四级听力长对话技巧教学课件

1、四级长对话听力Long Conversations第1页，共67页。综 述长对话共两篇，每篇300词左右，共7道题。长对话考查的理解和分析侧重于对话内容的整体性。因此，长对话的听音重点在于对话的主题大意，对话推进的过程，或双方总体的观点与立场。它融合短对话的特点，但不是短对话的简单加法。长对话的细节没有短对话考得那么细，弯也没拐的那么多，不需要确切的辨认对话双方的身份、相互关系、场合等，但这些语域因素仍是理解和分析长对话是所依赖的强有力工具。第2页，共67页。长对话听力技巧三大基本功句型熟悉长对话设题点解密10大听前预测方法真题演练（综合技能训练）第3页，共67页。三大基本功-（一）听前预测1

2、. 先纵后横所谓“先纵”，就是首先通读每篇后的3-4个小题，找出关键词，前后联系，预测全篇大致主题。所谓“后横”，就是在仍有时间的情况下，通看各题选项，看看是否存在生词，总结长句的核心意思，以此预测考点和可能的答案。两步预测都要注意随时做出标注,划出关键词或简写长句的大意,因为单凭记忆在高压的听力考试中是万万靠不住的。第4页，共67页。23. A) She is thirsty for promotion. B) She wants a much higher salary. C) She is tired of her present work. D) She wants to save t

3、ravel expenses.首先通过promotion, salary和work可得出本对话的大致主题是有关职业,再联系两次出现的wants,想到或许与求职有关,并顺理成章地想到可能会谈到离职的原因、新职位的性质以及薪酬等等。这就是上面所说的“先纵”。此后我们可对选项中较长的词语做标注, 通过听录音我们发现本题答案的对应信息在原文中是Im fed up with my job., 正是tired of的同义置换。这就是上面所说的后横。可见,事先标注关键信息,可让我们在听时将注意力集中到更小的点,起到事半功倍的效果。以2007年12月Conversation Two为例:第5页，共67页。三大

4、基本功-（一）听前预测2. 分清主次与生活中的情形相似,双方对话的时候常有主次之分,如:一方询问,另一方作答时,关键信息多出现在作答一方,考点自然也就多出于此。分清对话双方的主次对于我们预测考点出现的位置很重要,方法也简单易行。第6页，共67页。22. A) It was about a little animal.B) It took her six years to write.C) It was adapted from a fairy tale.D) It was about a little girl and her pet.23. A) She knows how to write

5、 best-selling novels.B) She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.C) She is able to win enough support from publishers.D) She can make a living by doing what she likes.24. A) The characters. B) The readers. C) Her ideas. D) Her life experiences.25. A) She doesnt really know where they origin

6、ated.B) She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.C) They popped out of her child-hood dreams.D) They grew out of her long hours of thinking.以2006年12月Conversation Two为例:第7页，共67页。三大基本功- （一）听前预测通看下划线部分不难发现,几乎所有的选项都与女性会话者有关,可料想此对话中男性会话者多提出问题,女性多做答复,听时当然主要听女性会话者所说的内容。 第8页，共67页。三大基本功-(二) 听时抓“点”有了充分的听前

7、预测,听时的主要任务就是抓住考点,且掌握如下两个原则: 1. 考点均匀分布,易出现在话轮转换处首先,长对话后设的3-4个小题一般均匀地分布在对话的每个回合,极少出现某一个回合包含两个考点的情况。这样,我们在一个对话回合中找到一个考点后,剩余的部分就可不做详听,让紧张的神经稍做放松,有利于将精力集中于下面的考点。其次,考点的位置多是话轮转换的时候。具体的说,就是对话一方某段发言的开头和结尾部分,这也完全符合西方人的思维习惯,即在发言伊始多是开门见山,而在发言结尾处又总括强调。第9页，共67页。M: Hi, Miss Rowling, how old were you when you start

8、ed to write? And what was your first book?W: I wrote my first story when I was about six. It was about a small animal, a rabbit, I mean, and Ive been writing ever since. (22题考点)M: Why did you choose to be an author?W: If someone asked me how to achieve happiness, step one would be finding out what y

