sat语法讲义名师

1、主讲：Identifying Sentence Errors一、主谓一致1. 就前原则(1) N1 of N2 verb（SAT如： a group of students are中动词的单复数与 N1 有关，与 N2 无关）the details of the problems are例：The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home se, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York.N

2、o error (E).(P161.1)(2) 名词 1+介词+名词 2名词，语，verb如：studentshe classroom名词+ng/done如：students studying hard例：Fls found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlandsof eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) onedred thousand years. No error (E).2.

3、“欲擒故纵”法(P166.3)动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则，如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时，用“欲擒故纵”法。3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法(1)a number of一些；一般情况下其后动词用复数，（不受任何规律限制）；the number of的数量；其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。量词考点：a group/list/line of倒装结构：就后原则。如：here comes the bus地点状语+动词+主语Only 置于句首的倒装使用“就前原则”例：he foothills oft large mountain range is (A) the sourof a river whose

4、course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century. No error (E).(P 776.19)例：Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B)only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution e (D) known. Noerror (E).4.名词(P167.6)集合名词：family, group, stuff, team, comm

5、unity，只要这些词以单数结尾，后面的谓语动词都用单数。people, cattle,：其后的谓语动词用复数以s 结尾的词：means, species, news以cs 结尾的词：physics, mathematics，不表示复数，是单数。以us 结尾的词：octopus（章鱼）, platypus（鸭嘴兽）, -saurus（恐龙）考点：名词的单复数作业：P410.23、24，P472.22，P602.27，P721.24、26、29，P839.20、27，P894.16，P956.12，P776.12，P839.25，P957.19、28，P471.17，P534.18。二、平行结构

6、（1）名词，名词，and 名词例：Each time Caroline turns on her computer , she has (A) to enter a company code,then her initials, and then entersNo error (E).(P166.2)sword (B) before (C) she can begin working (D).例：Of thedreds of warm-water coral species, only a few (A) are highly prized (B)for use in jewelry beca

7、use of their (C) beauty, luster, and they are hard (D). No error(E).(P533.12)（2）两者之间的平行如：not only,but also neither,nor either,orand/but.例：The labor union is negotiating (A) a contract with the hospitalt (B) will satisfy(C) the demands of the workers and be acceptable to (D) all levels of management.

8、 No error (E).(P601.13)（3）句子的平行考点：同类比较特点：-er, more,n, as, like, unlike, compare to/with.如： The population of China is largernt of America.所有格和所有格之间比较时，第二个所有格是不能省略的，需要补充t of/those of/s。作业：P601.13，P777.28，P599.3，P410.21、29，P602.20、22，P659.25，P660.27，P720.14、18。三、形容词和副词adj. + n. / pron.adv. + v. / adj.

9、 / adv.如：I find the book easy. I find the book easily.例：Although canoeing through (A) the ras was exciting, it was (B) also exhausting,and we were happy for a time to have the canoe float serene (C) stretch of the river. No error (E).(P838.12)笔记：serene 平静的；serenely 平静地down (D) a smooth如：快速的发展中的国家ral

10、y develocountry例：The research study reveals (A) startling proof of a constant (B) changing seafloort comprises (C) the major part of (D) the underwater landsc(P602.29). No error (E).例：Just how (A) critical an improved balance of trade is to (B) a healthy economy hasnever been (C) more clearer (D)n i

11、t is now. No error (E).（P659.18）作业： P167.7，P192.14，P409.17，P660.29，P721.22，P894.13，P896.27，P957.23。四、逻辑主语（1）ng/done , SVO.如：Beaten black and blue, Kitty is crying. Beating black and blue, Kitty is crying.例：Contrasting with (A) most other (B) fifteenth- century rulers, Portuguese Kings could count on

12、 (C) the support of the aristocracy in any (D) overseas ventures. Noerror (E)例：Raised in a large and noisy city, it was only when I went away to collegerealized how delightful life in a small town could be.（P955.11）t I(A) it was only when I went away to collegea small town could bet I realized how d

13、elightful life inwhen I went away to college I then realized how delightful life in a small town could begoing away to college made me realize how delightful life in a small town could beI did not realize how delightful life in a small town could be until I went away to collegedelightful life in a s

14、mall town was unrealized by me until I went away tocollege例：While working as a nursehe streets of Calcutta,t was when Mother Teresadeveloped a profound love for the poor.（P892.1）(A)t was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poorMother Teresa developed a profound love for the poorthen

15、 the development of Mother Teresas profound love for the poor took placeMother Teresas profound love for the poor developed(E) a profound love for the poor developedother Teresa例：Having thought the problem through with some care,t the committee did notunderstand her solution frustrated the chairextr

