人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识

1、GrammarDirectandIndirectSpeechI直接引语和间接引语(I)直接引语(directspeech):直接引用别人的话，把它放在引号内。间接引语(indirectspeech):用自己的话转述别人的话。转述他人的陈述f陈述句Shesaid,“ImgoingtoBeijing.”ShesaidthatshewasgoingtoBeijing.转述他人的疑问f一般疑问句Heasked,“Areyouadoctor?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.转述他人的问题f特殊疑问句Sheasked,“Whatareyoudoing?”Sheaskedme

2、whatIwasdoing.直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化陈述句用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat。Hesaid,“IhavebeentoJapan.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentoJapan.Shesaid,“Illgiveyouanexamtomorrow.”Shetoldusthatshewouldgiveusanexamtomorrow.陈述句解题步骤：“Idontlikecompu

3、ters,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthat(Idontlikecomputers.)T*ShedidntSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.一般疑问句间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序Tomsaid,“DoyouhaveanydifficultywithEnglish?”Tomasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithEnglish.Hesaid,

4、“YouareinterestedinEnglish,arentyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.一般疑问句解题步骤：Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Theyaskedhimif(itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.)AskediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.特殊疑问

5、句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。Hesaidtome,“Whereareyoufrom?”HeaskedmewhereIwasfrom.Heaskedus,“Howmanyfactoriesarethereinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanyfactoriestherewereinourcountry.特殊疑问句解题步骤：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheat(youharvestthewheat.)

6、1111L_fhe4HarvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.选择疑问句用whethewor表达(不用if/eithewor)Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorChinese?”Heaskedmewhether丨spokeEnglishorChinese.Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusoronfoot?”丨askedhimwhetherhewouldtakeabusoronfoot.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：直接引语表述的是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。Thegeographyteachersaid

7、,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变。Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”Thechildrentoldusthattheylovethatgame.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。Shesays,“丨llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.Shesaysthatshellne

8、verforgetthedaysinthecountry.DriectIndirectspeechspeechstatementsay/tellsb.(that)+从句Sentence一般疑ask/wonderwhether/if+陈述句语struc问句序ture特殊疑问句ask/wonderwh-word+陈述句语序在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化注意时态的变化注意人称和指示代词变化注意时间和地点的变化注意个别趋向动词的变化DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechPronouns第一人称第三人称W&换弟一人砾第一或第三人称thisthatthesethoseHesaidheplaysfootballplayedfootballisplayingwasplayinghasplayedhadplayedplayedhadplayedwillplaywouldplayhadplayedhadplayedAttention:Therearesomecasesinwhichwedontneedtochanget