人教版新高考英语一轮复习　介词和介词短语

1、语法专项提升语法专题三介词和介词短语 英 语2022高中总复习优化设计GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内容索引核心考点分层突破 专项训练巩固提升核心考点分层突破高考链接1.(2020全国, 语篇填空)Bamboo plants are associatedhealth, abundance and a happy home. 2.(2020全国, 语篇填空)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist earth. with be associated with是固定搭配, 意为 “与有关

2、”。 on on earth是固定搭配, 意为 “在世界上”。 3.(2020山东, 语篇填空) Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with other amusements. for compete for. 是固定搭配, 意为“为而竞争”。 4.(2020天津,单项填空)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked a cake the shape of a monkey. in in the shape of. 意为“以的形状”。此处表示烘焙了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。5.(2019全国, 语篇填

3、空)Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s. of/for 该空前面是名词methods, 后面是动词-ing形式, 故应填介词。可以用of表示所属关系, 也可填for。6.(2018全国, 语篇填空)I was searching these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. for 句意: 我在寻找我一直在观察的这三只西部低地大猩猩。search for是固定搭配, 意为 “寻找”。考

4、点归纳考点一 表示时间和日期的介词1.in用在表示年份、季节、月份, 以及泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前; on用在表示某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前; at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的名词前。We will have a meeting at 8 oclock in the morning on Sunday. 我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。2.for后接“一段时间”, 表示某事持续多久, 多与完成时连用; during表示“在期间”; through表示“一直, 自始至终”。The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds

5、. 这个新来的男孩子看了老师几秒钟。I went to Beijing during the summer holiday. 暑假期间我去了北京。They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。3.from, sincefrom表示时间的起点, 意为“从”, 多用于“from.to/till.”中; since表示“自从以来”。I have been waiting here from morning till noon. 我在这里从早上等到中午。Great changes have taken place in our school sin

6、ce Dec., 2015.自从2015年12月以来, 我们学校发生了很大变化。注意for和since都常与完成时连用, 但for接时间段, since接时间点。如for two hours(持续)两小时; since last week自从上周以来。4.before, by, till/untilbefore指“在之前”, 与after相对。by指“不迟于, 到时为止, 在以前”, by后接过去时间时, 常与过去完成时连用; by后接将来时间时, 常与将来完成时连用。till/until表示“直到为止”, 在肯定句中, till/until必须与延续性动词连用; 在否定句中, till/un

7、til常与非延续性动词连用。Please come before ten oclock. 请在十点钟以前回来。September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill. 在9月30日之前, 你必须支付账单。You must wait for him till/until tomorrow. 你必须等他直到明天。5.after, in“after+一段时间”表示“在之后”, 用于一般过去时; 但当after后跟时间点时, 可用于各种时态。“in+一段时间”表示以说话时为起点的一段时间之后, 与一般将来时连用; 但表示“在之内”时, 可用于各种

8、时态。After eight it began to rain. 八点后开始下雨。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 简很匆忙, 因为去机场的火车半小时内就要发车了。考点二 表示方位的介词1.on意为“在的上面”; over意为“在(垂直)的正上方”; above意为“在(不一定垂直)的上方”; under意为“在(垂直)的正下方”; below意为“在(不一定垂直)的下方”; near意为“在附近”; next to意为“紧挨着”; round/around意为“在周围”; b

9、y意为“在旁边”; along表示沿着街、路、河岸等; across主要表示从某物的表面“横过”, 涉及“面”的概念; past意为“从旁经过”; up表示向上, 反之则用down; through指从某物的内部 “穿过”; over指 “越过” 某一障碍物。The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, through valleys and over mountains. 长城从西蜿蜒东下, 穿过荒漠和山谷,并翻越了高山。2.表示两者的位置关系时, in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”; on表示“接壤, 相邻

10、”; to表示“相离, 相隔”, 两者不属于同一范围, 也不接壤。The beautiful city is in China. 这座美丽的城市在中国。考点三 表示计量的介词1.at表示“以速度, 以价格”。He bargained with the assistant, trying to get this bicycle at a low price. 他和店员讨价还价, 试图低价买下这辆自行车。2.for表示“用交换, 以为代价”。He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百美元把车卖了。3.by表示“按计算”, 后跟度量单位。接具体单位时, 该名词前用定冠

