人教英语选修8第一单元WarmingupandReading

1、 Unit 1 A land of diversity一个多元文化的国土 Warming up and Reading国名释义：美利坚合众国（The United States of America）简称美国（U.S.A.）。美国因洲名而得名。 美国的绰号叫“山姆大叔”。传说始于1812年英美战争期间的美国纽约特罗伊城商人山姆威尔 国鸟：白头海雕 （秃鹰）这种秃鹰是北美一种有着黑色的身体和翅膀,白色的头和尾巴。在1782年这种鹰被设计为美国国家的象征 National Day：July, 4th Independent in 1776.） 非洲裔美国人内战纪念碑纪念人民权领袖马丁路德金The

2、famous speech: I Have A Dream Hello, everyone! I am Jerry Brown （杰里布朗）， the governor of California. Lets have a test before we start to learn Unit 1. Are you ready?Test ABCD1. Who is the president of United States of American now?Its a very easy question, If you choose the wrong answer, you must be

3、an alien!2. How many states are there in the USA?A.B.C.D.47484950A.B.C.D.3. Which stands for the USA? National Emblems （国徽）A.B.C.D.4. Which doesnt belong to the USA?Statue ofLibertyGoldenBridgeWhiteHouseEiffelTower5. Which are American brands?ABCDEFGGermanyGermanyFinland6.Who are Americans?ABCDEkean

4、uReevesDavidBeckhamSteven SpeilbergRonaldinho BritainBrazil8. _has the largest population in the USA. A. California B. Alaska C. Washington D. Texas7. Where is the White House?A. California B. Alaska C. Washington D. Texas9. Californias official nickname is the _, its the _ largest state in the USA.

5、 A. Sunflower State, Second B. Golden State, third C. Sunflower State, first D. Golden State, first10. _ is Californias largest and the nations second largest city. A. Sacramento B. Los Angeles C. San Diego D. San Francisco芝加哥大学钢铁森林芝加哥海滨宾馆Warming upLook at the map of the USA with your group. Write o

6、n the map the names of as many of the following as you can.Ocean on the east coast _Ocean on the west cost _Country to the north of USA _Country to the south of USA _Mountains range in the west _Atlantic OceanPacific OceanCanadaMexico Rocky Mountains (落基山脉) Great Lakes : Longest river in the USA :So

7、me important cities:Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and OntarioMississippi RiverNew York, Washington D C, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, New OrleansSan FranciscoLos AngelesHoustonBostonNew YorkRocky MountainsMexicoChicagoCanadaAtlantic OceanPacific Oceanthe MississippiSuperiorMichiganErieHuron

8、OntarioCalifornia (one of the 50 states of the USA)CALIFORNIA (the Golden State)Lying on the Pacific Ocean, California is on the west coast of the United States, which is diverse in topography(地形), climate and ecological environment. It has an area of 411,000 square kilometers, and it is one of the

9、US states of the largest population, with the most developed economy. Meanwhile, its pleasant weather, long beach, and graceful natural landscape make the tourism prosperous.CaliforniaCALIFORNIAReadingDivide the passage into three parts and try to get the main idea of each part.Part1 ( ) Brief intro

10、duction to California.Part2 ( ) When and why people from different countries moved to California. Part3 ( ) The future of California. para1para2-para9 para10ReadingHow each picture is relevant to the history of California? Native American Indianone of the first people to live in California. Native C

11、alifornia IndiansA gold minerthe discovery of gold in California created a gold rush which brought people from all over the world to California. California gold miners around 1849Other reference pictures about gold rush in California A building in Chinatown, San FranciscoMany Chinese have settled in

12、 California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco.Chinatowns in CaliforniaTrue or False1. California is the largest state in the USA and has the largest population. 2. The native Americans are treated well after the arrival of Europeans. 3. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the

13、 majority were religious men. 4. In the early 1800s, Russians began setting in California just for fur. 5. Duing Gold Rush Period, many achieved their dream of being rich. 6. In the late 19th century, Chinese immigrants arrived in California. FFTTFF_Detailed reading IIBeside each time note down an i

