高考英语二轮专题复习提分训练阅读理解文化教育类真题,含解析2

1、2014高考英语二轮专题复习 提分训练“阅读理解”文化教育类（2012年真题，含解析）Passage 1 （2012 北京- B）Peanuts to ThisProudly reading my words,I glanced around the room,only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.Confused,I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher.Having no choice,I slowly raised th

2、e report I had slaved over,hoping to hide myself.What could be causing everyone to act this way? Quickly,I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task.This was thefirst real talk I received in my new school.It seemed simple:go on the Internet and find information about a man named George

3、Washington.Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country,I had never heard of that name before.As I searched the name of this fellow,it became evident that there were two people bearing the samename who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts

4、,while the other led some sort of army across America.I stared at the screen,wondering which one my teacher meant.I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice:flip（扶B ） a coin.Heads the commander,and tails the peanutsguy.Ah!Tails,my report would be about the great man who invented peanut but

5、ter,George Washington Carver.Weeks later,standing before this unfriendly mass,I was totally lost.Oh well,Ilowered the paper and sat down at my desk,burning to find out what I had done wrong.As a classmate began his report,it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington,the man who started th

6、e American Revolution. The w hole world became quiet! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?felt thatObviously,my grade was awful.Heartbroken but fearless,I decided to turn this around,I talked to Miss Lancelot,but she insisted:No re-dos;no new grade.I B.He followed the advice and f

7、lipped a coin. C.He forgot his teacher s instruction. D.He was new at the school.the punishment was not chance.Consequently,I threw year.Ten months later,thatheadmaster soffice withjustified,and myself heartilychance unfolded my grandfather,nI believed I deserved into my work for the rest ofas I fou

8、ndow havinga secondthe schoolconversation.Iof the year as is sweet!smiled and flashed back to the embarrassingthe headmaster informed meof my option to skipmyself sittingan entirely moment atin the differentthe sixththe beginning grade.Justice【文章大意】作者初来美国新学校时，由于对美国历史不熟悉，学习成绩极差 险，但作者并没有消极地接受现实 ，而是发愤图

9、强，终于获得了成功。,面临留级的危.What did the authorA.Controversial.s classmates think about his report?B.Ridiculous.C.Boring.D.Puzzling.【解析】选Bo细节理解题。由第一段第一句的only to find my classmates bearing bigsmiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.可知，同学们觉得他的报告非常滑稽。.Why was the author confused about the task?A.He was unf

10、amiliar with American history.【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第二段第四句 Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before.可知，作者对美国历史不熟悉。62.The underlined word aburning in Para.3 probably means .A.annoyedB.ashamedC.ready D.eager【解析】选Do词义猜测题。由上文可知，作者很困惑，不知道同学们和

11、老师为什么会有那样 的反应，所以当他坐回座位上时，非常渴望知道自己哪儿做错了。annoyed苦恼的；ashamed羞愧的;ready乐意的;eager渴望的。63.In the end,the author turned things around.A.by redoing his taskB.through his own effortsC.with the help of his grandfatherD.under the guidance of his headmaster【解析】 选B。推理判断题。由最后一段可知 ，在学年开始时，校长曾通知作者要留级，但经 过作者十个月的全身心地努力

12、学习之后，校长与作者又有了截然不同的谈话。由此可知，作者通过自身的努力扭转了形势。【长难句分析】As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that therewere two people bearing the same name who looked completely different!分析：本句是个复合句。as引导的是时间状语从句;it为形式主语，that引导的是主语从句； 在that引导的主语从句中，还有一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。译文：当我搜这个家伙的名字时，很显然有两个人的名字一样，

13、而这两个人看起来是截然不同 的。Passage 2 （2012 湖北卷 B）When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days.11 goes like this:You can t take any means of transportation more than once.We would start from home,walking two blocks to the rail station.We d take the traininto the city center,then

14、 a bus,switching to the tram,then maybe a taxi.We always considered taki ng a horse carriage in the historic district,but we didn t like the way the horses were treated,so we never did.At the end of the day,we took the subway to our closest station,where Mom s friend was waiting to give us a ride ho

15、me our first car ride of the day.The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around.She was born to be multimodal（ 多方式的）.She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence the product of a childhood n

16、ot spent exploring subway tunnels.Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform,nothing is frightening anymore.New cities are just light-rail lines to be explored.And your personal car,if you have one,becomes just one more tool in the toolbox an

17、d often an inadequate one,limiting both your mobility and your wallet.On Transportation Days,we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy,but the transportation was the point.First,it was exciting enough towatch the world speed by from the train window.As I got older,my momhel