16、emely.（P599.5）(A)t the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairextremely(B) the chairs extremely frustration resulted from the committee notunderstanding her solution(C) the chairs frustration at the committees failing to understand hersolution was extreme(D) the chairwas extre

17、mely frustrated by the committees failure tounderstand her solution(E) the committees failing to understand her solution was an extreme frustration to the chairwhile/when/by/on/through例：By simply entering anng/done , SVO.ernet website or calling a toll-free number, a catalogorder can be placed for a

18、lmost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers.（P616.12）a catalog order can be placedby placing a catalog orderthey will place your catalog orderyou can place a catalog orderyour catalog order can be placed例：Indicating their desire to extend free entrise,Canadians elected a memb

19、er ofthe Progressive Conservative Party, Kim C（P493.13）bell, as Prime Minister in 1993.(A) Canadians elected a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, KimCbell, as Prime Minister(B) Canadians election of a member of the Progressive Conservative Party asPrime Minister was Kim Cbell(C) Kim Cbell

20、 of the Progressive Conservative Party was elected PrimeMinister of Canada(D) the Progressive Conservative Partys Kim C Minister of Canadiansbell was elected Prime(E) a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Cby Canadians as Prime Ministerbell, was elected例：Though now one of the most famo

21、us abstract artists, critics once ridiculed JacksonPollock for his technique of splattering paon canvases.（P532.8）critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollockcritics once were ridiculing Jackson PollockJackson Pollock once ridiculed by criticsJackson Pollock was once ridiculed by criticsJackson Pollock, h

22、aving once been ridiculed by critics（2）SVO,SVOng/done . S 与分词ng/done . O 与分词如：The boys are watching a galaxy of beauties passing by, slobbering.例：During (A) my most recent (B) trip, I came across (C) a wonderful antique storewandering (D)he old quarter of the city. No error (E).(P533.16)作业：P955.5，P1

23、90.2，P534.21，P846.2。五、代词代词一定要确切地指明具体对象。（1）单复数例：The starling ich a (A) pest in rural areast ise (B) nesary tofind ways (C) of controlling the growth of their (D) population. No error (E)（P167.8）例：Contrasting with (A) most other (B) fifteenth- century rulers, Portuguese Kingscould count on (C) the sup

24、port of the aristocracy in any (D) overseas ventures. No error (E)（2）主格，宾格主格：I，we，they宾格：me，us，him，her区别：做主格的一般出现在句首，做宾格的一般出现在动词、介词后。宾语：动词宾语、介词宾语。例：The report Alexander is discussing (A), a report prepared joly by he (B) and thecommittee, does not take o account (C) the socioeconomic sus of thoseerv

25、iewed (D). No error (E)（P602.21）例：Apparently impressed with (A) our plans, the foundation awarded Carlos and I (B) a grant to establish (C) a network of community centers throughout (D) the city.No error (E) （P602.26）例：For we (A) students, concern about impending (B) tuition hikes was even moreacute

26、n (C) apprehenabout (D) final exams. No error (E) （P721.27）（3）one，you 不能相互指代one 与he/she 对应；ones 与they 对应例：For people in (A) many ancient societies, work was only a means of (B) survivalrathern (C) a way to improve your (D) standard of living. No error (E)（P838.19）this 划线which, who, whom,t考点：which 不能

27、指代人，who, whom 不能指代物。例：Candy manufacturers applauded the discovery by (A) researcherst studentswhich (B) smell chocolate while studying and again while taking (C) a test are ableto (D) recall more materialn students not exerror (E) （P894.15）ed to thr of chocolate. No例：In a world t (A) the rate of tec

28、hnological and so l change accelerates frighteningly (B) , change itself (C) often seems to be the only constant (D). No error (E) （P957.21）Where, in which 的区别：介词+which 的用法where作业：P410.26，P472.28，P534.20，P601.15，P602.28，P659.20，P660.28，P720.15，P721.20，P776.14，P777.23、25，P839.24、26，P957.26。六、时态（1）现在类

29、一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时，现在将来时。（2）过去类一般过去时，过去完成时，过去进行时，过去将来时。例：Jerome often referred to (A) art history textbook while he (B) was sculpting;whenever he learned a new method in art class , he seeks out (C) the work ofsculptors who had used it (D)he past. No error (E)（P409.15）例：Some of the workers who resent

30、 (A) the supervisors authority would probably (B)feelfortable if (C) they were to acquire the independencet theydemand (D) . No error (E)（P839.22）（3）不规则动词的过去分词例：Although bornhe Midwest, Langston Hughes lived most of his adult life inHarlem, in New York City, where (A), like (B) other writershe 1930s

