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1、PAGE PAGE 21. 高中英语语法知识词法部分讲解冠词及练习1.冠词概述冠词是虚词,它不能单独使用,它只能用在名词的前面用来说明这个名词。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词the,另一种是不定冠词a(an),还有一种是零冠词。不定冠词一般表示泛指;定冠词一般表示特指。不定冠词a (an) 与数词one 同源,是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般弱读作或:,重读ei,而an则用于元音音素前,一般弱读n, 重读n。 2.不定冠词a(an)的用法A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。 表示一个,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。eg. A Mr. Ling is waiti
2、ng for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。 a girl an English bookB. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个(泛指)。eg. His father is a doctor. I work in a middle school in Beijing. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程师。 C. 不定冠词用于单数可数名词前,可以表示其全类(泛指)。eg. An English teacher teaches the students how to learn English. A knife is a tool for
3、cutting with. 刀是切割的工具。 D. 组成词组或成语,如: a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a sudden等。 3.定冠词the的用法:定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有那(这)个的意思
4、,但意义较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1) 特指双方都明白的人或物。eg. Take the medicine.把药吃了。2) 表示上文提到过的人或事物。eg. He bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning. The dictionary is very good. He bought a house.Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3) 用于单数可数名词前,表示整体或类别。 eg.the dollar 美元 the fox 狐狸 The panda is a
5、rare animal. = A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals.4) 用来表示世界上独一无二的事物。 eg. the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world5) 用于表示阶级,党派的名词前。eg. the Chinese Communist Party中国共产党, the working class工人阶级 , the proletariat 无产阶级6) 常用于含有普通名词或形容词的专有名词前。A. 用于许多江海,山脉,群岛等名词前:eg. the Yellow River
6、, the East Sea, the Himalayas, the Pacific OceanB. 用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称:eg. the Peoples Republic of China ; the United StatesC. 用于机关,团体,朝代,时代,报刊杂志等名词前:eg. the United Nations, the State Council, the Tang Dynasty, the Peoples Daily, the Summer Palace, the Peace Hotel, the British Museum the Times7) 用于表示方位
7、的名词前。 eg. the east; the southwest; the middle; the Far East ; on the left8) 用于乐器名词前,但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词。 eg. play the piano, play the violin, play erhu9) 用于复数的姓氏前,表示两夫妇或全家,在此情况下,这类名词作复数对待。eg. When we got there, the Lius were waiting for us. The Smiths watch TV every day.10)用于某些形容词或过去分词前,表示一类人或事物。eg. the p
8、oor ; the rich; the living; the young; the wounded; the oppressed; the beautiful11)用在形容词的最高级前或序数词前及形容词only,very,same等前面。 eg. Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 Shanghai is the biggest city in china. After the game, the fir
9、st thing they wanted to do was to take a hot bath.12) 表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前。 eg. She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。 13) 用在惯用语中。eg. in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country), in the dark,in th
10、e rain,in the distance,in the middle(of),in the end, on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre等等。4.零冠词用法:1) 表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前,不用冠词。eg. Now people are living a happy life. Trees are planted everywhere. They are teachers. 他们是教师。 2) 不含普通名词的专有名词,表示泛指的物质名词和抽象名词前,不用冠词。eg. We are studying English. He is leav
11、ing for America this year. It is pleasant to walk in soft snow. Love is always stronger than hatred.Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。 *物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词。eg. Man cannot live without water.离开水人就无法生存。 3) 名词前有指示代词,物主代词,不定代词或名词所有格修饰,不用冠词。 eg. I like this picture better. Is that