14、mportant event in Californian history.15,000 years ago16th century182118461848 1850First settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia. These people are now known as Native AmericansSpanish soldiers arrived in South AmericanCalifornia became part of MexicoCalifornia became the 31st state of the USGol

15、d was discovered in CaliforniaThe US declared war on Mexico:Beside each cultural group write the period in which theyfirst came to California in large numbers. SpanishRussiansAfricansChineseItaliansDanishin the early 16th centuryIn the early 1800s1800sIn the 1860sin the late 19th century1911JewishJa

16、paneseKoreansCambodiansVietnamesePakistanisin the 1920s at the beginning of the 20th centuryin more recent decadesin more recent decadesin more recent decadesfrom the beginning in the 1970s 3 Why is California in the 21st century such a multicultural community? (Using 3 or 4 sentences to explain.)Th

17、e state of California is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian people have been immigrated to the state for the last 200 years. multi- “多、多方面、多方向”multi-colored 多色的 multi-racial 多民族的multi-media 多媒体 multiparty 多党制的Suggested answer to exercise 3 on page 3 :The state of Californi

18、a is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian peoples have been moving into the state for the last 200 years. It is this mix of peoples with their own customs, culture and food that have given California its multicultural flavour. Problems that might arise include intercultural

19、rivalry or competition, discrimination or misunderstanding. It is to the credit of Californians that such problems do not arise very often.1. diversity = variety 多样性, 差异，变化a diversity of vegetables 多种多样的diversify vt. 使多样性, 使不同; vi.多变化，发生变化diversify ones skills / interestsWe should diversify the syll

20、abus to attract more students.A company should diversify.Language points2. illustrate vt. （用图示、实例等）说明/阐明； 插图于（书籍等），图示 The lecturer illustrated the theory with examples.Please illustrate how to use the machine.Illustrate a book with a lot of pictures.在书中加入许多插图。illustration n. 实例 (+of); 插图；说明，例证The do

21、ctor gave an illustration of the dangers of smoking. by way of illustration 以实例说明in illustration of 作为的例证 3. California is the third largest state in the 序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 可以修饰形容词最高级的词: by far /much/almost/nearly/可以修饰比较级的词: no / a little / a bit /

22、any / slightly/by far /a lot/a great deal/much/even/still/rather Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _? A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far B 4. population 人口 The population of China_ large. And 70% of the population of China_ peasants. 表示整体人口时谓语动词用单数, 表

23、示部分人口 时谓语动词用复数。 而形容人口的多少通常用large / small。 对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用 Whats the population of .? Whats the population of Guangdong? have a population of . 有多少人口 China has a population of 1.3 billion. an increase / growth in population 人口isare5. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in

24、 the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化特质的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。having attracted people from all over the world 是现在分词的完成时作state的定语， 其作用相当于一个定语从句which has attracted peo

25、ple from all over the world.live on 继续生活或存在。如：Picasso is dead but his paintings live on.毕加索人已作古，但他的画却依然流传。distinct adj. 有区别的，不同的（from); 明确的，清楚的；His hobbies are quite distinct from his work.There is a distinct smell of perfume in the room.distinction n. 区别，差别；特征，优秀；荣誉，名声the distinction between a tige

26、r and a cata writer of distinction非凡的/卓越的作家He won many prizes and distinctions.他获得许多奖赏和荣誉。6. When the first people arrived in what we now know as California,宾语从句= the place that we now know as California. 定语从句George Washington was born in _ is now the state of Virginia. which B. where C. that D. wha

27、t = George Washington was born in the place that is now the state of Virginia. D 7. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.It is likely/possible/probable that sb/sth is likely to do sth某人/物有可能做某事likely adv. 可能，或许 （常与very, most, quite

28、连用）He will very likely pass the examination.Most likely his attempt will fail.辨析: likely, possible, probable按可能性程度, probable可能性最大, 其次为likely, 最小为possible, 但需要注意的是, likely的主语可以是人, 但possible, probable却只能用形式主语it.8. by means of: by using 用办法, 借助 He crossed the river by means of a raft. We express out fe

29、elings by means of words. means 单复数同形 All possible means have been tried. by this means 用这种方法 by no means 决不, 一点也不 by all means: anyway 无论如何/务必 Surely/ Of course 当然可以by some means or other adv.想尽办法means 方法、手段、工具, 单复数同形, 多和介词by 搭配。way 方法, 普通用语。可用于任何处理事物的方式。多于介词in搭配。 method 方法, 理论, 指合乎逻辑或系统的方法。多和介词wit

30、h 搭配。 9. 辨析suffer与suffer from suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等, 其宾语为damage, pain, loss, poverty, defeat, grief, insult, punishment, hunger, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折)， 但suffer from表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。10. force into 强迫成为/做/进入They forced him into signing (to sign) the paper.