31、, hehad wrote (C) some of his finest (D) works. No error (E)（P894.12）作业：P409.15，P471.16，P534.24，P658.12，P720.13，P777.21，P838.16，P839.22，P894.20。七、介词基础介词的搭配把介词的固定用法出得很长常考的点：有能力去做be able tohave ability to be capable ofpreoccupation with总结归纳：ng动词划线：时态、单复数；代词；平行结构；形容词和副词；名词；逻辑主语；介词。易错点：时态、固定用法、5E 选项。作业：

32、OG 上所有的挑错题，并且分类总结。Improving Senten1. 简洁原则because 比because of，aware of， considering；主动名词。；直接间接；动词例：Anita liked to watchevi, of which she found the science programsespe(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)lly fascinating.evi evi evi evievi, of which she found the science programs espelly fascinating; she found the science

33、programs espelly fascinating, and it was espelly the science programst were oscination; the fascination of the science programs espelly, espelly fascinating to her were the programs2. run on句型SVO，SVO两个句子相连：SVO，conjSVO 或者SVO；SVO副词和介词不能连接两个句子：SVO，adv SVO 或者SVO，prep SVO adv：以 ly 结尾的词；词根判断法；however, thu

34、s, hence, then, also, even练习： SVO, thus SVO.SVO, however SVO. SVO, but SVO.SVO, although SVO. SVO; therefore SVO. SVO; but SVO.SVO; although SVO.例：Since some (A) people are convinced t (B) dowsing, a method of findingunderground water with a Y-shd stick, is effective, but others condemn theprocedure

35、 as (C) mere superstition (D) . No error(E)（P602.24）1, Many students work after school and onkends, consequently they do novemuch time forng their.A,B,C,kends, consequently they do novekends, they do novekends, as a consequence they do noveD,E,kends, therefore they do novekends; consequently, they d

36、o nove2.Even the plays most minor characters work together with extraordinary skill, theirlay creates a moving theatrical experience.A, theirlay creates a moving theatrical experience.B, a moving theatrical experience is created by theirlayC, and theirlay creates a moving theatrical experience.D, an

37、d a moving theatrical experience being the creation of theirlayE, with theirlay they create a moving theatrical experience.3. 逻辑主语Logic subjectng/done ，SVO.adj./adv. ，SVO4. having，being词：在句子中充当时态的组成部分。正确：放在句首大写。例：Having been a victim of malicious rumors, Helen pur（P954. 3）Having been a victim of mal

38、icious rumorsHer being a victim of malicious rumorsHer having been victimized by malicious rumorsBecause being a victim of malicious rumorsBecause having been a victim of malicious rumorselyavoidedgossips.5.6.时态tense单复数singular & plural5、6 常常合在一起考，从动词开始划线平行结构parallel structure7.ng,ng, andng / 名词，名词，

39、and 名词 两者之间的平行例：Most drivers know not onlyt exsive speeding on highways wastes gasoline,but alsot it is dangerous. （P678.13）(A) know not onlyt exsive speeding on highways wastes(B) knowt exsive speeding on highways could be wasteful of(C) are knowledgeablet exsive speeding on highways not only waste

40、s(D) have knownt exsive speeding on highways wastes not only(E) knowt exsive speeding on highways not only by itself can waste 同类相比较8. 固定用法sot， just as so， had hardlywhen，no soonern，not any more例：The new regulations have so complicated the pros of formulating a schoolbudget to where no one on the Bo

41、ard of Education is eager to undertake the task.（P430.6）budget to wherebudget, thereforebudget, evenbudget as(E) budgett例：Just as Ireland has produced many famous writers and the Netherlands onabundance of famous paarchitects. （P775.10）ers, so Finland has provided a large number of famous(A) so Finl

42、and has provided a large number omous architectsFinland provides famous architects, and by large numbersFinlands contribution is to provided famous architects in a large number(D) and so then, for Finland, a large number omous architects is provided(E) and like them Finland has provided a large numb

43、er omous architects例：No sooner had Andrea del Sarto traveled to France to work for the French king but his wife persuaded him to return to Italy.（P676.4）(A) but his wife persuaded him to return(B) but his wife had him persuadedo returning(C)n he was persuaded by his wifet he will return(D) but he wa

44、s persuaded by his wifeo returning(E)n his wife persuaded him to return例：Chaplin will not be remembered for espousing radical causes any moren theywill remember Wayne for endorsing conservative political candidates.（P677.6）(A) any moren they will remember Wayne(B) as will Wayne not be remembered(C)