12、your book? Take their chairs away! I do not have any money on me. As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct.4) 季节,月份,星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。eg. She likes spring while I like summer. We have no classes on Saturday. The Long March started in October 1934. We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从
13、星期一到星期五都上课。 5) 表示只有一人担任的职务,头衔的名词前,不用冠词。 eg. The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 We have elected him our monitor. 6) 三餐饭的名词前,一般不用冠词。eg. When do you have lunch? After supper, we usually take a walk.7) 节假日等名词前,不用冠词。eg. Children all wear their best clothes on National Day. Peo
14、ple give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.注意:在eve后有of短语则要加定冠词: eg. on the eve of National Day; on the eve of New Years Day8) 球类和棋类运动的名词前,不用冠词。 eg. play basketball; play chess9) 作表语用表示程度的形容词最高级前,不用冠词。 eg. Your help was most timely. This method is most effective.注意:如果有比较范围,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词: eg. Of al
15、l methods, this is the most effective.10) 当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词。 eg. I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。 11)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词。 eg. by bus; by train 12)有些个体名词不用冠词,如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class, town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。eg. go to hosp
16、ital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)13) 不用冠词的序数词:a. 序数词前有物主代词时。 eg. This is my first time here.b. 序数词作副词。 eg. He came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一。 c. 在固定词组中。 eg. at(the)first, first of all, from first to last等。 14) 在某些固定词组里,名词前不用冠词。eg. on foot; by train/ boat / plane ; in fact; as a mat
17、ter of fact; in class; in church; in danger; in hospital; in town; in bed; at home; at school; at daybreak; at sunrise; at dusk; at sunset; at night; at noon; go to school; go to class; go to bed; from morning till night; from victory to victory; from door to door等等。5.注意事项:1)当man作人类讲时,用零冠词。eg. Man w
18、ill conquer nature. 2)某些抽象名词具体化时是可数名词,其前可加a。 如:surprise, fire, joy, success等等。 eg. He is a success as a teacher. Long Jing is a famous tea in China.3)a用于姓氏前表示某个只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。 eg. A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside.4) 在某些句型中可加a。eg. It is a pity that you have missed the chance. It is a shame / a pl
19、easure / a honor for sb. to do sth.5) word 作消息讲时,用零冠词。 eg. Word came that he would go abroad.掌握word的固定词组:word: 1) (C)单词;词; 字eg. Do not write more than 200 words. Do you know the words to this song?Whats the English word for “桌子”? I could hear every word they were saying.word for / by word 逐字地 2)(C)说
20、的话;话语;言语eg. Have a word with (谈一谈)her and see what she thinks. He is a man of few words.Could I have a quick word with you? He often has words with (争吵)his wife.eat ones words 收回前言;认错 the last words临终的话waste ones words 白费口舌 in other words换句话说by word of mouth口头上 in a word 简言之3)(U)诺言;许诺;保证eg. keep one
21、s word 守信 break ones word 失信 give sb. ones word 向某人承诺I give you my word that this wont happen again.4)(U)消息;信息eg. send (sb.) word 传来消息;捎信 She sent word that she would be late.Please send me word of your safe arrival.Word came that the meeting would be held on Friday. Word has it that shes leaving.6.
