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1、专题11并列连词和状语从句(学与练)学并列连词与并列句一、并列连词.表示并列关系的连词:and:可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子,表示一种顺接的关系。We are singing and they are dancing.or:用于否认句中连接并列成分,表示“和,与”;用于祈使句+。什陈述句“中,意为”否那么,要不然”。The baby is too young. He cant speak or walk.r both.and: ”两个都”,连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomo
2、rrow.either.or.: ”要么要么”,连接的并列成分可在句中作主语,表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语 时,谓语动词通常与or后的局部保持一致。Either she or I am right.neither.nor:既不也不”,连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与nor后的局部保持一致。Neither he nor I am right.not onlybut also: “不仅而且”,强调后者;引导并列主语时,谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致。Not only the students but also the teacher gives t
3、he money to our school.表示转折关系的并列连词but ”但是”,所连接的成分意思相反或相对。Our school is small but beautiful.while 然而,可是”,表比照。He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.yet ”但是,然而用于转折。I have failed, yet I shall try again.我失败了,但我还要尝试。.表示因果关系的并列连词”由于,因为”,表示原因,不能放在句首,也不能单独使用;for引导的从句不能位于not, but或任何连词之后。The days were
4、 short, for it was now December.虽然和她谈了半天,他还是不能让她信任自己。even if/even though引导的让步状语从句even if引导的让步状语从句even if ”即使,纵然”,从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。Even if it rains tomorrow, we wont change our plan.即使明天下雨,我们也决不改变计划。Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment.即使我再次失败,我也决不会放弃实验。even though引导的让步状语从句eve
5、n though ”虽然,尽管,从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况,通常可以和although/though 换用。Even though I didnt understand a word, I kept smiling.即使我一个字也不懂,我还是保持微笑。Even though you say so, I do not believe it.即使你这样说,我也不信。as引导的让步状语从句as引导让步状语从句时,意为”尽管,虽然”,从句多位于主句之前,而且必须使用倒装语序。通常 如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语,那么把表语置于句首,而且名词前要省略冠词;如果从句中有修饰动词 的副词,那么
6、将该副词置于句首;如果从句中有情态动词,那么将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。此用法与 though的倒装完全一致。(although无此用法)Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely.我虽然佩服他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。 Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it.虽然你可能很有力气,你却无法把它提起来。Child as he is, he is very brave.尽管他还是个孩子,但是他很勇敢。while引导的让步状语从句while ”虽然,尽管,多用于正式文体,且
7、多位于句首,相当于although。While I understand your point of view, I do not share it.我虽了 解你的观点,但不敢苟同。While I sympathize, I really cant do very much to help.虽然我很同情,但我确实帮不了什么忙。疑问词-ever与no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句whatever/no matter what引导的让步状语从句whatever和no matter what用法相同,都作“无论什么”解,后者多用于非正式文体。Whatever/No matter what
8、he says, dont go.不管他说什么,你都不要走。We are determined to fulfill the task, whatever/no matter what happens.不管发生什么,我们决心完成这项任务。whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句whichever和no matter which用法相同,都作“无论哪个”解,后者多用于非正式文体。Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.不管你买明E个,者E有六个月的保修期。Whichever/N
9、o matter which of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determined to find them. 不管 是这两个人中的谁偷了她的钱包,芭芭拉都决心找到他们。whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句whoever和no matter who用法相同,都作“无论谁”解,后者多用于非正式文体。You can come in, whoever you are.不管你是谁,都不能进来。Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell
10、 him Im busy.不管谁要我接 ,就说我 现在正忙着呢。wherever/no matter where引导的让步状语从句wherever和no matter where用法相同,都作,无论在(或到)哪里”解,后者多用于非正式文体。Wherever/No matter where you go, Im right here waiting for you.无论你到哪里,我都依然在这里等着你。however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句however和no matter how用法相同,都作无论如何”解,后者多用于非正式文体。However much you regret
11、 doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now.无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经 做过的事,现在也无济于事了。However high it may be, it can* reach the sky.它不管有多高,也高不到天上去。whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句whenever和no matter when用法相同,都作“无论何时”解,后者多用于非正式文体。Whenever Tm unhappy, he cheers me up.不管什么时候我不高兴,他都给我鼓劲儿。(no matter) whether.o