18、ped meunlock the mysteries that would otherwisehave paralyzed my first attempts to do itmyself:How do I know where to get off?How do I know how much it costs?How do I know when I need tickets,and where to get them?What track,what line,which direction,where s the stop,and will I get wet when we go un

19、der the river?I m writing this right now on an airplane,a means we didn t try on ourTransportation Days and,we now know,the dirtiest and most polluting of them all.My flight routed me through Philadelphia.My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport.She took a train to meet me.【文章大意】在我们小的时候，妈妈

20、经常带我们进行Transportation Days ”,即在一次旅程中任何交通工具的使用都不能超过一次。我们从中获益甚多。Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days?Having a car ride.Taking the train twice.Buying more than one toy.Touring the historic district.【解析】 选Bo细节理解题。文章第二段第一句It goes like this: You can t take anymeans of transportation more than

21、 once. 可知，任何交通工具的使用者B不能超过次。所 以正确选项为B。According to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days?Building confidence in herself.Reducing her use of private cars.Developing her sense of direction.Giving her knowledge about vehicles.【解析】 选Ao细节理解题。由文章第三段内容可知Transportation Days的益处不

22、仅仅是教会我们怎样四处游逛，更重要的是妈妈认为只依靠轿车这一种交通工具会造成孩子想像力 和自信的丧失。由此可知正确选项为Ao.The underlined word “paralyzed ” (in Para.5) is closest in meaning to ”.A.displayed B.justified C.ignoredD.ruined【解析】选 D。词义猜测题。根据语境 As I got older, my momhelped meunlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts

23、 to do it myself.可知选 Dodisplay 陈列，展示;justify 证明合法;ignore 忽视;ruin 毁坏。. Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of?A.Airplane. B.Subway. C.Tram. D. Car.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由文中最后一段中I m writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn t try on our Transportation Days and, we now

24、 know, the dirtiestand most polluting of them all. 可知，作者认为飞机是目前所知道的最脏的，也是所有的交通工具中最具污染的一种交通方式，进一步推知在airplane,subway,tram 和car中作者很可能不赞成乘坐的交通工具应该是airplane 。【长难句分析】At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, whereMom s friend was waiting to give us a ride home our first car ride of

25、 the day.分析： 句中 where Mom s friend was waiting to give us a ride home our first carride of the day, 是由where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词station;其中破折号起进一步解释说明的作用。译文：在这一天结束的时候，我们乘坐地铁到达最近的车站，在那里妈妈的朋友等着开车送我 们回家一一这是我们一天中第一次坐上轿车。Passage 3 （2012 湖北卷 C）It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland s ol

26、destuniversity which helped start a revolution in higher education.A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers.Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873,the sevendocument,which urged the university to a

27、llow women to study medicine at the institution,was released yesterday on International Women s Day.The document was discovered buried in the university archives（ 档案）by part-time history student Lis Smith,who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research.She said:We k

28、new that Sophia Jex -Blake and hersupporters,in their effort to open up university medical education for women,had written to the Senatus Academicus（校评议委员会）at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there,but we didn t know documentary evidence existed.While searching the archi

29、ves for information about the university s higher certificate for women,I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex- Blake wrote.”In the letter,Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be d

30、elivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews.Although her letter was not successful,it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews,a distance-learning degree for women.The qualification,whichran from1877 until the 1930s,gave women access to universi

31、ty education in the days before they were admitted as students.It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874.She was accepted by the University of Berne,w

32、here she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877.Eventually,she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice.【文章大意】 圣安德鲁斯大学一名学生无意中在档案中发现了一封140年前的信，为我们打开了创办女子医学院的历史大门。.Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted.A.to carry out a research project thereB.to set up a me

33、dical institute there C.to study medicine there D.to deliver lectures there【解析】 选C。细节理解题。根据文中第一段的 A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University.以及Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873.可知 Sophia Jex-Blake 写信的目的是希望得到允许在圣安德鲁斯大学学习医学。60.Lis

34、 Smith found Sophia s le tter to St Andrews University .A.by pure chanceB.in the school officeC.with her supporters helpD.while reading history books【解析】 选A。推理判断题。根据文中第二段的The document was discovered buried in theuniversity archives by part-time history student Lis Smith.及该段中的 .but wedidn t know docu

35、mentary evidence existed.可知，人们根本不知道这封信的存在，可推知发现这封信纯粹是偶然，故正确选项为Ao 61.Sophia s letter resulted in the establishment of.A.the London School of Medicine for WomenB.a degree programme for womenC.a system of medical educationD.the University of Berne【解析】 选Bo细节理解题。卞据第三段的Although her letter was not successf

36、ul, iteventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance-learning degree for women.可知那封信虽然没达到预先的目的 ，但是促成了the Ladies Literate in Arts 的成立。62. When did St Andrews University begin to take full-time women students? A. In 1873. B. In 1874. C. In 1877. D. In 1892