22、冠词与形容词+名词结构:1) 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同的人或物。 eg.He raises a black and a white cat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 The black and the white cats are hers.这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。 2) 如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一人或一物。 eg. He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。 7.冠词位置 :1)不定冠词位置 : 不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意: a. 位于such,what,many,half等形容词之后。eg.I have never seen
23、such an animal. 我从来没见过这样的动物。 Many a man is fit for the job. 许多人适合这岗位。 b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。 eg.It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. 我从未这么高兴过。 So short a time 如此短的时间 Too long a distance 距离太远了 c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放
24、其前 后均可。eg. rather a cold day/a rather cold day。 d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后。eg. Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。 2)定冠词位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。eg. All the students in the class went out.班里
25、的所有学生都出去了。冠词高考考点剖析:一.冠词应着重掌握下列知识点: 1. 定冠词the、不定冠词a/an以及零冠词的一般用法; 2. 冠词的习惯用法和特殊用法。 二冠词的知识结构梳理:I. 不定冠词(a/an) 1)基本用法:表泛指, 2)请注意以下一些特殊用法: (1) 用于不可数的抽象名词前;(2) 用于某些物质名词前; eg. a coffee 一杯咖啡; a tea 一杯茶;a heavy rain 一场大雨; a strong wind 一种强烈的信念 (3) 用于专有名词前; eg. a Mr. Green ; a Mary: a Shakespeare of China 中国的
26、莎士比亚 (4) 用于某些固定结构中: eg. once upon a time , have a rest , take a bath , in a hurry , all of a sudden , as a matter of fact , Its a pity that . (5) 用于双重修饰结构中:so / as / that / too / how + adj. + a / an + n. eg. George tries to be as _ _ _(一位好老师) as possible (6) 用于表最高级含义的句型: 否定意义的词 + + a /an +比较级; 思考:没有
27、人比我的童年过的更幸福。_ II. 定冠词(the) A) 基本用法:用于各类名词前,表特指。 1. Where are the other students? Can you swim in the river? (比较:in a river) 2. the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the sky(思考:a blue sky?) 3. I have bought a book and a pen. The book is for my sister. 4. the second sentence, in the east (比较:east o
28、f); A bird is flying through the air. 5. The horse is a useful animal. (比较:A horse is useful./ Horses are useful animals.) 6. the people, the Americans, the policeman, the public, 7. The rain is falling. / The wind is blowing. 8. Shanghai is the London of China, the Venice of the East . 9. 请通过下列句式结构
29、体会the的特指用法: eg. We are living a happy life. The life we are living is happy. They made rapid progress last term. The progress they made last term was rapid. B)定冠词在一些特殊结构中的用法: 1. in + the + 数词复数式:eg. in the early 1920s 2. the + 比较级 + , the + 比较级 + :; 越; 就越 3. the +姓氏复数:eg. the Greens, 格林一家 4. the + a
30、dj.; the + 分词: eg. the rich 富人; the living 生者; 5. by the + 单位名词:eg. by the hour, 6. v. + sb. + prep. + the +人体各部位:eg. caught me by the arm.抓住了我的手臂; 7. play + the + 乐器名称,eg. play the piano / the violin8用在惯用语中。eg. in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow, the day before ye
31、sterday,the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark,in the rain,in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end, on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre III. 零冠词:1. 零冠词的基本用法:一般性的泛指,甚至表抽象意义。 2. 复数可数名词、不可数名词前不用冠词,表示泛指; eg. Horses are useful animals. (思考: A horse is useful. / The ho
32、rse is a useful animal) 3. 称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不用冠词; eg. We made him president of USA. Whos this, Mother? 4. 球类运动、棋类运动和“三餐”前不用冠词; eg. Have you had supper? 5. 表示季节、月份,星期或含day表节日的名词前不用冠词; eg. March, Christmas, Womens Day (但是:the Spring Festival ) 6. 前面已经有人称代词、指示代词或不定代词作定语的名词前不用冠词; eg. his book; that cat; any
33、people 7. by car, by bus, by bike, by train, on foot (思考:take a taxi, take a bus, in the car) 8. 某些习语,固定短语或固定结构中不用冠词。 eg. husband and wife, knife and fork, face to face, side by side to church, at home, at night, at school, go to school, in hospital, at table (思考:to the church, go to the school, in
34、the hospital, at the table) Child as he is, he knows a lot of English. (但是:A lovely girl she is, .) At last, she turned doctor. (但是:She became a doctor.)一、语法冠词基础练习:1. He takes _active part in _ sports.A. the; the B. the;/C. an;/ D./;the 2. The teacher came into the classroom, _dictionary under_ arm.