12、r引导的让步状语从句由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如:Youll have to attend the ceremony whether you*re free or busy.不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼。Whether you believe it or not, its true,无论你是否相信,这都是真的。考点五、原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that(既然) 等,for表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词,语气不如becau
13、se强。because引导的原因状语从句because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由,着重点在从句,其所引导的从句,为全句句意的中心所 在。通常用于回答why引出的疑问句,语气最强,除特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后面。I didnt go abroad with her because I couldnt afford it.我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。Dont scamp your work because you are pressed for time.不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。as引导的原因状语从句as引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人开来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉
14、而不需要强调, 从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和since换用,as语气稍弱。As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman.我不认识路,因而问警察。As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain.由于在下雪,我们不去爬山 了。since引导的原因状语从句since表示人们的事实,不许强调的原因,故常译为“既然= 通常位于主句前。since从句是次 要的,重点强调主句的内容,相当于now that。Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided t
15、o take a plane.既然乘飞机旅行快得多,他们就决定坐飞机。Since you won* help me, Til ask someone else.你既然不帮我,那我就请别人帮助。now(that)引导的原因状语从句now(that)“因为;既然,通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去,用来表示一种新的情况,再加以推 论。Now(that) youve passed your test you can drive on your own.你既已考试合格,就可以单独开车了。I do remember, now (that) you mention it.你这一提,我倒确实想起来
16、了。考点六、目的状语从句in order that引导的目的状语从句in order that为了;以便”。多用于正式文体,通常可以与so that换用。They stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.他们在杭州停了 卜来,以便游览 西湖。The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.专家讲得很慢,以便人人都能听得懂。so (that)引导的目的状语从句so that ”为了;以便”。s。that通常可以与in orde
17、r that换用,它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之 后,在非正式文体中,常省略that。Speak clearly so that they may understand you.你要讲得清楚,他们才可能听得懂。She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight.她想让茶点在七点钟以前就备好,这样她八点就 可以出门了。n case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句incase, for fear(that)n lest这三个附属连词都表示否认目的,意思是“以免”,以防。in case多用 于英国英
18、语,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式,也可以是虚拟语气形式;for fear(that)引 导的从句中的谓语带有may, might, should等情态动词;lest用于正式文体,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词 用虚拟语气形式。Take your umbrella with you, lest it should rain.=Take your umbrella in case it rains.带上你的伞,以防下雨。He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain他带了一把伞,以防下雨。考点七、结果状语从句so tha
19、t引导的结果状语从句so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后,中间可以有逗号。Suddenly it began to rain heavily, so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving. 突然下起了大雨,几乎 无法继续开车。Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound.琳到达达后给我打 了 ,因而我知 道她平安无事。” so that”既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的 状语从句,除了根据句
20、意来判断外,还可根据结构形式来加以判断。假设从句前有逗号,一般为结果状语从 句,如果从句中有情态动词,通常那么为目的状语从句。They started out early, so that they didnt miss the train.他们早早就出发了,所以没误火车。(结果状语 从句)They started out early so that they would not miss the train.他们早早出发是为了不误火车。(目的状语从句)so.that引导的结果状语从句so./hat ”如此以致”,that在非正式文体中可以省略,so后面接形容词或副词。She spoke so
21、 fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲 什么。There is so little time left that 1 have to tell you about it later.现在剩下的时间不多 了,我只好以后再给你讲 这件事。such.that引导的结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的suchthat的具体内容是:such + a/an +形容词+名词+that从句。其中的名词可以 是可数名词的单数或复数,也可以是不可数名词。such + a/an +形容词+单数名词+ that从句可换成so +
22、 形容词+ a/an +单数名词+ that从句。The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write articles in Chinese.为K个日本留学 生进步很快,不久就开始用中文写文章了。The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed.=The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.教授讲了个很有趣的故事,(
