时间创造奇迹

1、SECTION ATime- Conscious Americans13.Language points2.Textstructure4.Homework1. Proverbs2Proverbs of timeRead the following proverbs. Have you ever learnt them?What are the Chinese versions for them?31.1. Time works wonders. 2. Time tries truth.时间创造奇迹。时间检验真理。4 3. Time is the best healer. 4. Time and

2、 tide wait for no man.时间是治愈创伤的良药。时间不等人。（时不我待。）55. All time is no time when it is past.机不可失，时不再来。6Americans save time carefully. (Para. 1)Americans attitude towards time and how they try to save time in daily life and in business (Paras. 2-7)Time is a precious source.(Para. 2)Americans savetime in th

3、eir daily life.(Para.3)Americans savetime in doing business.(Para.4)Americans producelabor-saving devicesin order to save time.(Paras.5-7)It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job successfully with speed in the US. (Para.8)Structure of the Passage-

4、Structure Analysis7 Para.1 Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. *This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. *Time is one of the two elements (that Americans save carefully), the other being

5、 labor. 8 Para. 2 “We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said. *Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of t

6、he shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count. 9 Para.3 A foreigners first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to g

7、et where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. 10Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish s

8、o they, too, can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Dont take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they rese

9、nt someone else “wasting” it beyond a certain appropriate point.11 Para.4 Many new arrivals to the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own count

10、ry. They may miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or coffee house. 12*Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. *Since

11、we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear. 13 Para.5 Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly th

12、rough faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longerespecially given our traffic-filled streets. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings. 14 Para.6 *To us the impersonality of electronic

13、communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. However, people are meeting increasingly

14、 on television screens, conducting “teleconferences” to settle problems not only in this country but alsoby satelliteinternationally. 15 Para. 7 The U.S. is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointme

15、nts, to say “Thank you,” to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact (that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient). 16 Para. 8 Some new arrivals will come from culture

16、s where it is considered impolite to work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, felt to be given added weight by the passage of time. I

17、n the U.S., however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. *Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to “get it moving” .17stand still-keep or stay

18、in a particular position or state 保持某种状态The house has stood empty/ idle for months.The plot now stands revealed.Exercises:要坚定, 不要让他们对你指手画脚。 Stand firm - dont let them tell you what to do. linking verb +adj (or adjective-like phrase)18stand1. Stand up.2. Xiamen University stands near the sea.3. Stand

19、 still.A 保持(某种状态)B 起立C 位于,坐落 BCA 19 fall behind in science 在科学方面落后 fall behind ones competitors 落后于竞争对手fall behind1) become bit by bit further behind 这个学生一直很努力, 惟恐落后。 The student has been working hard for fear that he should fall behind.Exercises: Wang Zhizhi falls behind Yao Ming in basketball skil

20、l.反恐游戏我没你打得好。I fall behind you in CS (Counter Strike).在篮球技术方面, 王治郅不如姚明。20fall behind with the rent 拖欠房租Exercises:我工作拖下来了, 我得想办法赶上。他曾因拖欠赡养费被起诉(estover)。Im falling behind with my work; I must try to catch up. He was sued because he fell behind with estovers.fall behind2) fail to finish at the proper t

21、imeThe leaders opinion had fallen behind.那个领导的观点已经落伍了。21 Hunan TV made Super Girls popularwith the people of the whole country.湖南卫视使超级女生深受全国人民欢迎/红遍全国。v + sb.+ adj. + prep.This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring.22 This attitude results in a n

22、ation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring.v + sb.+ adj. + prep.这种态度导致整个民族都投身于研究、实验和探索。23 Acting before thinking always _ failing. The accident _ the death of two people Nothing _ his efforts. The childs illness _ eating unclean food. result inhave as a result; causeresult

23、 frombe caused byresults inresulted inhas resulted fromresulted fromcf. result in & result from24 Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, and the other is labor.Absolute structure: subject +

24、-ing/-ed(独立主格结构，其中 the other 是分词短语being labor 的逻辑主语)25 独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。 独立主格结构小结： 26 逻

25、辑主语+v.-ing: 逻辑主语+v.+-ed Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.He lay at full length upon his stomach, his head resting upon his left forearm.After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.

26、27逻辑主语+adj逻辑主语+prepphrase The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.Following them to the attic, she found a wounded Union soldier, with a rifle at his side.独立主格结构的特殊构成:逻辑主语+to do sthHere are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 逻辑主语+adv.This

27、 little excitement over, nothing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my mute companion.28No further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to an end. (With) Lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting-room. 吃完午饭, 所有客人都回到了起居室。没有做进一步的讨论, 会议就结束了。Exercises:The structure

28、is: subject + v-ing / v-ed or: with + subject + v-ing/ v-ed29a slave to drinka slave to money酒鬼金钱的奴隶to be slaves to (L. 5)- person whose way of life is dominated by (a habit, an interest, etc. )生活方式受(习惯、兴趣等)支配的人，即(某种习惯、兴趣的)奴隶30nothing but -only只有，除以外什么也不Hes nothing but a criminal. 他只不过是个罪犯。The child