35、A. a; aB. an; aC. the; theD. /; /3. A doctor told me to take _medicine three times a day, stay in _bed, then I would be better soon. A. a; the B. a; / C. the; / D. /; a4. The southerners usually have _rice for_ lunch. A. the;the B. /; a C. /; / D. the;5. _ Einsteins did manage to send _Einstein to a
36、 technical school.A. /;/B. An; anC. The; /D. The; an6. _snow is white. The snow that covers the top of the mountain is _beautiful sight.A. The; theB. /; /C. /; aD. /; the7. Well wait for you at the gate of _school on _National Day. A. the; theB. the;/ C. a; / D. a; a8. _students in our school are mo
37、stly from_ north A. The; / B. The; a C/; the D. The; the 9. The overseas Chinese have _great love for_ their motherland.A. a; theB. an; /C. the; /D. a; /10. We walked together _arm in_ arm.A. a; a B. an; anC. the; the D. /; /11. _singer and _dancer has accepted the invitation. A. A; a B. The; the C.
38、 The; a D. The; /12. You can write a letter in _ink or_ pencil. A. /; a B. /; /C. a;/ D. an; a13. They used to go swimming in the sea in _summer, but during _summer of 2004 they were too busy to go swimming at all. A. the;/B. /; theC. /; /D. the; the14. They had to work from morning till _night in o
39、rder to pay off _ debts.A. the; theB. the; /C. /; theD. /; /15. _Yellow River is the pride of _Peoples Republic off China.A. The; aB. A; aC. The; theD. /; the16. All of _sudden, we were caught in _rain. A. /; / B. a; the C. /;the D. a; a 17. _had been committed was not realized until later. A. How s
40、erious a crime B. How serious crime C. How a serious crime D. How crime serious18. We have never seen _man. A. so handsome B. so handsome a C. a so handsome D. so a handsome19. You can hardly hope to succeed where _has failed.A. many greater manB. a many greater manC.many a greater manD. many greate
41、r a man20. How did you pay the workers? As a rule, they were paid _.A. by an hourB. by hoursC. by a hourD. by the hour21. Its _great pleasure to go to _cinema after a weeks hard work.A. a; theB. the; aC. a; aD. the; the22. As _ unemployment is very high at the moment, its very difficult for people t
42、o find _work.A. the;/B. /;/C. the; aD. an; the23. Do you like your school life? Its hard to say. If there were no _examinations, I should have _much happier time at school. A. an; aB. /; aC. a; theD/;/24. A serious accident happened at _crossroad, not far from _New World Supermarket.A. /; theB. a; a
43、 C. the; /D. a; the 25. Mr. Smith told us that _gold medal his son had got was considered _great honor to the whole family. A. the; /B. a; aC. the; aD. a; the26. _computer is really _most useful invention in the twentieth century.A. The; aB. The; /C. A; /D. /; a27. All these changes will lead to _st
44、ronger and powerful China, _country that can surprise and enrich our planet. A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the28. Really? Who will give _lecture? What is it about? About pollution. Professor Chen, _president of Beijing University.A. the; aB. the;/C. a; theD. a; /29. Hey, Mr. Smith, you are wanted
45、 on _phone. Who is calling? _Mr. Green. I dont know who he is.A. /; AB. the; /C. the; AD. /; /30. As is known to all,_ tiger is in _danger of dying out. A. a; a B. the; / C. a; / D. the; the31. Tom owns _ larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class. A. the; 不填B. a; 不填C. a; theD.
46、不填; the32. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off _. A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices33. When we got into _ trouble, _ number of people came to help me.A. the; the B. a; aC. /; aD. /; the34. For a long time they walked without saying _ word. Jim was the first to break _ silence.