23、以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。such that引导的结果状语从句such that引导的结果状语从句多用于正式文体,主句为“主一系一表”句型。The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows.爆炸的力量很大,所有的窗户都被炸 掉了。His anger was such that he lost control of himself.他气得不能克制自己的感情。考点八、比拟状语从句参见考点05形容词和副词之考向二形容词、副词的比拟级和最高级考点九、方式状语从句表示行为方式的状语从句常由as (依照,像一样),
24、as if (正如,似乎),as though(似乎,好像),(just) asso(正如)引导,多置于主句之后。Las, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) asso结构中位于句首,这时as 从句带有比喻的含义,意思是“正如”,就像“,多用于正式文体。Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待别人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so w
25、e should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如清扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2.as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同,引导的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时 也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作”仿佛似的“,好像.似的” oThey completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它们不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)He looks as if (a
26、s though) he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)练单句语法填空一、用适当的单词填空。Americans use a flashlight,for the British, its a torch.I used to get high marks in English,now Im having a lot of trouble with my list
27、ening.One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident,actually this is far from the truth.When we go shopping online, we normally check several photos we decide to buy a product.Follow your teachefs advice,youll fail in the exam.Researchers have found, in their experiment, that a babys cri
28、es can cause unique emotional responses in the brain, making it impossible for us to ignore them we are parents or not.there is determination and hope, there is solution to the problems.I was having breakfast with my three children water started filling my home.A new study sheds light on whafs going
29、 on inside our brains we match our music to our feelings.We must learn by using the language.we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language.The fear is that we dont start taking this litter out of the sky soon, it will become a significant threat to
30、active satellites.This could be bad news if you still primarily use cash,thats how you pay your bills or how you budget. 13. Mum was using Dads phone to take photos of the colorful homes along the coast we sawsomething amazing a killer whale.scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is
31、 much we still dont know. regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtimeThe firefighters were about to give up rescuing a weak voice came out of the ruins.You wont get paid for time off you have a doctors note.We need some more facts and figures we make th
32、e final decision.The Chinese have such a close relationship with tea they have developed an entire “Tea Culture”.We were driving in the right lane all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right infront of us.练短文语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Text 1Wang Tao, founder and CEO of
33、TAORAY WANG believes that beyond beauty, fashion is about absorbing and using social energy. As one of 1 most accomplished designers in China, she brought this vision into contemporary fashion with her collection, taoray taoray.The taoray taoray Spring Summer 20202 (show) for the first time on the w
34、orld stage of New YorkFashion Week 3 tradition met modernity. The 4 (inspire)came to fruition when taoray taoray design team was introduced to Yi embroidery (刺J绣).The Yi ethnic group has thousands of years of history, and its splendid culture is valuable in Chinese society. Embroidery is a(n) 5 (rem
35、ark) part of the culture, which is a symbol and treasure of Yi peoples art and culture.In order to create the collection, Wang and her team went to Chuxiong in Yunnan Province and 6 (dig) into the culture and history of Yis craftsmanship (技艺)to gain insight into the essence and symbolism of Yi embro
36、idery, 7 (aim) to recall tradition, the design team applied the 8 (pattern), colors, and techniques of Yis culture 9 their contemporary fashion design, including T-shirts, jackets, shirts and other essentials.The taoray taoray collection 10 (be) a reflection on how the designers are preserving cultu
