通信工程本科毕业设计论文外文英文文献翻译

1、毕业设计附件材料 学生姓名： 学 号： 所在系部： 电气信息系 专业班级： 06通信本科（二）班 指导老师： 日 期： 二一年6月 目录TOC o 1-3 h u HYPERLINK l _Toc30860 1 英文文献翻译 PAGEREF _Toc30860 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc11351 1.1英文文献原文题目 PAGEREF _Toc11351 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc259 1.2中文翻译 PAGEREF _Toc259 8 HYPERLINK l _Toc14659 2 专业阅读书目 PAGEREF _Toc14659 12 HYPERLINK l _To

2、c6762 2.1 毫米波雷达及其应用(精) PAGEREF _Toc6762 12 1 英文文献翻译1.1英文文献原文题目 Increases massively along with the automobile, on the road the stream of vehicles rest, does not make the road traffic accident year to increase large scale by the , causes the massive personnel casualty and the property damage. News whi

3、ch according to Chinese male peaceful on January 14, 2005 issued: China altogether sent in 2004 to live the traffic accident 567, 753, caused 99, 217 dead, 451, 810 people the wound, the immediate goods are lost 27. 7 hundred million Yuan. Traffic accidents primary cause exercises after over speed ,

4、 occupies the magical skill causes, the liquor drives, weary driving and so on. But collides is the traffic accidentmain manifestation, majority is the vehicle - vehicle collision and the person - vehicle collision. may affirm, along with our country automobile inventory and productivity swift growt

5、h, high speed road and first-class highway course fast extending, if does not enlarge road service peaceful the entire control, the traffic safety accident will increase massively, causes more casualties and economical theloss. the expert indicated to the road service accidents analysis result, in o

6、ccurs junction passes in the accident, some 80% are because the pilot responds not promptly, does not handle, when makes to become. And some 65% accident are the automobile follows the collision to create, other belong lean the surface collision, to scratch hang the result. Therefore, Germany Merced

7、es-Benz Companys experts, in hands over after each kind to pass the accident to carry on the system research analysis obtains: If the pilot can before the accident has to shift to an earlier time 1 second consciousness to attend a meeting to have the traffic accident to occur, and has adopted corres

8、ponding the true measure, then the overwhelming majority accident possibly avoids. the automobile anti-collision early warning system to enhances the automobile travel security to be very important. Year starts from the 1971, domestic and foreign presented the ultrasonic wave, the radar, the laser,

9、the machine to regard one after another to think, infrared as well as interactive and so on anti-collision early warning systems research or the product. This article to each kind of anti-collision aspects and so on early warning systems principle, characteristic, flaw will carry on the analysis, an

10、d proposes the automobile anti-collision early warning systems development direction. The automobile anti-collision early warning system is in the automobile travel process, as well as about the direction danger carries on the examination to automobilesaround, in the automobile and the danger has in

11、 the collision danger situation, carries on the acousto-optic warning, prompts pilot dangerous thing the direction as well as the degree of hazard, with the aim of letting the pilot take the corresponding measure, avoids following the collision and the side hangs and so on traffic accidents occurren

12、ces. Automobile anti-collision early warning system general by the information acquisition, the information processing, the information judgment, the early warning information and so on four groups to become. The information acquisition present stages technology has the ultrasonic wave, the radar, t

13、he laser, the machine vision,infrared as well as interactive, through these technical gathering automobile travel process in all around information; The information processing part is mainly carries on the processing analysis to the gathering information, sentences to break in the automobile travel

14、process whether all around to have the danger, commonly used monolithic integrated circuit, ARM, microprocessors and so on DSP, even uses the multi-CPU special purpose computer to process; Information the judgment is according to this vehicle vehicle type, the weather, time as well as this vehicle a

15、nd danger distance to, information and so on relative velocity, relative acceleration, through the information fusion technology, real-time carries on the dangerous or the secure state dynamic identification; When the early warning information part mainly refers to information the identification for

16、 the danger, this part carries on the dangerous rank judgment, the dangerous direction as well as should acousto-optic warning. As a result of the different information acquisition technology, its corresponding automobile against hits the early warning system to be different, below to each kind of a

