免疫细胞和免疫器官教学课件

1、2免疫细胞与免疫器官Cells and organs of the immune system第1页，共40页。表 2-1 外周血中各种白细胞的比例免疫 细胞 占白细胞总数百分比（%）中性粒40-75嗜碱性粒细胞0.1-1嗜酸性粒细胞1-7单核细胞2-11淋巴细胞20-35树突细胞0.1-1一 Cells of the Immune System (免疫细胞)第2页，共40页。第3页，共40页。2-1 造血干细胞的分化途径 Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells造血干细胞 淋巴系干细胞再生B 淋巴细胞 T 淋巴细胞NK细胞 单核 细胞嗜中性粒细胞

2、嗜酸性粒细胞嗜碱性粒细胞肥大细胞 血小板 红细胞 巨核细胞 髓红系干细胞 髓系干细胞粒-单核系干细胞红母细胞造 血 干 细 胞 的 分 化 途 径树突状细胞？ 树突状细胞？第4页，共40页。2-2粒细胞系 (Granulocytes)中性粒细胞嗜酸性粒细胞嗜碱性粒细胞第5页，共40页。中性粒细胞 (Neutrophil)在普通光学显微镜下观察Giemsa染色血涂片，中性粒细胞呈淡藕荷色，多叶核，胞浆中含有大量的细胞颗粒。透射电镜下其胞浆颗粒清晰可辨。第6页，共40页。RBCNeutrophils represent 60-70% of leukocytes in the peripheral

3、blood. Their granules contain alkaline phosphatase, lysozame, lactoferrin etc. They are the earliest phagocytic cells to appear in the bacterial infection and are prominent constituent of pus.第7页，共40页。第8页，共40页。嗜酸性粒细胞 (Eosinophil)在普通光学显微镜下观察Giemsa 染色的血涂片，嗜酸性粒细胞胞核为双叶状，胞浆中含有大量深红色细胞颗粒。透射电镜下其胞浆颗粒呈结晶状。第9页

4、，共40页。Eosinophils represent 2-4% of peripheral blood white cells. Their granules contain histaminase, acid phosphatase, and major basic protein. They are important in destroying parasites, phagocytosing Ag-bound complexes, and combating histamine levels during allergic reaction. 第10页，共40页。嗜碱性粒细胞 (Ba

5、sophil)在普通光学显微镜下观察Giemsa染色的血涂片，嗜碱性粒细胞胞浆中布满深蓝色细胞颗粒。透射电镜下胞浆颗粒中充满致密物质。第11页，共40页。 静息肥大细胞激活后 5 分钟激活后 60 分钟第12页，共40页。肥大细胞 (mast cell)组织中的肥大细胞含有大量致密细胞颗粒（左）。Crohn氏病患者肠粘膜组织的肥大细胞自发释放颗粒的内容物，留下许多细胞颗粒空穴（右）。第13页，共40页。Basophils represent 1% of peripheral blood white cells. Their granules contain histamine, heparin

6、, and chemotactic factors for neutrophils and eosinophils. They are similar to mast cells in that they participate in IgE-mediated hypersensitive responses. 第14页，共40页。2-3Dendritic cells (树突细胞)Dendritic cells are bone marrow-derived cells specialized to present antigen to B or T cells in order to ini

7、tiate a primary immune response.第15页，共40页。1 郎格汉斯细胞 (Langerhans cells)上皮组织中的LC（1，普通光镜）捕捉外来抗原后即进入引流淋巴结的T细胞区，成为IDC（2，扫描电镜照片）。第16页，共40页。2 并指状树突细胞（interdigitating DC）IDC表达高水平的II类MHC分子和共刺激分子B7，具有激活T细胞的能力。第17页，共40页。B cellsFDC3 滤泡树突细胞（folicular DC, FDC）淋巴滤泡内的FDC通过Fc受体和补体受体捕获被致敏的抗原，并将其递呈给B细胞第18页，共40页。2-4单核巨噬

8、细胞（monocytes and macrophages）第19页，共40页。单 核 巨 噬 细 胞单核细胞体积较大，蹄状核（左，普通光镜）。透射电镜显示其高尔基体发达、粒体丰富、胞浆颗粒明显（中）。扫描电镜显示腹腔巨噬细胞粘附于玻璃表面（右）。第20页，共40页。第21页，共40页。第22页，共40页。第23页，共40页。第24页，共40页。Monocytes have numerous lysosomes in their cytoplasm and can readily leave the circulation to give rise to macrophages within a

9、lmost every organ. They are even more phogocytic than neutrophils in that they can degrade larger bacteria within lysosome. 第25页，共40页。2-4 Lymphocytes（淋巴细胞）Lymphocytes are a class of white blood cells that bear variable cell surface receptors for antigens. There are two main classes of lymphocytes- B

10、 and T cells-which mediate humoral and cellular immunity respectively.第26页，共40页。淋巴细胞 (lymphocytes)未活化淋巴细胞直径67微米，浆/核比例很小（左，普通光镜）。投射电镜显示未活化淋巴细胞胞核致密，胞浆中细胞器很少（右）。第27页，共40页。Resting lymphocytes have little cytoplasm and condensed nuclear chromatin. Upon activation, the cell enlarges to form a lymphoblast

11、and then proliferates and differentiates into an antigen-specific effector cell.第28页，共40页。第29页，共40页。第30页，共40页。NK第31页，共40页。T 淋巴细胞第32页，共40页。第33页，共40页。MHC/抗原肽补体运铁蛋白TCR CD35CD28B7-2CD4CD8 MHC-II/I IL-2CD71 CD58（LAF-3） CD2orFcmR FcgR抗体T 细 胞 表 面 受 体组织胺第34页，共40页。T cells are a subset of lymphocytes defined

12、by their development in the thymus and by heterodimeric receptor associated with the proteins of CD3 complex. Most T cells have ab-TCR, small percentage have gd-TCR. 第35页，共40页。B 淋巴细胞第36页，共40页。抗原 补体 (C3bi ) CD23CD28 B7-2 CD40 IL-5 FcmRB 细 胞 表 面 受 体 IL-2 IgM IgE CD21 IL-4CD32 IgG 补体 (C3b,C4b ) CD40-L第

13、37页，共40页。B cell is one of the two major types of lymphocytes. The antigen receptor on of B cells is a cell-surface Ig. On activation by Ag, B cells differentiate into plasma cells producing Ab molecules of the same Ag specificity as the receptor. 第38页，共40页。Natural Killer cells (NK 细胞)第39页，共40页。NK cells are large granular non-T non-B l