9、ou love doing most and step two would be finding someone to pay you to do this. I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing. (23题考点)以2006年12月Conversation Two为例:第10页，共67页。M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults?W: My first two novels were for adults. I suppo

10、se I might write another one, but I never really imagine a target audience when Im writing. The ideas come first, so it really depends on the ideas that grasp me next. (24题考点)M: Where did the ideas for the Harry Potter books come from?W: Ive no idea where the ideas came from. And I hope Ill never fi

11、nd out. (25题考点) It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain, which makes me think about the invisible train platform.以2006年12月Conversation Two为例:第11页，共67页。2. 重复率较高的词或短语多成为考点对话的主要内容理所当然会得到说话人的强调,而一个非常重要且明显的强调方式就是重复,故重复的词语往往能够揭示对话的主题。如问:What is

12、the news coverage mainly about? 【例7】(710分样卷-22)【预览选项】 A The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak. B The fall of Karnaks capital city into the hands of the rebel forces. C The epidemic that has just broken out in the country of Karnak. D The peace talks between the rebels and the gover

13、nment in Karnak.而原文中多次出现rebel forces, conflict, war等与叛乱相关的词语,也可判断本题答案为A) The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.三大基本功-(二) 听时抓“点”第12页，共67页。记笔记一定要迅速，而要想在有限的时间内尽可能比较全面的记录重点信息，使用一定的缩略语和熟悉的符号是十分必要的，主要有以下几种方法：1.利用数学符号。 如equal写成“=”; “”表示“unequal”;“”代表increase/up; “”表示result from/because/si

14、nce/for/as;“”代表lead to/result in/has become/turn into;“”表示decrease/drop/dip/fall;“”代表about/almost;表示more than;表示 less than;“ +”代表include/cover;“-”则是exclude等。三大基本功（三）注意使用缩略语第13页，共67页。2. 利用数字和其他固定符号。能用数字或其他固定符号代表的词全部用阿拉伯数字或符号，这样既能节约时间，又能避免拼写错误，如：twenty写成 20; nineteen eighty four记作1984; $=dollar; =poun

15、d; 11 in the morning=11 am; 11 in the evening=11 pm等。3. 创造自己的速写符号。在平时的训练中也可以使用和创造一些符合自己习惯的缩略语和符号，如u可代表understand(ing); m可代表mean(ing); m=minute; s=second; h=hour; imp.=important/importance; nec.=necessary等。三大基本功-（三）注意使用缩略语第14页，共67页。.观点、态度句。 I think Ill take the half-day tour of the city. I dont think

16、 we can get a hotel at this time. I suppose you would have arrived earlier. I cant agree more. I dont feel like going out. Why not? Why bother?熟悉句型第15页，共67页。2.请求、建议句。Would you like some fruit juice?Why dont we just stay at home ?You are not supposed to be here.Wont four be wiser?3.强调句。But it was he

17、who helped me repairing my car.I did see him at the office.He did take the book out of the library.I really feel nervous when the professor called on me.熟悉句型第16页，共67页。4.否定句。I dont feel like going out.I was barely able to stay awake.I cant agree more.5.反问句。Didnt you see the sign?Werent you nervous wh

18、en the professor called on you in the class?Really? I was under the impression that the tickets were sold out a long time ago.熟悉句型第17页，共67页。.转折句。We do need another bookshelf in this room, but the problem is the space for it.Id love to, but I have to go and sendYes, but you have to revise some part o

19、f it.条件句。If I were you, I would stay at home and watch TV.If you dont mind waiting, Ill get prepared.If it hadnt been the snowing, I would have been home by 9 oclock.熟悉句型第18页，共67页。长对话设题点解密 长对话的篇幅较长，想要听过之后就能将主要的内容都清楚地记在脑子里，几乎是不可能的。考生只有听一遍的机会，只能边听、边记、边答。 边听边记是听力中一项非常重要的技能，但是做笔记并不是要把听到的每一个单词都记下来，笔记无非是帮