17、nti-collision early warning systems principle, the characteristic, lacks to fall and so on aspects to carry on the analysis. After radar truck anti-collision early warning system use electromagnetic wave launch, meets obstacle the reflection the echo to examine and the computation unceasingly to it

18、with the front or rear area the obstacle to the speed and the distance, undergoes the analysis judgment, with does not carry on the warning to present hazards goal according to degree . This system by the dual-mode antenna, the directional coupler, the mixer, frequency modulation the oscillator and

19、the processing unit is composed. When the transmitter uses microwave frequency modulated continuous wave system , in the vehicles march forward, the radar pencil beam launches the frequency modulated continuous wave signal forward, when the transmitting message meets the goal, is reflected for the i

20、dentical antenna receive, after mixing enlargement processing, between the available its pulsation signal the difference expressed that the radar and goal distance leaves, may obtain the distance the corresponding signal impulse after the microprocessor processing computation to count the value, aga

21、in according to the slip frequency signal difference and the relative velocity relations, calculates the goal the relative velocity which reaches to thunder , the microprocessor above two physical quantity substitution dangerous time letter counts the matrix, then figures out the dangerous time. rad

22、ar sounding stable property, not easily object surface shape and color shadesound. The environment adaptation performance is good, is been big the weather effect, it has the measuring time to be short, the measuring range big (may achieve above 10km), the precision higher merit. But periphery the ve

23、hicles, the obstacle can have the electromagnetic wave disturbance to it, between trailer-mounted radar each other also has the disturbance. This system is huge, the construction cost is expensive. On the high speed road, the isolation strip and the road two side metal has limited this systems appli

24、cation to a great extent. Since the early 80s, many of the world famous universities and research institutions to And the United States more than 300 companies (including IBM and other computer companies) are put into research Study. Such as millimeter wave radar research, automotive radar used for

25、more than 30GHZ The millimeter wave radar, it can reduce the electromagnetic radiation from the antenna beam angle increases Degrees, eliminating the need to reduce the reflection caused by the malfunction and interference; other Surface as the Doppler shift, the relative speed and high precision. P

26、resent primarily Used in millimeter wave broadband wireless data communications and guided weapons, but still did not put Off the radar of the inherent defects in poor anti-interference abilityto detect small angle range, the steam Car driving in the jitter can not adapt, but also turn out in the ro

27、ad before and after testing by theTo turn restrictions. millimeter wave radar and image sensor combination with image Sensor under the direction of the road, so as to control the transfer of laser or millimeter wave radar Moving direction, laser or millimeter wave radar to follow the car driving Dri

28、ve rotation. Have Effective solution to the laser or millimeter wave radar inherent part of the defect, the detection side To the line, perspective view of the shortcomings of small or even 0, but the image sensors And Leida Yun station control technology high. improvements in algorithmic research S

29、tudy 18 - 20, if the millimeter wave linear frequency modulation continuous wave (LFM - CM), two-lane Maximum matching hair, Larry detection, high-precision phase detection, narrowband compensation side Method, measured by the second difference method, etc. on the precision and improved anti-interfe

30、rence. Automotive collision avoidance systems are often not only in a technical, but full use of each Kind of technology expertise, the whole system performance greatly improved. An example of Chongqing After nearly a decade Chi Technology Co., Ltd. developed the intelligent vehicle highway Active d

31、riving safety warning system , Information Monitoring on each side of car is the super- Sound ranging principles. In the short-range ultrasonic distance measurement technique is very good, 4 - 5m range of powerful, but the car is moving in from the left and right sides of the information Auto close,

32、 so the use of its information gathering before and after image sensor. After nearly Decades of research, the company has been in the software algorithms have great breakthrough, as the U.S. State TIs digital signal processor development, the company designs and more CPU Processors, so each CPU divi

33、sion of labor. Now, the company has been able to do per second Able to handle 37 images per second, far more than the film image, reaching as Frequency flow requirements, to ensure real-time detection, accuracy. From the twentieth century 80s, famous universities, research institutions And automobil

34、e manufacturers to actively research Automotive Collision warning systems, various transport Companies and insurance companies are very concerned about how to reduce traffic accidents, the original Due to the following points: According to statistics, about 120 million people worldwide die each year