47、A. the; a B. a; the C. a; /D. the; / 35. Father often says to me “Be _ honest boy today and _ useful man tomorrow.”A. a; aB. an; an C. a; anD. an; a36. What _ honest boy your son is and what _ fun he is. A. a; aB. a; / C. an; a D. an; /37. When he left _ college, he got a job as _ reporter in a news
48、paper office.A. 不填; aB.不填; theC. a; theD. the; the38. _ rich used to look down upon _ poor. A. The; 不填 B. The; theC. A; aD. A; the39. Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please.Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some; aB. an; someC. some; someD
49、. an; a40. They had to work from _morning till _night in order to pay off _debts.A. the; the; the B. the; the; /C. /; /; theD. /; /; /41. He was _ medical student before he turned _ engineer. A. a; an B. the; the C. a; / D. /; an42. Wouldnt it be _ wonderful world if all nations lived in _ peace wit
50、h one another?A. a; / B. the; / C. a; theD. the; the43. Have you seen _ Audi car I parked here? Is it _ black one? A young man has driven a black away.A. an, a B. the, theC. the, aD. an, the44. _Shanghai you see today is quite _ different city from what it used to be.A. The, /B. /, theC. The, a D. A
51、, a*45. Li Ying is good at playing _piano and I am good at playing _volleyball.A. the; the B. /; theC. a; theD. the; /46._b(B)irds can fly very high in _sky.A. /; /B. /; theC. The; theD. The; /47. _is the most widely used language. A. The EnglishB. The English languageC. An English D. English langua
52、ge48. How did you pay the workers? As a rule, they were paid_.A. by a hourB. by an hourC. by the hourD. by hours49. Dont give up, you can try for _second time.A. aB. anC. theD. /50.The Greens live in _north of England.A. aB. an C. theD. /51. Mr. White often goes out for a walk after _supper. A. aB.
53、anC. theD. /52. School begins in _. A. the SeptemberB. September C. a September D. an September53. _is a very interesting subject.A. Maths B. A mathsC. An mathsD. The maths54. She went to _Nanjing Road just not.A. aB. anC. theD. /55. Shes learning _Chinese and she is sure that _Chinese language is v
54、ery useful. A. /; /B. /; theC. the; theD. the; /56. Jim was made _of Class 2.A. monitor B. a monitorC. the monitorD. one monitor57. She plays _violin fairly well and makes a living by teaching _violin. A. the; /B. /; /C. a; /D. a; a58. _in the hand is worth two in the bush.A. Bird B. BirdsC. The bir
55、dsD. A bird59. I bought a pair of shoes _. A. at the half priceB. half at the priceC. at half the priceD. the half at price60. The United States fought in _. A. the World War IIB. World War IIC. World War the IID. Second World War61. I looked her in _face. A. a B. /C. the D. her62. Miss Smith is ill
56、 in _hospital. Jack is going to take _No. 7 Bus to see her. A. /; theB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the63. There is _ “h” in the word “without” and _letter is in the middle of this word. A. a; theB. an; theC. a; /D. an; /64. On _Teachers Day, I made _Teachers Day card to my English teacher. A. /; aB. an;
57、 theC. a; /D. an; /65.What is he? He is_. A. a teacher and writerB. a teacher and a writerC. teacher and writerD. the teacher and writer66.Do you ever see any channel? Yes, Ive been to _Channel. A. the EnglishB. EnglishC. EnglandD. an English67. She was listening to_ radio. A. aB. an C. theD. /68. I
58、 had a pain in _leg. A. aB. an C. theD. /69. I go skating in _winter and go swimming in _summer. A. /; /B. the; theC. /; theD. the; /70.Can you tell me what _for “flower” is?Sorry, I dont know _. A. Chinese; ChineseB. the Chinese; ChineseC. the Chinese; the ChineseD. Chinese; the Chinese71. _teacher
59、 and _writer is still in our school. A. The; theB. A; aC. The; /D. The; a72. Beyond _stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _space.A. the; /B. /; the C. /; / D. the; the73. Many people agree that _knowledge of English is _must in _international trade today. A. a; /; theB. the; a; theC. the; a; anD. a;
60、 a; /74._harder we study, _more well learn.A. The; theB. A; theC. The; aD. /; /75. _heavy rain it is!A. How B. How a C. WhatD. What a76. Do you have classes in _afternoon on _Saturday?A. an; theB. a; theC./; /D. the; /77. France is _European country. India is _Asian country.A. an; theB. the; anC. a;
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