精选大学英语四级考试备考练习1

1、大学英语四级考试备考练习1 大学英语四级考试备考练习1Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic No Smoking in Public Places. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 有人在公共场所吸烟; 2. 在公共场所吸烟的危害; 3. 如何杜绝这一现象。 Part

2、II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage. N (for NO) if the statement co

3、ntradicts the information giv en in the passage. NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.What Is Culture Shock?Culture shock can be described as the feeling of confusion and disorientation

4、(迷惘)that one experiences when faced with a large number of new and unfamiliar people and situations. Many things contribute to it smells, sounds, flavors and the very feeling of the air one is breathing.The symptoms of culture shock can appear at different times. Although one can experience real pai

5、n from culture shock, it is also an opportunity of redefining ones life objectives. It is a great opportunity of learning and acquiring new perspectives. Culture shock can make one develop a better understanding of oneself and stimulate personal creativity. Symptoms:Sadness, loneliness, melancholy(忧

6、郁)Preoccupation with health Aches, pains and allergies(过敏)Insomnia, desire to sleep too much or too littleChanges in temperament, depression, feeling vulnerable, feeling powerlessAnger, irritability, resentment, unwillingness to interact with others Identifying with the old culture or idealizing the

7、 old country Loss of Identity:Trying too hard to absorb everything in the new culture or country Inability to solve simple problems Lack of confidence Feelings of inadequacy or insecurity Developing stereotypes about the new culture Developing obsessions such as over-cleanliness Longing for family F

8、eelings of being lost, overlooked, exploited or abused Stages of Culture ShockCulture shock has many stages. Each stage can be ongoing or appear only at certain times. The first stage is the incubation stage. In this first stage, the new arrival may feel euphoric and be pleased by all of the new thi

9、ngs encountered. This time is called the honey moon stage, as everything encountered is new and exciting. Afterwards, the second stage presents itself. A person may encounter some difficult times and crises in daily life. For example, communication difficulties may occur, such as not being understoo

10、d. In this stage, there may be feelings of discontent, impatience, anger, sadness, and feeling incompetence. This happens when a person is trying to adapt to a new culture that is very different from the culture of origin. Transition between the old methods and those of the new country is a difficul

11、t process and takes time to complete. During the transition, there can be strong feelings of dissatisfaction. The third stage is characterized by gaining some under-standing of the new culture. A new feeling of pleasure and sense of humor may be experienced. One may start to feel a certain psycholog

12、ical balance. The new arrival may not feel as lost and starts to have a feeling of direction. The individual is more familiar with the environment and wants to belong to it. This initiates an evaluation of the old ways versus those of the new. In the fourth stage, the person realizes that the new cu

13、lture has good and bad things to offer. This stage can be one of double integration(整合)or triple integration depending on the number of cultures that the person has to process. This integration is accompanied by a more solid feeling of belonging. The person starts to define himself / herself and est

14、ablish goals for living. The fifth stage is the stage that is called reentry shock. This occurs when a return to the country of origin is made. One may find that things are no longer the same. For example, some of the newly acquired customs are not in use in the old culture. These stages are present

15、 at different times and each person has his / her own way of reacting in the stages of culture shock. As a consequence, some stages will be longer and more difficult than others. Many factors contribute to the duration and effect of culture shock. The factors are the individuals state of mental heal

16、th, type of personality, previous experiences, socio-economic conditions, familiarity with the language, family and/or social support systems and level of education. How to Fight Culture ShockThe majority of emigrant individuals and families have the ability to positively confront the obstacles of a

17、 new environment. Some ways to combat stress produced by culture shock are:Develop a hobby. Dont forget the good things you already have. Remember, there are always resources that you can use. Be patient the act of emigrating is a process of adaptation to new situations. It is going to take time. Le

18、arn to be constructive. If you encounter an unfavorable environment, dont put yourself in that position again. Be easy on yourself. Dont try too hard. Learn to include a regular form of physical activity in your routine. This will help combat the sadness and loneliness in a constructive manner. Exer

19、cise, swim, take an aerobics class, etc. Relaxation and meditation have been proven to be very positive for people who are passing through periods of stress. Maintain contact with your ethnic group. This will give you a feeling of belonging and will reduce your feelings of loneliness and alienation.