37、re toremind people of the beauty of tradition in daily life!Text 2阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Robert Owens felt 11 (defeat) and helpless on Sunday as he waited in Louisianas capital city for one of the most 12 (power) hurricanes ever to strike the US.The 27-year-old man had spent days 13 (anxiou
38、s) watching long lines of cars leaving for safer locations as Hurricane Ida 14 (approach). He had hoped that his wife and two children would be among them. But leaving would have required money for gas and a hotel room-something they didnt have.Out of desperation, Owens went to the bank on Saturday
39、and applied 15 a payday loan. But he16 (tell) he didnt have enough credit history.“Our bank account is empty-we cant afford 17 (leave) J he said. A lot of us here in my neighborhood have to stay and wait, not knowing how bad its going to get J he said. Its 18 terrifying feeling to think my family is
40、 getting left behind.”“The fact 19 we are not middle class or above just keeps coming back to bite us again and again, in so many different 20 (direction)and ways. A simple payday advance is just one of them, he said Its like we have to pay for being poor, even though were trying not to be poor.Text
41、 3阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。World Philosophy Day is every year on the third Thursday of November. The day is 21 (celebrate) the importance and role of philosophy in our lives. This year, it fell on Nov 18.The word “philosophy comes from Greek, 22(inean)C6love of wisdom”. Through philosophy, we
42、 try to find answers to basic questions about the world and 23(we).It may sound broad and profound, but in fact it arises out of our 24 (curious) and is shown25 all aspects of our daily lives. Take the turtle in Kung Fu Panda as an example. He once said that: Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a myst
43、ery, but today is a gift. That is 26 its called the present/ He provides us with a new perspective of time. Can we say he is not a philosopher?Philosophy 27 (bring) great social development so far. For thousands of years, people were doing what they 28 (tell) to. No one questioned if it was right or
44、 wrong. 292.500 years ago, Greekphilosopher Socrates started to ask “Why?” and Is this the best way?30(gradual), humans entered atime of active and rational (理性的)thinking.Text 4阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics souvenirs have attracted attention from collectors around the
45、world. The mascot pin (徽章)has received notable praise for its design 31 reaches a record level.The style of the countdown (倒计时)souvenir pin collection 32 (think) to be unique and romantic. As for the 200-day countdown pin, the pattern features sakura (樱花)on the front and a snowflake (雪花)on the other
46、 side, showing how the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics 33 (follow) the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. If collectors get all pins in the countdown series, they can piece them together 34 a shape of a big 0”,35 (indicate) the countdown is over.Moreover, the series of ancient myth pins 36 (vivid) show some i
47、mages in Chinese fairy tales, like Nuwa patching the sky and Kuafu chasing the sun. Only 2,022 of each myth were produced.Other pin37(pattern) include traditional games, for instance, the ancient Chinese ball game, cuju.Also, ice play,38old sport in North China, is displayed on a single pin.As the h
48、ost of the 2022 Games, Beijing has told 39 (it) own stories to the world through these colorful pins 40(design) to welcome athletes and audiences around the world.练单句语法填空一、用适当的单词填空。.【答案】while【解析】考查并列连词。句意:对于美国人,手电筒是flashlight,而对于英国人,手电筒是torch。空中的 词表示前后为比照关系,意为“而,然而,故填while。.【答案】but【解析】考查连词。句意:我过去英语常