29、 dreamed of nothing but going to the zoo. 这孩子就是盼着到动物园去玩。这报道满篇都是谎言。 The report contains nothing but lies. 31Time is treated as if it were something almost real. as if + 从句 as if 引导的方式状语从句，一般用虚拟语气 他表现得好像没有发生什么事似的。 He _ as if nothing _.actedhad happened 他工作热情这么高，好像从不知道疲倦似的。 He works with such enthusias

30、m as if he never knew fatigue. 32 We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. 我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的使用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。33budget 1 n. 预算a family budget 家庭预算政府预算a government budgetmake a family budget编制家庭预算34budget 2 v. plan the s

31、pending of time or money The playboy has so many girlfriends thathe has to budget his time carefully. 这个花花公子女朋友太多,他不得不仔细安排自己的时间。 He budgeted (money) for buying a car. 他为了买车而计划节省开支。35 歌迷们为了买五月天演唱会的入场券而计划节省开支。 Fans budget for buying the entrance ticket of the concert of May Day.concertentrance ticket3

32、6account forHe couldnt account for his absence from school.His illness accounts for his absence. North Sea oil accounts for a high proportion of our trade earnings. 他无法解释他为什么没来上课。他因病缺席。北海石油占我国贸易收入的很大一部分。37 How much does Bibi charge for an advertisement?笔笔拍一则广告收费多少?charge + money + for +sth.charge fo

33、r sth.charge sb. money for sth. Maybe she charges one million for an advertisement.Im not going there again - they charged me $5 for a cup of coffee! This shop doesnt charge for delivery.38深深感到to have a rather acute sense of (L. 7)风雨同舟几十年，这对老夫妇深感人生中爱情的珍贵。活学活用Having gone through many years of hardshi

34、p in the same boat, the old couple have a rather acute sense of the true value of love in their life. 39 Dogs have an acute sense of smell.sharp, 灵敏的 He has an acute pain in the head.great, 剧烈的40a sense of-feeling (esp. one difficult to describe) 感觉, 观念 sense of humor,. sense of responsibility/ duty

35、, sense of shame, sense of obligation, sense of justice 正义感， sense of beauty, sense of music, sense of time， sense of art/ artistic sense, sense of pride ; a sense of pleasure a sense of tension ; a sense of achievement ; a sense of inferiority ; the sense of place (direction) 方位 (方向) 感 be lost (or:

36、 dead) to all sense of shame 全不知羞耻 -any of five senses five senses, sense of smell/ taste/ touch/ hearing/ sight41 run out of-flow out of，流出，从跑出 The water is running out of a fountain.He ran out of the house and shouted “Fire! Fire!” -use all ones supplies, have no more 用完His team had run out of tim

37、e-out.他的球队不再又要求暂停的权利了。42replace vt. (1)A replace B, sb. replace B by/ with A 用A代BCan anything replace a mothers love and care?世上有什么东西能取代母亲的关爱吗？ The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.Cf. A takes the place of B 用A代BPlastics have taken the place of many conventional materials.Machines ha

38、ve taken the place of people in many areas of industry.substitute A for B 用A代BWe substitute computers for typewriters. Computers are substituted for typewriters.43replace (2)-return; put on its original place 放回原处He replaced the magazine in the rack.He must replace the stolen money.-换，赔Ill replace t

39、he cup I broke.The shopkeeper said he would replace the radio if you were not satisfied.44count-be of value or importanceHere, it is my words that count.Every minute counts before the exam.重要的不是有没有环保意识，而是有没有环保行动。 Its not the consciousness of environmental protection but the practice of environmental

40、 protection that counts.45Everyone is in a rushhurryingrestlesslyelbow raceabruptpush46elbow v.-push others out of the way using elbowselbow sb. (out of the way) 把某人挤开elbow ones way through the crowd 从人群中挤过去 The girl elbowed the fans (out of the way) to ask Rain for his signature. 女孩从歌迷中挤过去要Rain签名。

41、The girl elbowed her way through the fans to ask Rain for his signature.47-do sth. in a hurry The child raced through his homework in order to watch the football match on TV. 那孩子为看电视转播的足球赛而匆匆做完作业。 race through sth.时间不够了，这些学生只好匆匆忙忙地做完卷子上剩下的题目。As the time is running out, these students have to race th

42、rough the rest of the questions on the test paper.48miss1.I can imagine how your parents miss you.2.I was sorry to miss you when I called.3.He was lucky to miss the traffic accident.4.When did you first miss your wallet?1.怀念，想念2.没3.逃过，躲过4.掉49 take it personallytake-act towards . in a certain way以某种方

43、式对待某事Dont take his words too seriously. He was only joking.别把他的话当真，他只是开开玩笑而已。When the boss makes general and negative comments, dont take it personally.当老板进行泛泛的批评时，不要对号入座。50不得当地，不得体地 beyond a certain appropriate point爱有助于孩子健康成长，但溺爱会宠坏,甚至毁了孩子。活学活用Love adds health to the growth of children, but the lo