45、any moren Wayne will been remember(D) just as they will not remember Wayne(E) no more9. 双主语n Wayne will be rememberedN SVO / N, SVO / N, S, VO。例：The Basque language,debated.（P863.10）sibly one of Europes oldest, whose origins are hotlyThe Basque language,sibly one of Europes oldest, whose origins are

46、 hotly debated.The Basque language,sibly one of Europes oldest, its origins are hotlydebated.(C)debated.sibly one of Europes oldest languages, the origins of Basque are hotly(D) The origins of the Basque language,debated.sibly one of Europes oldest, are hotly(E) Basque is hotly debated as a language

47、 whose origins areoldest.sibly Europes10. 同位语优先主语，VO1. The comes recently changed direction toward Jupiter, which is leading scientiststo wonder about the comition of the object.(A) which is leading scientists to wonder aboutthis development leading scientists to wonder aboutand with it scientists w

48、onder ofa development leading scientists to wonder aboutthis leading scientists to wonder on2. The rare-earth metal dysprosium, being a member of the lan group IIIb of the periodic table.nide series, and is in(A) dysprosium, being a member of the lanthe periodic tablenide series, and is in group III

49、b ofdysprosium is a member of the lan periodic tabledysprosium, a member of the lan tabledysprosium is in group IIIb of thenide series, it is in group IIIb of thenide series, is in group IIIb of the periodicperiodic tabeing a member of thelannide series(E) dysprosium, to be a member of the lannide s

50、eries, is in group IIIb of theperiodic table3. By the time she was twenty-one, Jane Austen had begun writing a novel which sheinitially titledImpress and which she later called Pride and Prejudice, this isa bookt many fans consider her best work.(A) this is a bookt many fans consider her best work(B

51、) since many fans consider this her best work(C) the best workt many fans considered it to be(D) a bookt many fans consider her best work(E) it is considered by many fans as her best work4. At only four-feet-eight inches and ninety-four pounds, a small frame beingnesary for a gymnast, Mary Lou Retto

52、n captured the hearts of the American peopleand won a gold medalhe 1984 Olympic Games.(A)a small frame being nesary for a gymnasthaving a small frame nebeing small frame nesary for a gymnastsary for a gymnast(D) a small frame nesary for a gymnast(E) because her small frame is nesarily fymnasts11代词 p

53、ronoun（it, they, their, which,singular & plural；t）不能pro-verb, per-sentence；例：During the labor dispute, barrels of pooes were emptied across the highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic.（P599.4）highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffichighway and thereby blocking it to all traffi

54、chighway, by which all traffic was therefore blockedhighway, and therefore this had all traffic blockedhighway, thereby blocking all traffic不能pro-none;ambiguous usage;一个句子有两个同样的指代，成立前提是必须指代同一内容原则例：The lawyers representing the parking-lot operators asserted as to the defensibilityof their practias le

55、gal and ethical.（P615.6）(A) as to the defensibility of their practias legal and ethical(B) as to their practiand their defensibility on legal and ethical grounds(C)t their practias ethics,t is the operators, are defensible in legal terms as well(D)defensible (E)t in regards to defensibility their pr

56、actiare legally and ethicallyt the practiof the operators are legally and ethically defensible12. S，VO错误用法：S, . ,ng+OS, . , which /t +OS, . , and +v. +OS, . , he / she +v.+O例：The problem of watollution, frequently compounded in certain areas becausethe treatment and release of industrial wastes are

57、not adequay regulated（. P954.2）pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas becausepollution, frequently compounded in certain areas andpollution, frequently compounded in certain areas whenpollution is frequently compounded in certain areas wherepollution is frequently compounded in certain ar

58、eas and13.S+V+O；S+V+OS+V+O；it+V+Oit 只能指代上一句话的主语。S+V+O，which S+V+O，ving/ved例：Conners, a publishing and media servicompany, is acquiring DispatchEducation, it manufactures schooiforms.（P599.2）(A) Dispatch Education, it manufactures(B) Dispatch Education, whianufacturesDispatch Education, manufacturing

59、Dispatch Education, it is manufacturingDispatch Education, for the manufacturing of例：Many communitiesy se are forming neighborhood watch programs, for itwill deter criminals.（P739.10）programs, for it will deterprograms, in which it will deter(C) programst will deterprograms for the deterrence ofprog

60、rams being able to deter例：It is hard for some young people to bevet women were at one time notadmitted to some colleges, but they have sincee coeducational.（P802.8）(A) colleges, but they have sincee coeducational(B) colleges, but they are now coeducational(C) colleges, and have sincee coeducationale