35、 pay Through accident, car accident not only caused the increase in economic losses, returned to the urban traffic Caused unnecessary congestion through to families in many wounds, so that peoples health Living adversely affected, it has increasingly become concerned about social issues; Research Th

36、at, as early as 1 s warning will reduced by 50% 90% of rear-end accident; security has been The focus of the automotive market, the survey shows that most users think the most important consideration The problem is that the safety car; great market prospects of the system 21. Through the various exi

37、sting features of vehicle collision avoidance warning systems, performance Analysis, we found that, ultrasonic, radar, laser has the following inherent flaw: in Car side there is more objective, not well identified the most dangerous targets, Lead to false positives; roads are not well detected corn

38、ers dangerous target, subject to public Impact of road railings, also led to false positive and false negative; radar and laser can be measured On the distance of several kilometers, but ineffective in the 200m the following high cost, big problem Little to do, and they system complexity, bulky, exp

39、ensive; laser as Perception point of view is almost 0 directive, the weather and robustness; machine vision The collision warning system with high technical requirements and hardware requirements by climate; Infrared collision warning system is relatively the best, all-weather use,anti- Interference

40、 ability, but the systems technical requirements and hardware requirements are also high; interaction Intelligent anti-collision warning system in the type of traffic information on a certain role in promoting, However, to supporting the use of cars widely used and requires a long process. Developme

41、nt of electronic technology will drive the development of collision warning systems. In order to prevent Collision warning system to overcome the shortcomings of each system above, the following aspects should : to improve anti-jamming capability, reduce false positives; increased visual angle, Impr

42、ove the monitoring range; enhance stability, reduce false positives, false negative; increase in driving Members and automobile testing, because the collision in the drivers fatigue driving and vehicle Performance also has a relationship; increased police decision-making factors, ultrasonic, radar,

43、laser, etc. Alarm factor is the distance of cars and hazards should be considered relative velocity, The relative acceleration, vehicle and weather; form of intelligent expert system to improve reporting Police real-time, accuracy, because the different models and different weather safety Distance a

44、nd time requirements of different security; industry standard form, it is imperative Because the product can not do without the successful application of industry standards. Collision Warning System will promote intelligent car, information, and Play a catalytic role on unmanned technology to make o

45、ur journey in life Safe, comfortable, fast being.1.2中文翻译 随着汽车大量增加,路上车流不息,使道路交通事故逐年大幅度增加,造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失。据中国公安部2005 年1月14日发布的新闻:中国在2004年总共发生交通事故567, 753 起,导致99, 217 人死亡, 451, 810 人受伤,直接财产损失27. 7 亿元。交通事故的主要原因包括超速行使、占道行使、酒后驾驶、疲劳驾驶等。而碰撞是交通事故的主要表现形式,其中大部分是车- 车碰撞和人- 车碰撞。可以肯定,随着我国汽车保有量和生产量的快速增长,高速公路和高等级公路里程的

46、快速延伸,如果不加大汽车交通安全控制,交通安全事故会大量增加,造成更多的伤亡和经济损失。 专家对汽车交通事故的分析结果表明 ,在所发生的交通事故中,有80% 是由于驾驶员反应不及时,处置不当所造成。其中有65% 的事故属汽车追尾碰撞造成,其余则属于侧面碰撞、擦挂所致。因此,德国奔驰公司的专家们在对各类交通事故进行系统研究分析后得出 :若驾驶员能在事故发生前提早1秒钟意识到会有交通事故发生,并采取了相应的正确措施,则绝大多数事故都可能避免。汽车防撞预警系统对提高汽车行驶安全性十分重要。从1971年开始,国内外相继出现了超声波、雷达、激光、机器视觉、红外以及交互式等防撞预警系统的研究或者产品。本文

47、将对各种防撞预警系统的原理、特点、缺陷等方面进行分析,并提出汽车防撞预警系统的发展方向。 汽车防撞预警系统 是在汽车行驶过程中,对汽车的前后以及左右方向的危险物进行检测,在汽车与危险物具有发生碰撞危险的情况下,进行声光报警,提示驾驶员危险物的方向以及危险程度,以便让驾驶员采取相应的措施,避免追尾碰撞和侧挂等交通事故的发生。汽车防撞预警系统一般由信息采集、信息处理、信息判断、预警信息等四个部分组成。信息采集现阶段的技术有超声波、雷达、激光、机器视觉、红外以及交互式,通过这些技术采集汽车行驶过程中的四周信息;信息处理部分主要是对采集的信息进行处理分析,判断汽车行驶过程中四周是否有危险物, 常用单片