20、 Maintain contact with the new culture. Learn the language. Volunteer in community activities that allow you to practice the language that you are learning. This will help you feel less stress about language and be useful at the same time. Allow yourself to feel sad about the things that you have le

21、ft behind: your family, your friends, etc.Recognize the sorrow of leaving your old country. Accept the new country. Focus your power on getting through the transition. Pay attention to relationships with your family and your colleagues. They will serve as support for you in difficult times. Establis

22、h simple goals and evaluate your progress. Find ways to live with the things that dont satisfy you 100%. Maintain confidence in yourself. Follow your ambitions and continue your plans for the future. If you feel stressed, look for help. There is always someone or some service available to help you.

23、1. Culture shock can make one develop a better understanding of oneself and stimulate personal creativity. 2. You may feel culture shock when you go to live in a foreign culture. 3. You feel lonely and depressed during the first stage of culture shock. 4. A new feeling of pleasure and sense of humor

24、 may be experienced in the third stage. 5. only happens to young people that culture shock might be reversed. 6. One may find that things are no longer the same during re-entry shock. 7. Emigrant individuals and families cannot combat the stress produced by culture shock. 8. The new arrival may not

25、feel as lost and starts to _ in the third stage. 9. Many things _ it smells, sounds, flavors and the very feeling of the air one is breathing. 10. _ relationships with your family and your colleagues. They will serve as support for you in difficult times. Part III Reading Comprehension (Reading in D

26、epth)(25minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is id

27、entified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.This year, the summer travel crush could prove to be one of the toughest on record: high fares, crowded planes and thousands of lost bags every day. Flight delays,

28、 already at their highest levels since 2001, could also bedevil(长期搅扰)travelers if thunderstorms or hurricanes(飓风)hit particularly hard. A few smart strategies 11 by analysts, travel consultants and airline representatives could help 12 the way. Firstly, you can go on the Internet to look for package

29、 flights, or you can fly on low-demand days to find a cheap 13 . Secondly, if you get booted or find yourself on a flight going 14 , youd better have a backup plan a list of other flights on other airlines heading to the destination, and then get on the phone with the airlines reservation service. I

30、f those carriers have open seats, 15 them right away. If your original airline still cannot find you seats on one of its flights, it will pay for your tickets on the other carrier. Thirdly, you can start your trip in the morning to 16 delays and cancellations. Because problems tend to mount 17 the d

31、ay, it makes sense that earlier flights have a better chance of fewer delays; the chain effect can make an airlines schedule worse later in the day. Finally, what can you do to ensure your bags make 18 to your destination with you? Here are some tips for reducing the risks of arriving without your b

32、ags and mitigating(减轻)the problems if you do:Make sure your baggage tags 19 where you are going.If traveling with a 20 , pack some of each others belongings in each bag. That way, if the airline misplaces one bag, you might arrive with the other and have a few items of clothing.Pack backup clothes i

33、n a carry-on bag.Fly an airline that does not lose many bags.A) spouse I) avoidB) reserve J) smoothC) offered K) throughD) it L) matchE) fare M) costF) affecting N) anywhereG) sensed O) speciallyH)nowhereSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some ques

34、tions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice. Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Anthropologist Margaret Mead is known for her groundbreaking research on the effects of culture on g

35、ender roles. Her working hypothesis(假设)was that if gender behavior was the effect purely of biology, then what was considered masculine and feminine would be the same in all cultures. If gender behavior differed in different cultures, this would demonstrate that gender behavior resulted from culture

36、 rather than biology.To test this hypothesis, Mead studied three different societies in New Guinea. The first society that she studied was the Arapesh (阿拉佩什人). In this society, she ob-served that behavior by men and behavior by women were remarkably similar. She found that both men and women exhibit

37、ed characteristics that are traditionally considered feminine: they were sensitive to each others feelings and expressed emotions. The second society that she studied in New Guinea was the Mundugumor (蒙杜古马人), which was a society of headhunters and cannibals (食人肉者). The society was the opposite of th

38、e gentle and feminine Arapesh. In this second society, both men and women exhibited characteristics that are traditionally considered male: they were harsh and aggressive. In the third society that she studied, the Tchambuli(德昌布利人), Mead found that males and females exhibited very different types of

39、 behavior. What was unusual was that the roles were the opposite of what we have come to expect. Mead found that in this society, the men were emotional and submissive to the women, and the women were dominant and aggressive.Based on these findings, Margaret Mead came to the conclusion that culture,