11、词the; 接具体度量名词时, 该名词前不加冠词。They are paid by the day. 他们按天计算报酬。考点四 表示行为的工具、手段或者方式的介词1.by表示用某种方式, 多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车, by email通过电子邮件。注意表示搭乘交通工具用by时, 名词前不加冠词; 用in时, 名词前要加冠词。请比较:I went there by car/in a car. 我乘汽车去那里。 2.with表示用某种具体工具、身体的某部分或器官。We speak with our mouths. 我们用嘴说话。注意with表示用某种工具时, 名词前必须用冠词或形容词性物

12、主代词。3.in表示用某种材料或语言。Please speak in English and write in ink. 请用英语说,并用墨水写。4.through表示“以(方法、手段), 经由”, 后面多接抽象名词。You can only achieve success through hard work. 只有通过努力工作, 你才能获得成功。考点五 表示“除之外”的介词besides表示包含,“除之外还有”。except表示排除,“除之外”, 指整体里面排除部分, 后面可接代词、副词、介词短语, 还可接that从句或wh-从句。 but表示排除, 多与nobody, none, no o

13、ne, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who等连用, 其后可以接不定式。except for表示“除之外”, 常在说明基本情况后, 从细节上加以修正。apart from表示“此外, 除之外还有”时, 相当于besides/as well as; 表示“撇开来说, 除去”时, 相当于except (for)。in addition to表示“除之外还有”, 相当于besides。It is a beautiful city, except for its traffic. 除了交通问题, 它是一座美丽的城市。考点六 表示原因的介词1.for表示原因, 常与

14、sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children. 史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。2.at指情感变化的原因, 意为 “因听到或看到而”。He was surprised at the news. 他对这个消息感到吃惊。3.from指 “外在的原因”, 如受伤、车祸、劳累等。Suffering from overwork, she is out of shape. 由于工作过度, 她健康状况不好。4.of指“内在的

15、原因”, 如疾病、饥饿、年老等。If they dont find enough bamboo, pandas will die of hunger. 如果找不到足够的竹子, 大熊猫会死于饥饿。5.with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。He was trembling with cold. 他冷得发抖。6.by表示外部的, 尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。She took your umbrella by mistake. 她错拿了你的伞。考点七 of和to1.of+抽象名词=形容词(1)of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词(2)of+no+抽象名词=not+

16、形容词The book is of great value to our research. 这本书对我们的研究有很大价值。This old machine is of no use. 这台旧机器没用了。2.to+ones+情感名词=to the+情感名词+of sbTo our great surprise, the boy lied to the teacher. 令我们非常吃惊的是, 那个男孩对老师撒谎了。考点八 against1.(表示方向)与方向相反; 逆着; 迎着; 顶着against the wind 迎着风; 逆着风2.(表示方位)紧靠着; 倚靠着against the wal

17、l 靠着墙3.(表示对象)对不利; 对有害; 以为竞争对手; 违反; 违背fight against同战斗; against the natural law 违背自然规律It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. 完成这项工程的确是和时间的一场赛跑。幸运的是, 我们做到了。4.(表示对比)和比; 和对照; 以为背景against the blue sky 以蓝天为背景考点九 beyond1.(表示位置)在/往的另一边; 在/往的那一边; 在/往的更远处The house is bey

18、ond the bridge. 房子在桥那边。2.(表示时间)迟于; 晚于; 在之后Dont stay here beyond midnight. 不要在这儿待到午夜以后。3.(表示范围)超出; 非所能及The switch on the wall was beyond the childrens reach. 墙上的开关小孩子是够不到的。4.(表示程度)超出的范围; 超过; 对来说太难Maths is beyond me. I can never get high grades. 数学对我来说很难。我从来都得不了高分。5.(表示数目)多于; 超过There werent beyond twe

19、nty people present. 出席的人数不超过20个。考点十 常用介词短语1.atat lunch在吃午饭at table在吃饭at school在上学at peace处于和平状态at first=at the beginning起初at the beginning of在的初始阶段at the end of.在结束时2.inin a sense从某种意义上说in common共有in place在正确位置in practice实际上; 事实上in public公开地in turn依次; 轮流; 转而in case以免; 万一in detail详细地in office执政; 在位in