48、机、ARM、DSP等微处理器,甚至采用多CPU专用计算机来处理;信息判断就是根据本车车型、天气、时候以及本车与危险物的距离、相对速度、相对加速度等信息,通过信息融合技术,实时进行危险或安全状态的动态辨识;预警信息部分主要指信息辨识为危险时,该部分进行危险级别判断、危险方向以及相应的声光报警。由于不同的信息采集技术,其相应的汽车防撞预警系统不同,下面对各种防撞预警系统的原理、特点、缺陷等方面进行分析。 雷达汽车防撞预警系统利用电磁波发射后遇到障碍物反射的回波对其不断检测和计算与前方或后方障碍物的相对速度和距离,经过分析判断, 对构成危险的目标按程度不同进行报警。该系统由收发天线、定向耦合器、混频

49、器、调频振荡器和处理单元组成。当发射机采用微波调频连续波体制时,在车辆行进中,雷达窄波束向前发射调频连续波信号,当发射信号遇到目标时, 被反射回来为同一天线接收, 经混频放大处理后,可用其差拍信号间相差来表示雷达与目标的距离,把对应的脉冲信号经微处理器处理计算可得到距离数值,再根据差频信号相差与相对速度关系, 计算出目标对雷达的相对速度,微处理器将上述两个物理量代入危险时间函数数字模型后,即可算出危险时间。雷达探测性能稳定,不容易受对象表面形状和颜色的影响。环境适应性能好, 受天气影响较大, 它具有测量时间短、量程大(可达到10km 以上) 、精度高等优点。但是周围车辆、障碍物都会对其产生电磁

50、波干扰,车载雷达彼此之间也存在干扰。此系统庞大, 造价昂贵。在高速路上, 隔离带和路两边的金属在很大程度上限制了此系统的应用。 80年代初期以来,世界上许多著名大学和研究机构,以及美国的300多家公司(包括IBM等计算机公司) 都投入研究。例如毫米波雷达的研究,汽车用雷达采用30GHZ以上的毫米波雷达,一方面可缩小从天线辐射的电磁波射束角幅度,减少由于不需要的反射所引起的误动作和干扰;另一方面由于多普勒频移大,相对速度的测量精度高。目前主要应用在宽带无线数据通信及毫米波制导武器,但是仍然没有摆脱雷达的固有的缺陷抗干扰能力差,检测视角范围小,在汽车行驶中的抖动无法适应,还有在公路转弯出的前后检测

51、受到弯道的限制。毫米波雷达和图像传感器的结合,有图像传感器根据路面的方向,从而控制激光或者毫米波雷达的转动方向,让激光或者毫米波雷达跟随汽车行驶车道转动。有效的解决了激光或者毫米波雷达的固有部分缺陷,即检测方向直线,视角角度小甚至为0的缺陷,但是要求图像传感器和对雷达云台控制技术高。 在算法上的改进的研究 ,如果毫米波的线性调频连续波(LFM - CM) 、双线极大值匹配发、双拼检测法、高精度相位检测法、窄带补偿方法、二次相差法等等所测精度上和抗干扰上有所提高。汽车防撞系统常常不只是用一种技术,而是充分发挥每种技术的特长,让整个系统的性能得到很大提高。如重庆安驰科技有限公司经过近十年研究出的“

52、高速公路智能型汽车行驶主动安全预警系统”,汽车左右两边的信息监控就是超声波测距原理。超声波在短距离测距中是非常好的技术,在4- 5m范围内功能强大,而汽车在行驶中左右两边的信息都离汽车很近,所以其前后的信息采集使用图像传感器。经过近十年的研究,该公司在软件算法上已经有很大突破,随着美国TI公司的数字信号处理器的发展,该公司设计出多CPU的处理器,让各个CPU分工合作。现在,该公司已能做到每秒能处理37帧图像,远远超过电影每秒播放的图像,达到了视频流的要求,保证了检测的实时性、准确性。 从二十世纪八十年代起,国内外著名大学、研究机构以及汽车生产厂家就积极地研究汽车防撞预警系统,各个运输公司和保险