20、助记忆的手段，只要能把重要的信息用可识别的符号记录下来，就算达到了目的。因此为了提高听与记的效率，应注意把握一定的技巧和原则。第19页，共67页。1、对话的开头主题句常常是在对话的开头，它对整个对话的内容起一个概括和提示的作用，实际上是说话人所谈论的中心话题。长对话中的第一题很可能是针对对话的开头提问，考查考生对整个对话的主题或所谈话题的把握。长对话设题点解密 第20页，共67页。【预览选项】A To go sightseeing.B To have meetings.C To promote a new champagne.D To join in a training program.【边

21、听边记】M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. Hows your trip to the states?W: Very busy, 19I had a lot of meetings. 19. Why did the woman go to New York?【解析】选B。细节题。对话一开始，男士就问女士去美国的旅行怎么样，女士回答说很忙，她had a lot of meetings(要参加很多会议)，由此可知女士去纽约是去参加会议。【例1】(07-6-19)第21页，共67页。2、对话的结尾 结尾处往往涉及到建议、决定或某种行为等，它对整个对话起到一个总结的作用。长对话的最后一

22、题经常是针对对话的结尾设题，故留意其中的关键动词就成了解题的关键。长对话设题点解密 第22页，共67页。 A Changing her major.B Spending less of her parents money.C Getting transferred to the English Department.D Leaving the university.W: They would be so disappointed though if I told them I was quitting.25. What is Karen thinking of doing?【解析】细节题。对话

23、结尾处女士通过进行时表明了自己的 打算(I was quitting)。注意这里的quit是指退出现在的专业，而不是指退出大学，选择答案时需根据上下文，切忌根据常识进行判断。【例2】(新06-6-25)第23页，共67页。3、对话中的一问一答 长对话中，对话双方往往出现多个一问一答，而这恰恰是长对话的一个出题重点，对话后面问题往往就是对话原文中问题的照搬或是同义转述，因此其答案就是对话中紧接问题之后的答语，而且一般不会有同音或近音词的干扰，因此对于这类题目答案的基本原则就是听到什么选什么。长对话设题点解密 第24页，共67页。【预览选项】A Data collection.B Training

24、 consultancy.C Corporate management.D Information processing.【边听边记】W: Whats your line of business, Mr. Johnson?M: We are a training consultancy.25. What is the mans line of business?【解析】选B。细节题。女士的提问即为本题的提问，答案就在男士接下来的回答中。女士问男士Whats your line of business(做哪一行)，男士回答说We are a training consultancy(我们是培训咨

25、询公司),由此可知答案为B。【例3】(07-6-25)第25页，共67页。长对话设题点解密4、对话中逻辑关系处 长对话中经常会涉及到表示转折、因果等逻辑关系的短语或句式，这些地方也很受出题人的青睐。【例4】(新06-6-22)A Shes worried about the seminar.B The man keeps interrupting her.C She finds it too hard.D She lacks interest in it.第26页，共67页。长对话设题点解密W: No, Jim, I suppose I havent. I need to get throug

26、h although, but I keep drifting away.M: So it doesnt really hold your interest?W: No, not really. I wouldnt bother with it, to be honest, but I have to read it for a seminar. Im at the university.22. Why cant Karen concentrate on the book?【解析】推断题。女士话中but转折后内容表明女士对那本书并不感兴趣，紧接着男士和女士的一问一答再次揭示本题的答案为D。第2

27、7页，共67页。5、对话中建议处 对话中一方给另一方提出的建议或意见常常会被作为出题的重点，因此，听音时要注意捕捉一些特殊的表达建议的句式，如Youd better, why not do?等。【例5】(06-12-20)A Study the map of Quebec Province.B Find more about Quebec City.C Brush up on her French.D Learn more about the local customs.长对话设题点解密第28页，共67页。M: Well, In fact, Montreal is the third larg

28、est French-speaking city in the world. So20 youd better practice your French before you go.W: Good advice. 20. What does the man advise the woman to do before the trip?【解析】细节题。由男士话中的youd better可知他建议女士在去旅行前先练习一下法语(practice FrenchBrush up on French)，故答案为C。长对话设题点解密第29页，共67页。6、对话中比较处 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，以及th