49、常得高分,但现在我在听力方面有许多问题。分析可知,空格前 说过去,空格后说现在,因此,空格处填连词,表转折。故填but。.【答案】but【解析】考查并列句。句意:有人可能认为弗莱明是偶然发现青霉素的,但事实远非如此。此处为并列句, 语意上前后两个句子之间为转折关系,只能用转折连词but连接。故填but。.【答案】before【解析】考查连词。句意:当我们网上购物时,在决定购买产品之前,我们通常会查看几张照片。根据句 意,买东西之前看照片,是时间上的先后关系,故用连词before连接,故填before。.【答案】or/otherwise【解析】考查连词。句意:听老师的建议,否那么你考试会不及格的
50、。此句是祈使句+and/or+简单句结构,前 后句是转折关系,表示“否财用or/otherwise,故填or/otherwise。.【答案】whether【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:研究者们在他们的实验中发现,婴儿啼哭能够引起头脑中独特的情感 反响,使得我们不可能忽略他们,无论我们是不是父母。whetheror可用来引导让步状语从句,意为“无 论还是根据or not可知空格处填whether。故填whether。.【答案】Where【解析】考查状语从句。句意:有决心和希望,问题就有解决的方法。分析句子结构可知,此处考查状语 从句;根据句意,此处用where来引起地点状语从句,表示具体性或理
51、念性的意义,表意为“只要在的 地方: 注意,此空位于句子开头,单词首字母要大写。故填Where。.【答案】when【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意:我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐,这时水突然开始灌满我的家。根据固 定句型be doing sth when(正在做某事,这时突然 )可知,空格处填when引导时间状语从句。故填 when。.【答案】when#as【解析】考查连词。句意:一项新的研究说明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到 底发生了什么。根据句意,这是一个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时,所以空格处连 词可以填when/aso.【答案】If【解析】考查条件状语
52、从句。句意:我们必须通过使用语言来学习。如果我们只满足于记住几条规那么,那 我们就不是真正在学习这门语言。根据句意可知,前后句之间是一种假设关系,应用连接词开引导条件状 语从句。故填If。.【答案】if【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意:如果我们不尽快将这种垃圾带出天空,它将对现役卫星构成重大威胁整体句子是主系 表结构,The fear是主语,that引导表语从句,后半句根据句意,空格处是条件状语从句的引导词,表示“如果”应用if。故填 ifofor:so:”因此,所以,表示结果,so不能和because连用。4 其他吊 There were no buses, so I came by bicy
53、cle.when: ”就在那时”,常用句型:be about to do. when.be going to do.when.be doing.when. I was about to leave when the telephone rang.二、并列句并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成,起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。在并列句中,除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组,或者连接副词来连接分句,有时甚至不 用并列连词,只用逗号.分号.冒号等把分句隔开。常用的并列连词有:and , but, or, for, so , neither, nor .并歹U连词词组有:eith
54、er.or, neither.nor, both.and, as well as, not only.but also.连接副词有:besides, furthermore, moreover .表示联合关系常用 and , neither.nor, not only.but also 等连词There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.表示选择关系常用or, either .or等连词We cook a dinner tog
55、ether, or we go for a long walk.either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. .表示转折和比照关系常用 yet, but, however, while 等but表示完全转折,语气较强。while主要表示比照。however在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他 成分隔开。yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors.【答案】
56、whether【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论你是使用现金付钱还是使用现金做预算,如果你还使用现金的话 这可能是一个坏消息。这是一个让步状语从句,表达:“无论 还是 ”,英语用whether.or。故填whether。 13.【答案】when【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意:妈妈正在用爸爸的手机拍海边五彩缤纷的房子,这时我们看到了令人 惊奇的东西一头虎鲸。根据句意可知,此处应用连接词when对所描述的事件予以引人注目的强调,意 为“这时;突然”,此时主句的时态通常是过去完成时、过去进行时或含有was/were about t。的一般过去时。 故填when。.【答案】Although【解析】考
57、查让步状语从句。句意:尽管科学家对宇宙已经了解了很多,但是我们还有许多未知的东西。 后文“there is much we still don*t know和前文scientists have learned a lot about the universe”语义转折,空格处 可用although“尽管”引导让步状语从句,句首字母大写。故填Although。.【答案】Although/Though/While/Even though【解析】考查状语从句附属连词。句意:虽然(尽管)有规律的锻炼很重要,但是在睡前锻炼绝对不是一 个好主意。后文its never a good idea to exe
58、rcise too close to bedtime”和前文regular exercise is very important” 语义转折,所以空格处可用although或though或while或even though虽然;尽管”引导让步状语从句。句 首字母大写,故填 Although/Though/While/Even thougho.【答案】when【解析】考查固定句型。句意:消防队员正准备放弃营救,这时从废墟中传来一个微弱的声音。根据句型 be about to.when,表示正要做某事,突然发生其他事,此处是when引导的时间状语从句,故填when。.【答案】unless【解析】考
59、查条件状语从句。句意:除非你有医生的证明,否那么你休假是拿不到工资的。根据句意可知, 后文“you have a doctors note”是前文“get paid for time off的条件,因主句 You won*t get paid for time off 为否 定句,所以应用连接词unless。故填unless。.【答案】before【解析】考查状语从句。句意:在我们做出最终的决定之前,我们需要更多的事实和数据。所填词引导时 间状语从句,意为“在之前。故填before。.【答案】that【解析】考查固定结构。句意:中国人和茶有如此亲密的关系以致于他们已经形成了一套完全的茶文化。分
60、析该句结构并结合句意可知,该句使用了“suchthat.结构来引导结果状语从句。故用thato.【答案】when【解析】考查连词。句意:我们正在右车道开车,突然,一辆黑色的车从我们前面的停车位里跳出来。此 处是“be doing sth when”结构,表示“正在做这时故填when。练短文语法填空Text 1【答案】1. the2. was shown3. where4. inspirations. remarkabledug7. aiming8. patterns9. tolO. is【解析】本文是新闻报道。中国设计师王陶和设计团队将彝族刺绣融合在服装设计中,让世界领略了东方 文化在时尚中的
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