20、 power当权; 在执政in progress进行中in return作为回报in time及时; 最后; 终于in the way挡路in exchange for用以交换in favour of支持in the meanwhile与此同时in spite of不管; 不顾in terms of就来说in addition to此外; 除之外3.onon behalf of代表on condition that在条件下on sale出售on strike罢工on the increase正在增加on the air在广播on the contrary与此相反4.underunder con

21、trol在控制之中under discussion在讨论中under development在发展中under construction在建设中under repair在修理中5.forfor lack of由于缺乏for the benefit of为了的利益as for就而论; 关于6.byby chance=by accident偶然; 碰巧by name凭名字; 用的名字by far到目前为止7.out ofout of order出故障out of place不适当out of control失去控制out of ones reach某人够不着的地方out of the questi

22、on不可能out of question毫无疑问专项训练巩固提升.单句语法填空1.(2020北京昌平高三二模)Once you have finished reading it, dont put it in your recycling bin. Instead, consider sharing it people who havent read it. 2.(2020北京房山高三二诊)She set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump the age of 51.with share

23、sth with sb “与某人分享某物”。句意: 一旦你阅读完毕, 不要把它放到你的再循环箱子里面去, 而是考虑跟没有阅读过这本书的人分享。at at the age of为固定搭配。句意: 她在51岁时因作为参加跳伞运动的年龄最大的女性创造了全国纪录。3.(2020北京高考适应性考试)Tiger sharks have teeth perfectly designedcutting their food, so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous. 4.It ran for just under seven kilometres

24、 and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work. for (be) designed for.是固定搭配, 意为 “为设计的; 为准备的”。 from 根据前面的to可知, 这里应填from。to and from work “上下班”。 5.After school she plans to travel before going to university to get a degreeengineering or architecture. in g

25、et a degree in. 为固定搭配, 意为 “取得学位”。 6.Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. on focus on “关注, 聚焦” , 为固定短语。 7.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands. 8.(2019河北武邑中学高三月考)Parents are attaching great importancechildrens calligraphy pract

26、ice. with 句意: 例如, 在印度大部分人传统上用手吃饭。介词with表示 “用”。to 句意: 家长们十分重视孩子们的书法练习。attach importance to “重视”。9.(2019山东临沂期中)Last night Mr Crook met some friends and stayed out midnight. 10.I kept on walking, seeing watchtower after watchtower my way.until/till 句意: 昨晚Crook先生见了几个朋友并且在外面待到午夜。until/till “直到”。on/along

27、句意: 我继续行走, 沿途看见一个接一个的瞭望塔。on/along ones way意为 “沿途”。 11.Although we didnt really understand everything, it was good to be lost the atmosphere of the occasion!in be lost in sth 意为 “沉浸于”, 是固定搭配。 12.On this blog I will be posting a travel journal photographs and drawings.with 此处with表示 “具有, 带有” , 后跟名词phot

28、ographs and drawings做后置定语。13.I was born in a town called Blackburn, in the northwest of England, and lived there till I left home the age of eighteen. 14.Most caves are formed nature under the ground, but some have entrances people can find. at at the age of为固定搭配, 意为 “在岁时”。 by 此处表示大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的。由该句

29、中的被动形式are formed可以判断, 应用介词by。15.These paintings look exactly the same the cave paintings. 16.There have been cultural exchanges China and Greece in recent years. as the same as为固定搭配, 意为 “和一样”。 between 表示 “在(两者)之间” 要用介词between。between. and. “在和之间”。17.She also goes to other countries where people cann

30、ot afford this treatment and helps them free. for for free为固定搭配, 意为 “免费” 。 18.Art usually appears the form of diverse architecture, body decoration, clothing manufacture, and memorial sculptures. in in the form of为固定搭配, 意为 “以形式”。 19.We can become a smart shopper by choosing for value, not for looks;_ other words, choose good quality goods with plain packages. 20.On some other websites, you can connect with people all over the world