37、.【解析】 选Do细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句的.after womenwere admitted as fullstudents to St Andrews in 1892.可知女子可作为该校的full students 始于 1892 年。【长难句分析】 Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873, the sevendocument, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on Interna

38、tional Women s Day.分析：句中 Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873是过去分词短语作定语 ，which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词document.译文:Sophia Jex-Blake 于1873年写的那份七页的文件，在昨天国际三八妇女节这天披露 出来，该文件强烈要求允许女子在圣安德鲁斯大学学习医学。Passage 4 （2012 江苏 D）Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax （斧子）for the frozen sea inside us. ” I once shared thi

39、s sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn tseem to require any explanation.We d just finished John Steinbeck s novel Of Mice and Men .When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. Are you crying? ” o ne girl ask

40、ed, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. I am, I told her, “and the funny thing is I ve read it many times.”But they understood.When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen.In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I

41、ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods.They understand, more than I ever will, the novel s terrible logic the giving way of dreams to fate （命运）.For the last seve

42、n years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, readingclassic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight.I originally proposed this idea to myheadmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school one

43、that oftenattracts the literary- minded children of Manhattan s upper classes into a less competitive setting.The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfor table with her new classmates.I thought additionalaculturalcapital could help students like her develop better

44、in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose pare nts had earned Ph.D. s.Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth .The students didn

45、t always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said,it s about bei nga man, it s about manliness. I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth s soliloquies （ 独白 ）read as raps （ 说 唱）,but both made sense; the interpre

46、tations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck s writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that“all these people hate each other,andthey re all white. His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening.Year

47、 after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests.We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch （

48、碰撞）but for text complexity.Yet, we cannot enrich （充实）the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts.We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse.We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that

49、it belongs to them.【文章大意】文章主要讲老师教学生文学阅读的感受。老师介绍以前教学生文学阅读时对学生的情感触动，指出现在一些注重字词与测试的文学阅读教学方法不利于学生的发展。.The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to.A.realize our dreamsB.give support to our life C.smooth away difficulties D.awake our emotions【解析】选D。推理判断题。本句运用了明喻和暗喻的写作手法 ，从第一段推测难

50、度较大，根 据最后段中的 we cannot enrich the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts可知作者在之前谈到的教授文学阅读时侧重于学生的情感体验，因此可以推断出答案为D。.Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men? A.Because they spent much time reading it.B.Because they had read the novel before. C.

51、Because they came from a public school. D.Because they had similar life experiences.【解析】 选D。推理判断题。根据第三段可以推断出。.The girl left the selective high school possibly because.A.she was a literary-minded girl B.her parents were immigrants C.she couldn t fit in with her class D.her father was then in prison【解

52、析】 选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her newclassmates可知她不能适应班级。.To the author s surprise, the students read the novels.A.creativelyB.passivelyC.repeatedlyD.carelessly【解析】 选Ao推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 The students didn t always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, o ne stu

53、dent said,it s about beinga man, it s about manliness. I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth s soliloquies read as raps 可 以推断出学生进行创造性阅读，提出了一些老师自己没有想到的观点。.The author writes the passage mainly to.A.introduce classic works of literatureB.advoca

54、te teaching literature to touch the heart C.argue for equality among high school students D.defend the current testing system【解析】 选B。主旨大意题。本!据文章大意，尤其是首尾两段可以推断出作者提倡文学阅读教学应该触动学生心灵。【长难句分析】1.When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy,a star basketball player, wept a little, and so

55、did I.分析：so did I 为倒装句，表示“我也如此。译文：当我们一起在课堂上大声朗读故事的结尾时，班级里最调皮的男孩一一一个篮球明星哭了，我也哭了。2. Wemay succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.分析：that. and that. 是teach them 的并列宾语从句。译文：我们也许能够成功地提高学生的考试成绩，但是我们不能使学生明白阅读具有改造作用，阅读属于他

56、们。Passage 5（2012 -辽宁- C）If Confucius（孑L 子）were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28birthday with a big cake,there would be a lot of candles.He d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day,few people in

57、the United States will give him a passing thought.It s nothing personal.MostAmericans don t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.But this doesn t mean that Americans don t care about Confucius.In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a

58、deeper understanding of China.In the past two decades,the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.More recently,the Chinese government has set up ConfuciusInstitutes in more than 80 countries.These schools teach both Chinese language andculture.The main courses o

59、f Chinese culture usually include Chinese art,history and philosophy（哲学）.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.Students in the United States,at the same time,are racing to learn Chinese.So

60、 they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.Businessmenwho hope to make money in China are reading books aboutConfucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinker s ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than e