29、an, asas等引出的比较结构也是长对话题的设题重点之一。这类题目的选项中经常会含有比较结构，考生要学会利用选项所给提示抓取关键点。【例6】(新06-6-23)A The lectures are boring.B The course is poorly designed.C She prefers Philosophy to English.D She enjoys literature more.长对话设题点解密第30页，共67页。W: I should say, I dont like Dickens at all really, the author, indeed, I am s

30、tarting to like the whole course less and less.M: Its not just the book, its the course as well?W: Yeah, You see, I wanted to do philosophy rather than English, but my parents took me out of it.23. Why is Karen starting to like the course less and less?【解析】细节题。本题是在对话中的比较处命题(like the course less and

31、less)。女士话中的do philosophy rather than English表明女士宁愿学哲学而不愿学英语。rather than意为“而不是，不愿”。长对话设题点解密第31页，共67页。7、对话中列举、举例处对话中出现列举或举例的地方往往也是出题的重点，因此，当听到such as, for example, for instance, the first, the second等一类词语，应加以留意。【例7】(710分样卷-Conversation One-20)A It cost much more than its worth.B It should be brought u

32、p-to-date.C It calls for immediate repairs. D It can still be used for a long time.长对话设题点解密第32页，共67页。W: Sure. Ive been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies. First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize our factory. New equipment shouldve been in

33、stalled long ago.20. What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory?【解析】细节题。女士说自己提出了一些新的生产和广告战略，接着列举了首要的一点(first of all)：设备需要尽快更新。长对话设题点解密第33页，共67页。8、对话中推测处must, may, can等情态动词常用于表示对现在或过去事实的 推测，这些地方常常受到出题人的青睐。【例8】(新06-6-Conversation One-21) A The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for

34、more than they can offer. B Mr. Saunders will share one third of the womans responsi- bilities. C Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations. D The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders past experience.长对话设题点解密第34页，共67页。W: Well, you might just be the person weve been looking

35、for. Do you have any questions?M: Uh-hum, if I were hired, how many accounts would I be handling?21. What can we conclude from the conversation?【解析】推断题。由女士话中的推测句式You might just be the person可推知，女士似乎对男士过去的经验很满意。长对话设题点解密第35页，共67页。9、对话中的数字、人名、地名、时间、年代等相关信息遇到数字、人名、地名、时间、年代时要对相关信息做简要记录，尤其是选项中出现类似的概念时，在听音

36、时更应重点留意。【例9】(710分样卷-24)【预览选项】A Late in the morning.B Early in the afternoon.C Sometime before dawn. D Shortly after sunrise. 三、长对话设题点解密长对话设题点解密第36页，共67页。【边听边记】M: Rebel forces are closing in, and its feared that they will be able to take the capital building before daybreak where, it is believed, man

37、y government officials are holding out.24. At what time of day do you think this news report is being made?【解析】选C。细节题。根据原文中its feared that they will before daybreak.可知，当时报道的时间应该是在before daybreak(黎明破晓前)。dawn相当于daybreak。长对话设题点解密第37页，共67页。10、留意选项中的要点内容正确选项往往与原文相似，或是原文的同义表达，因此应注意提取选项中的关键点，在听音时留意其是否在文中出现

38、并加以记录。【例4】(710分样卷-25)【预览选项】A Inadequate medical care.B Continuing social unrest.C Lack of food, water and shelter.D Rapid spreading of the epidemic长对话设题点解密第38页，共67页。【边听边记】W: what other pressing concerns are there for the citizens of the city?M: Well, since the beginning of the conflict, starvation,

39、and lack of clean water and adequate shelter have been the biggest daily obstacles facing the citizens of this war-torn country.25. What is the pressing concern of the citizens of Karnack?【解析】选C。细节题。四个选项中只有C项内容在对话中出现，其他三项均未涉及到，故只要抓住对话中starvation, and lack of clean water and adequate shelter或其部分内容，即可

40、判断答案为C。starvation意为“饥饿”。长对话设题点解密第39页，共67页。听力长对话10大听前预测方法 听力题中很多选项都有比较明显的特点，或者使用某种专门的表达形式，如均为动词原形或均为人物角色等;或者含有一些标志性的词语，通过这些选项特点我们便可以推测问题可能考查的核心内容;另外，我们经常可以通过对选项的分析，排除一些比较明显的干扰性，缩小听音范围，从而在听音时更有针对性。 第40页，共67页。1、各题主题揭示对话主题将各题所考查的主题内容结合在一起，往往可得出整篇对话的主题。如果某一题目是考查对话主题，其中的一个选项明显能够概括其他各题选项的内容，那么该选项很可能为答案。【例1