31、He forced his feet into his shoes.She was forced into crime by circumstances.她为境遇所迫而犯罪。The fellow forced his way into my home.那家伙强行闯入我家。by force of 借之力；依据come into force （法律）实施carry/put into force 施行（法律）join forces with 与协力force强作The singer had to force her top notes.force a smile 强作笑颜a forced laugh

32、 勉强的笑11. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.幸免, 幸免于难 Only 12 of the 140 passengers survived.挺过来, 挣扎过下去e.g. I dont think I could survive another year as a teacher; just too stressful.比(某人)长寿, 比(通常指亲人)活的更长

33、e.g. Harry survived his wife by three months. 1) survive11. majority n. 大多数 The majority _ for the budget.The majority of students _ hard-working. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.is/areareis1) 单独做主语时, 若强调整体, 谓语动词用单数， 强调个体时, 谓语动词用复数。2) the majority of + n. 后可用不可数名词, 也可用 可数名词复数, 谓语动词由后面的名词

34、决定。3) 表示领先多少票数时用不定冠词a。e.g. He was elected by a majority of 50.minority 少数的1) At the meeting, young people were _. A. in majority B. in the majority C. of majority D. of the majority2) The majority of students _ trees in the fields and some are carrying water. A. is planting B. was planting C. are pl

35、anting D. were planting3) The majority _ with me. A. agrees B. agree C. are agreed D. is agreemajorityB C A 12. declare vt. 1) to make known publicly or officially 宣布, 宣告The chairman declared the results of the election. War was declared on the enemy.法官宣判这个窃贼有罪。The judge declared the thief to be gui

36、lty. 2) to say solemnly so that there is no doubt about the meaning 郑重地说, 声称, 断言 她郑重宣布她对此事一无所知。 She solemnly declared that she knew nothing about it. 请表明你的立场。 Declare your position, please. 她声称自己无罪。 She declared herself to be innocent. 3)To make a full statement (向税务机关，海关等）申报（所得，应缴税物品） Have you anyt

37、hing to declare?announce 把大家所关心的事情, 特别是有新闻价值的, 做一般或正式的宣布；显示，预告A warm sunshine announces that summer is coming.11. make/earn a/ones life 谋生、习惯新的生活方式make /earn / get a / ones living 谋生现在越来越多的年轻人去了城市并在那儿谋生。Nowadays more and more young people move to cities to make a life there.all ones life as large as

38、 life bringto lifecome to life Thats lifebe ones lifeall ones life 终身，一辈子as large as life 与真人或实物一样大的；真正的bringto life 使复活/苏醒；使活跃起来come to life 复活/复苏，活跃起来Thats life （表示失望但无可奈何）这就是生活， 生活就是这样be ones life 对某人至关重要的人/物13. a large percentage have chosen= a large percentage of Chinese-Americans have chosen A

39、 large percentage of population live in big cities.这宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的游客。 A large percentage of the hotels income comes from the visitors to the lake.Only a small percentage of students are foreigners.What percentage of students are absent?percent percent (用在数词后) (其余都用percentage)The result is express

40、ed _(以百分比)._ (比例越来越大) of the population own their own houses._ (大部分) people came._ (百分之五十的学生) came from workers family.as a percentage An increasing percentage A large percentage of 50 percent of the students14. establish a town 建立城镇establish a new business 开创新事业establish friendly relations with 建立友好关系establish that he was right.证明他是对的。15. immigrate vi. (to/ into) 移居, 迁入他很小时从爱尔兰移民到美国 As a child, he immigrated to the US from Ireland.immigration n. immigration laws 移民法immigrant (s) n.移民the