44、ve beyond a certain appropriate point will make them spoiled or even ruined.51 They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country.Attributive ClauseAttributive Clause 他们会怀念那种喝着茶或咖啡招待客人的礼节性交往,这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。52I cant go

45、with you on the matter.-exist or take place at the same time, be found together Responsibility goes with becoming a father.go with在那个问题上，我不能附和你。初为人父，肩上也多了一份责任。Disease / laziness often goes with poverty. 疾病(懒惰)与贫困常相伴而生。随大流 go with the tide赶时髦 go with the time53 Normally, Americans do not assess their

46、 visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. 通常来说，美国人不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评估他们的客人，更不用说他们会在增进相互信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去高尔夫球场了。54surroundings n. (pl.)surrounding adj.The house is

47、 in beautiful surroundings. 这座房屋四周的环境优美。She grew up in comfortable surroundings. 她在舒适的环境中长大。in the surrounding areas 在周围地区 Other “ing” words with Plural form: belongings 所有物, findings 调查结果, savings 储蓄存款, doings 行为55 -and even less likelymuch less (also still less)She wouldnt take a drink, much less

48、stay for dinner.她连水都不肯喝一口，更别说留下吃饭了。Synonym: let alone 更不必说; not to speak of更谈不上not to mention更不必说;且不说, 宝宝连走路都不会，更不用说跑了。The baby cant even walk, much less/ (can he) run . 56 Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. (Para.4) Since

49、 we in most cases evaluate our visitors and ask them questions from a professional point of view instead of a social one, we start talking what is our concern very quickly (and there is no need in our eyes to spend time on small talk and the like). 57rather than (1)-in preference to (sb./sth. ); ins

50、tead of 与其(某人某事)不如不愿Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them. 核科学的发展应有益于人民，而不是给他们带来危害。 Rather than cause trouble, he left. 他宁可走开也不愿引起麻烦。58rather than (2)- more, in a greater degree. He is a writer rather than an actor. (n.)He ran rather than walked. (v.)These s

51、hoes are comfortable rather than pretty. (adj.)I did it for you rather than for myself. (prep. phr.)This is for father to decide rather than for you to decide. (forto inf.)It was what he meant rather than what he said. (clause)He engaged in writing a letter rather than reading a newspaper. (gerundia

52、l phrase.) 59rather than (3)( with to inf. omitted “to” after “rather than”)I decided to write rather than telephone. Rather than run the risk of losing everything they accept his term.I would rather try and fail than give up the plan.He prefers to work rather than idle.60Cf: rather than & other tha

53、n (4)other than- (esp. after a negative ) except; different from; not (尤用于否定词之后)除了；不同于，He never speaks to me other than to ask for something. 他除了向我要东西，从不跟我说话。 I have never known him behave other than selfishly.我只知道他一向自私自利。rather than多用于肯定语境，而other than 多用于否定语境。无论是rather than， 还是other than，其后都可跟名词、动词

54、(不带to的不定式、动词的 -ing形式、谓语动词等）、形容词、副词、介词短语，甚至句子等。61consequently ad. (1)-as a result, soThe bank refused to help the company; consequently it went out of business. 银行拒绝帮助这家公司，公司因此倒闭了。The rain was heavy, and consequently the land was flooded.consequent adj.Her long illness and the consequent absence put

55、her behind in her work. consequence n.,If the boss knew it, the consequences would be terrible.62Cf. consequent & subsequentsubsequent - next, followingIn subsequent lesson, well discuss the Green Spaces in Cities.The story will be continued in subsequent issues of the magazine.subsequence n. subseq

56、uently adv.63work at-put effort into (sth. or doing sth. ); engage in (some activity) 工作，从事于，钻研You will never become good at tennis, unless you work at it.除非你下点工夫，否则你将永远打不好网球。I havent yet persuaded the manager to accept my suggestions, but dont worry, Im still working at it! 我还没有说服经理接受我的建议，但请别担心，我仍然

57、在努力着。64-taking into account Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job. Notice that “given” is followed by a noun phrase, while “given that” is followed by a finite clause. 看她对孩子们的兴趣，教书应是适合她的职业。given (that) prep. Given her interest in

58、children, teaching should be the right career for her.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们算做得不错了。65-keep sth. for future use, not use up sth.Exercisessave . for养精蓄锐以打好篮球比赛。你能把钱留到暑假用吗?Save your strength for the basketball match.Can you save your money for summer holiday?66 To us the impersonality of electronic communication

59、 has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. 对我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。无人情味与.有关系手头的671, 她提的问题与眼下审议的事无关。2,意识到退休在即, 他寻找额外的收入。3, 他写作时，案头总是放本词典。1, Her question has no relation to the matter at hand. 2, Realizing that the end of his career is near at hand, he looke

60、d for some additional income. 3, When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand. 2) near in time or place 在附近,在手边,临近的 1) under discussion or being consideredExercises (Review Unit 10 (I) at hand68conduct- carry out, direct, manage 进行，指导，管理She was appointed to conduct the advertising campaign.