41、】(710分样卷Conversation One)【预览选项】19. A To interview a few job applicants. B To fill a vacancy in the company. C To advertise for a junior sales manager. D To apply for a job in a major newspaper.听力长对话10大听前预测方法第41页，共67页。听力长对话10大听前预测方法20. A A hard working ambitious young man. B A young man good at manag

42、ing his time. C A college graduate with practical working experience. D A young man with his own idea of what is important.第42页，共67页。【听前预测】预览19题中的interview, applicants, vacancy, advertise for a manager, apply for a job等词语可以推测对话与刊登招聘广告或应聘工作有关。而20题中hardworking, ambitious, good at managing his time, wi

43、th practical working experience, with his own idea等词语则表明对话中还涉及到对所招聘人员的要求。听力长对话10大听前预测方法第43页，共67页。2、选项均以动词的某种形式开头含有这类选项的问题为考查“行为活动”类型。根据动词的不同形式，问题考查的重点也可能不同。选项均以动词原形开头，问题大多是关于建议某人做某事，有时也表示为了而某种目的而要做某事。选项均为动名词，问题大多是关于正在进行的动作或者计划打算。选项为不定式，问题很可能是关于做某事的目的，或是计划、承诺或要求做某事。听力长对话10大听前预测方法第44页，共67页。【预览选项】A Fil

44、e a lawsuit against the man.B Ask the man for compensation.C Have the mans apple tree cut down. D Throw garbage into the mans yard.【听前预测】选项均为动词原形，故本题应该是考查某人的行为活动。四个选项均是针对男士的行为，故本题很可能是关于某人与男士发生争吵或冲突时所采取的应对措施。【例2】(新06-12- -20)第45页，共67页。【例2】(新06-12- -20)【听音验证】W: Get the branches off my property or Ill

45、have to sue you.M: Yeah? For what?! Youre taking those law classes too seriously! Ive gotta go, I have to pick up my son.21. What did the woman threaten to do?第46页，共67页。【预览选项】A To interview a few job applicants.B To fill a vacancy in the company.C To advertise for a junior sales manager.D To apply f

46、or a job in a major newspaper.【听前预测】选项均为不定式短语，故本题应该是考查某人将要采取的行动。 A 、 C 是关于招聘工作(interview, advertise)， B 、 D则是关于申请工作(fill, apply for)，故听音时应留意该行为是关于招聘还是应聘。【例3】(710分样卷-19)第47页，共67页。【听音验证】M: Morning, Brenda.W: Good morning, Mr. Browning.M: Er, did you, did you put that ad in yesterday?W: Yes, yesterday

47、afternoon.M: The ad for a junior sales manager, I mean.19. What did Mr. Browning ask Brenda to do?【例3】(710分样卷-19)第48页，共67页。3、选项中含有表示意愿或建议的词如果选项中含有should, had better, would like等一类的词语，问题很可能是考查“观点或建议”。【例4】(新06-12-25)【预览选项】A Accurate communication is of utmost importance. B Pilots should be able to spe

48、ak several foreign languages.C Air controllers should keep a close watch on the weather.D Cooperation between pilots and air controllers is essential.【听前预测】由选项中的should可推知，本题应该是考查某人的观点或建议。选项内容表明问题应该与确保安全飞行的因素有关。听力长对话10大听前预测方法听力长对话10大听前预测方法第49页，共67页。听力长对话10大听前预测方法【听音验证】M: Sadly enough, yes they did. I

49、t was a really bad mistake. Many people died as a result of the simple misunderstanding.W: Wow, thats a powerful lesson on how important it can be to accurately communicate to each other.25. What lesson could be drawn from the accident?第50页，共67页。4、选项中含有表示评论或感受的动词如果选项中含有think, like, dislike, enjoy, a

