路上，他的车坏了。break up 分开，分解They broke up the big company into several smaller ones.他们把这家大公司分解成几家小公司。break into 强行闯入Someone broke into

28、 the house last night. 昨晚有人强行闯入这个房屋。translate into 翻译成translate from 从翻译过来The book has been translated from Chinese into English. 这本书已经被从中文翻译成了英文。die of 强调由于内部原因而死亡；die from强调由于外部原因而死亡The old man died of heart disease. 这位老人由于心脏病而死亡。He died from a car accident. 他死于一次车祸。dead(adj.) death(n.) dying(adj.

29、临死的)have sth. done的用法 “ have + sth. （宾语）+ 过去分词（宾语补足语）”意为“让 / 叫 / 使 / 请别人做某事”。宾 语sth. 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth. 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系，也可表示某种遭遇。We had the computer repaired just now. 他刚才请人把电脑修理了一下。He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷了。I admire these children for their courage.admire sb. for sth. 在某方面钦佩某人They admir

30、e him very much. 他们很钦佩他。Everyone admires his success in business.=Everyone admires him for his success in business. 每个人都钦佩他在生意上的成功。Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives.in fear 害怕地 The child stood there in fear. 那个孩子惊恐地站在那里。in fear of

31、害怕 Many people are in fear of snakes. 很多人害怕蛇。 My father is in his fifties.表示“十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代He is in his early thirties. 他三十岁出头。The old man was born in the 1950s/1950s. 这位老人出生于二十世纪五十年代。at the age of 表示准确的岁数The girl is at the age of ten.=The girl is ten (years old). 这个女孩十岁。He cares for the children