40、 more than biology, determines gender behavior.21. According to the passage, Margaret Mead believed that _.A) what we consider masculine and feminine results from culture but not biologyB) we cannot prove the effects of culture on gender rolesC)there are no cannibals in the worldD) the Arapesh is a

41、wonderful tribe22. In the Arapesh society, behavior by men and behavior by women are remarkably similar, where _.A) the men are emotional and submissive to the women, and the women are dominant and aggressiveB) both men and women exhibit characteristics that are traditionally considered maleC)both m

42、en and women are sensitive to each othersfeelings and express emotionsD) nobody knows why they act the way they do 23. The word submissive in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 means_.A)obedientB)givingC) feminineD) masculine24. According to the passage, which of the following state ments is FALSE?A)T

43、he Mundugumor is the society in which men and women are sensitive to each others feelings and express emotionsB) The Tchambuli is the society in which the men are emotional and submissive to the women, and the women are dominant and aggressiveC) Margaret Meads conclusion is based on the findings fro

44、m the three societies in New GuineaD) gender behavior results from culture rather than biology25. The authors purpose in writing the passage is _.A) to describe the three different societies in New GuineaB) to introduce Margaret Meads hypothesis on gender behaviorC) to argue against the opinion that

45、 gender behavior is the effect purely of biologyD) to demonstrate that gender behavior should be the same in all cultures Passage TwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Hemp(大麻)has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food

46、 and rope. For many centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a worldwide trading network would not have been possible without hemp. Nowadays, ships cables are usu

47、ally made from wire or synthetic fibers, but scientists are suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of paper and pulp(纸浆). According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists bel

48、ieve that the large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canadas forests.However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fiber, rope, oils, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis(大麻制品), related to the plant from which mari

49、juana(大麻毒品)is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fiber-producing hemp plant. Although both George Washington and Thoma

50、s Jefferson grew hemp in large quantities on their own land, any American growing the plant today would soon find himself / herself in prison despite the fact that marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug).In recent years, t

51、wo major movements for legalization have been gathering strength. One group of activists believe that ALL cannabis should be legal both the hemp plant and the marijuana plant and that the use of the drug marijuana should not be an offense. They argue that marijuana is not dangerous or addictive, and

52、 that it is used by large numbers of people who are not criminals but productive members of society. They also point out that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. The other legalization movement is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fiber; this group wants to make it lega

53、l to cultivate the plant and sell the fiber for paper and pulp production. This second group has had a major triumph recently: in 1997, Canada legalized the farming of hemp for fiber. For the first time since 1938, hundreds of farmers are planting this crop, and soon we can expect to see pulp and pa

54、per produced from this new source.26. Why was the hemp plant essential to world-wide trade in the past?A) Because ships ropes were made from it.B) Because hemp was a very profitable exportC)Because hemp was used as fuel for ships.D)Because hemp was used as food for sailors.27. Why do agriculturalist

55、s think that hemp would be better for paper production than trees?A)Because it is cheaper to grow hemp than to cut down trees.B)Because more paper can be produced from the same area of land.C)Because hemp produces higher quality paper.D)Because hemp can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food

56、, and rope.28.Why was hemp banned?A)Because it was related to the marijuana plant.B)Because it was illegal in many countries of the world.C)Because it was no longer a useful crop.D) Because it was destructive to the land.29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Fib

57、er is a powerful chemical ingredient of the cannabis plants. B) Some activists believe that both marijuana and hemp should be legal.C) Canada has just legalized marijuana. D) Hemp was illegal in George Washingtons and Thomas Jeffersons time.30. What is the main idea of the passage? A) Hemp was essen

58、tial to the economies of many countries.B) Hemp is illegal in many countries.C) Hemp plants are being legalized.D) All of the above. Part IV Cloze(15minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the

59、 ONE that best fits into the passage. What does Dyslexia(诵读困难症) have to do with food or nutrition? At the 56th Annual Conference of the International Dyslexia Association in Denver, Dr. Susan Koger, a professor from Willamette University in Oregon, presented a(n) 31 paper on the risks of environment

60、al toxins(毒素)for developing learning differences, 32 dyslexia. Dr. Koger emphasized that humans are 33 during their lifetime to potential exposure 34 75,000 or more synthetic chemicals. More than 98 percent of families and 80 percent of pregnant women are 35 to these potential chemical toxins. The m