50、gree, disagree, mind等一类的词语，听力材料或问题很可能是关于对某人或某事物的评价或感受。四个选项中如均含有表示评论或感受的词，则表示问题是关于对人或事物的评价或感受;如其中只有个别选项含有表示评论或感受的词，则表示听力材料中很可能涉及到对人或事物的评价或感受，问题内容则不一定会涉及。【例5】(710分样卷-21)【预览选项】A Not clearly specified.B Not likely to be met.C Reasonable enough.D Apparently sexist.【听前预测】四个选项中均含有表示评论的词语(specified, reasona

51、ble等)，故问题很可能是关于某人对某事物的看法。听力长对话10大听前预测方法第51页，共67页。【听音验证】W: Yes, erm, what sort of education are you actually looking for?M: Well, you know, a couple of A levels. Must have English, of course.W: Yes, I think youre asking quite a lot. I mean youre not really prepared to pay all .M: No, Im not prepared

52、to give him a big salary to start with. Nevertheless, I want someone with plenty of ambition, plenty of drive. You know, not looking at the clock all the time.W: Well sir, I wish you the best of luck and hope you have some very successful interviews.M: Well, yes?W: Because personally I think youre a

53、sking an awful lot.21. What does Brenda think of the qualifications Mr. Browning insists on?听力长对话10大听前预测方法第52页，共67页。5、选项中含有比较结构如果选项中含有形容词或副词的比较级或最高级，或是其他表示比较的词语，则听力材料或问题很可能涉及人或事物之间的异同点或优劣的比较。四个选项中如均含有比较级或表示比较的词，则表示问题是关于人或事物之间的比较;如其中只有个别选项中含有比较级，则表示听力材料中很可能涉及到人或事物之间的比较，问题内容则不一定会涉及。【例6】(710分样卷-22)【预览选

54、项】A Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.B TV commercials are less expensive. C Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.D TV commercials attract more investments.【听前预测】由选项中的advertising on TV，advertising in newspapers以及比较级less expensive, attract more可知本题很可能涉及到电视广告和报纸广告之间优劣的比较。

55、故听音时应留意比较级或其他陈述二者优劣特点的词句。听力长对话10大听前预测方法第53页，共67页。听力长对话10大听前预测方法【听音验证】W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.M: TV? Isnt that a bit too expensive for us? Whats wrong with advertising in the papers, as usual?W: Quite frankly, its just not enough anymore.22. Why does the wom

56、an suggest advertising on TV?第54页，共67页。6、选项均为名词性短语如选项均为概括性较强的名词或是名词性的短语，且各项内容差异较大，问题则很可能是关于对话所谈论的主题或对话中出现的某一事件或问题的主题。【例7】(710分样卷-22)【预览选项】 A The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.B The fall of Karnaks capital city into the hands of the rebel forces.C The epidemic that has just brok

57、en out in the country of Karnak. D The peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak.听力长对话10大听前预测方法第55页，共67页。【听前预测】选项均为名词短语，且概括性均较强，故本题很可能考查对话的主旨。由armed rebellion，the rebel forces，peace talks between the rebels and the government等词以及多次出现的Karnak可推知本对话很可能与Karnak国反政府武装叛乱有关。【听音验证】W: We now

58、 interrupt our regular scheduled news program to bring you live up-to-date coverage on the civil unrest in the newly formed country of Karnak, where our man Stan Fielding is stationed. Stan .M: This is Stan Fielding reporting live from the suburbs of the capital city. Just 20 minutes ago, rebel forc

59、es launched the biggest offensive against the ruling government in the 18- month conflict here in this country.22.What is the news coverage mainly about?听力长对话10大听前预测方法第56页，共67页。听力长对话10大听前预测方法7、与对话主题或其余选项内容不同的选项往往不是答案如果某一选项明显与对话主题不相关，那么该选项往往不是答案。 如果某一选项明显与其他三个选项内容不同，即与该题主题明显不相关的选项往往不是答案。第57页，共67页。【预览

60、选项】19. A He picked up some apples in his yard. B He cut some branches off the apple tree. C He quarreled with his neighbor over the fence. D He cleaned up all the garbage in the womans yard.20. A Trim the apple trees in her yard. B Pick up the apples that fell in her yard. C Take the garbage to the