53、公司也非常关心如何减少交通事故的发生,其原因有以下几点: 据统计,全球每年都有约120万人死于交通事故, 汽车事故的增加不仅带来了经济损失,还给城市交通带来了不必要的堵塞,给家庭带来许多创伤,使人们的生活受到负面影响,这日益成为人们关心的社会问题; 研究表明,早1 s报警会减少50% 90% 追尾事故; 安全一直是汽车市场的焦点,调查表明,大部分用户认为最重要考虑的问题是汽车的安全性; 系统的市场前景很大 21 。通过对现有的各种汽车防撞预警系的特点、性能进行分析,我们发现,超声波、雷达、激光有以下的固有缺陷: 在汽车一方出现多目标时,不能很好的辨识出最危险的目标,导致误报; 在道路弯道处不能

54、很好检测到危险目标,受公路上栏杆影响,也导致误报和漏报; 雷达和激光都能测出上几公里的距离,但是在200m以下效果不好、成本高、大题小做,并且它们系统复杂、体积庞大、造价昂贵; 激光的视觉角度几乎为0,方向性强,天气变化鲁棒性差; 机器视觉的防撞预警系统的技术要求和硬件要求高,受气候影响; 红外防撞预警系统相对来说是最好的,可以全天候使用,抗干扰能力强,但是系统的技术要求和硬件要求也高; 交互式智能化防撞预警系统在交通信息化上有一定的促进作用,但是要广泛应用和汽车配套使用都需要漫长的过程。电子技术的发展将带动防撞预警系统的发展。为了使防撞预警系统克服上面各个系统的缺陷,应该从以下几个方面去做

55、: 提高抗干扰能力,减少误报; 增加视觉角度,提高监控范围; 增强稳定性,减少误报、漏报; 增加驾驶员和汽车检测,因为碰撞事故中驾驶员的疲劳驾驶和汽车的性能也有关系; 增加报警决策因素,超声波、雷达、激光等系统报警的因素是汽车和危险物距离,应该考虑相对速度、相对加速度、车型以及天气; 形成智能型专家系统,提高报警的实时性、准确性,因为不同的车型和不同的天气对安全距离和安全时间要求不同; 形成行业标准,这是当务之急,因为产品的成功应用离不开行业标准。防撞预警系统的应用将推动汽车的智能化、信息化,也对无人驾驶技术起到促进作用,从而让我们的行车生活处于安全、舒适、快捷之中。 2 专业阅读书目2.1

56、毫米波雷达及其应用(精) 内容摘要 毫米波雷达的研制是从40年代开始的。50年代出现了用于机场交通管制和船用导航的毫米波雷达（工作波长约为 8毫米），显示出高分辨力、高精度、小天线口径等优越性。但是，由于技术上的困难，毫米波雷达的发展一度受到限制。这些技术上的困难主要是：随着工作频率的提高，功率源输出功率和效率降低，接收机混频器和传输线损失增大。70年代中期以后，毫米波技术有了很大的进展,研制成功一些较好的功率源:固态器件如雪崩管（见雪崩二极管）和耿氏振荡器（见电子转移器件）；热离子器件如磁控管、行波管、速调管、扩展的相互作用振荡器、返波管振荡器和回旋管等。脉冲工作的固态功率源多采用雪崩管,其

57、峰值功率可达515瓦(95吉赫)。磁控管可用作高功率的脉冲功率源，峰值功率可达16千瓦（95吉赫）或1千瓦(140吉赫)，效率约为10。回旋管是一种新型微波和毫米波振荡器或放大器，在毫米波波段可提供兆瓦级的峰值功率。在低噪声混频器方面，肖特基二极管（见晶体二极管、肖特基结）混频器在毫米波段已得到应用，在100吉赫范围，低噪声混频器噪声温度可低至500K(未致冷)或100K（致冷）。此外，在高增益天线、集成电路和鳍线波导等方面的技术也有所发展。70年代后期以来，毫米波雷达已经应用于许多重要的民用和军用系如近程高分辨力防空系统、导弹制导系统、目标测量系统等。(作者: 向敬成 张明友 毫米波雷达及其

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