《国际商务英语》重点复习资料教学文案

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。国际商务英语重点复习资料-国际商务英语复习资料Lesson1Incompliancewith:inconformitytoForshort:inabbreviationPortfolio(n.):securitiesFranchise(vt.):authorizetheprivilegetosb.Lease(vt./n.):rentsth.tosb.house,long-termRoyalty(n.):ashareintheprofitmadefromintellectualpropertyAdvisa

2、ble(adj.):proper,good,wise-Itsnottomakehimangry.Accesstosth.:therighttousesth.have/gaintosth.-Onlystaffshaveaccesstothebackstage.Participate(vi.):attend,takepartininsomeactivityFlat(adj.):fixedrateBonus(n.):additionalpayment补助，津贴，分红，奖金Expertise(n.):expertadvice,professionskillsGiveriseto:causeCostpl

3、us:additionalfeetothecostVariant(n./adj.):changedfactor,differentLesson2Assess(vt.):estimatethevalueClue(n.):tiptofindoutthesolutiondividend(n.):share,surplus,bonusdistort(vt.):twistparity(n.):equationtap(vt.):developbearsth.inmind:keepthinkingofsth.haven(n.):safeplace,harborpopulous(adj.):havingala

4、rgepopulationdiversify(vt.):makesth.variousspur(vt.):stimulatecomplementary(adj.):formingasawholesuffice(vi.):beable-Tximity(n.):closenesstosth.observations(n.):result,opinionsfromobservingLesson3Witness(vt./n.):testify见证，目击Liberal+ize(vt.):makesth.free自由化Fallunder:be

5、classifiedas归类为Detour(n.):atemporaryrouteinsteadofmainroute绕路，迂回Adoption(n.):accepting采用，采纳Erode(vt.):wearaway腐蚀Autonomy(n.):self-governing自治Autonomousregionsovereignstate:independentcountry主权国家politicalentity:政治实体setthestagefor:providebasisfor为。创造条件，提供基础monumental(adj.):historic具有历史意义的landmark(adj.

6、/n.):significant具重大意义的，里程碑signatory(n.):thepartywhichsigntheagreement签约方executivebody:执行机构commissioner(n.):委员empower(vt.):authorize授权veto(vt./n.):officiallyreject否决multi-polarization:多极化tenet(n.):doctrine原则subcommittee(n.):附属委员会Lesson4Frequency(n.):numberofregularcycles频率Interactive(adj.):actingonea

7、chother互动的Value(n.):standardtoevaluate价值观Acclaim(vt.):praisepublicly欢呼，称赞Adverse(adj.):unfavorable不利的，反向的Controversial(adj.):causingdisputes引起争议的Label(vt./n.):identify命名Incorporate(vt.):unite,merge合并Purport(vt./n.):claim,mean,intention声称，意味，意图Doubledigit:两位数字的Survival(n.):幸存Embarkon:undertake从事，着手In

8、tervene(vi.):interfere干预Vehicle(n.):means途径Derivation(n.):origin起源Wield(vt.):handleeffectively支配，使用Jurisdiction(n.):authority权限Delegatepowerto:authorize,empower授权Mover(n.):impetus原动力Instrumental(adj.):servingasameans作为手段的Lesson5Define(vt.):下定义definition(n.)请给国际贸易下个定义.Pleasedefineinternationaltrade.*

9、Sth.bedefinedas:将定义为Complex(adj.):complicated复杂的antonym:simpleSelf-sufficient(adj.):自我满足的Self-confident,self-educated,self-respect,self-centered,self-aware,self-blindedantonym:insufficient/scarce/lackingUn-even(adj.):1)uniform,equal,fair平均的,平等的法律面前,人人平等.Lawisevenforeverybody.2)evennumber偶数antonym:un

10、even/oddnumberBeabundant/richinsth.:丰富新疆各种自然资源丰富.Xinjiangisabundant/richinallkindsofnaturalresources.antonym:lack/beshortof/poorinsth.:缺乏Incentive(n.):motive动机,诱因是什么动机让你来公开学院学习?whatsyourincentivetostudyinOpenCollege?i.e.:thatis(fromLatin)也就是Theremainder:therest/remaining余下的,剩下的该买的都买了,余下的钱你打算怎么处理?Wev

11、eboughtwhatwasplanedtobuy.whatreyougoingtodowiththeremainder/remainingmoney?Intermsof:在方面我们应该从投资的角度来考虑这件事情.Weshouldthinkofitintermsofinvestment.Illustrate(vt.):explainbyexample,figures,tableorpictures说明,阐明Theformer,thelatter:前者,后者英语分为英式和美式,前者历史悠久,后者应用广泛.EnglishisdividedintoBritishandAmericanstyle.Th

12、eformerhaslonghistorywhilethelatterispopular.TradeAforB=exchangeAforB:以A交换BOccur(vi.):happen发生昨晚有可怕的事情发生.Somethingterribleoccurredlastnight.*Sth.occurtosb.:comeintoonesmind想起我有主意了.Anideaoccurstome.5timeslessthan:比少五分之四,是的五分之一秘书的薪水是经理的四分之一.Secretaryssalaryis4timeslessthanmanagers.Exploit(vt.):makegoo

13、duseof利用我们应该充分利用这次机会.Weshallfullyexploitthisopportunity.Makesth.+adj.:使变得Betteroff(adj.):经济状况好的，富裕的Static(adj.):fixed,stable静态的,固定的房价保持稳定了几个月.Housepricehasremainedstaticforseveralmonths.Intuitive(adj.):直觉的,天生的犹太人是天生的生意人.Jewsareintuitivebusinessmen.Makesense:bemeaningful有意义,意思清楚现在说什么都没意义了Itmakesnosen

14、setosayanythingnow.Lesson6Capability(n.):能力fitability,dependabilityOutofsth:becauseof出于,由于Everythingparentsdofortheirkidisalloutoflove虚拟语气falseassumption-与目前现实相反的假设ifsb.didsth.,would/mightdosth.-与过去事实相反的假设ifsb.haddonesth.,would/mighthavedonesth.Meet(vt.):satisfy,fulfill迎合requirem

15、ent,condition,expectations,standardHighlight(vt./n.):emphasize,focusTakeintoaccount:allowfor,thinkaboutToaccount:takemysuggestionintoaccountTakeintoaccountsth.:takeintoaccountwhatIsaidlastnightStrategic(adj.):aboutstrategy/overallplan,essentialmaterials,weapons,attackBulky(adj.):ingreatsize大宗,体积庞大的g

16、oods大宗货物,散装货Perishable(adj.):easytogorotRosesareperishable,sotheyreusuallytransportedbyair.Protectionist(n./adj.):thepeopleorthoughtsthattendtoprotectlocaltradeist:主义者communist,socialist,capitalist,feudalist,imperialistism:主义communism,capitalism,socialism,feudalism,imperialismQuota(n.):allowedquanti

17、tyLevy(vt./n.):collect,taxonsth.levier:taxcollectorCoincidewith:beinlinewithGovernmentpolicyshouldcoincidewithpublicinterest.Refund(vt.):returnmoneyWithoutreferenceto:havingnothingtodowithVolunteerprogramisanactivitywithoutreferencetobusinessinterests.Withreferenceto:relatedtoUnilaterally(adv.):Uni:

18、singleunicorn,unicolorlateral(ly):side,partybilateral,trilateral,multilateralImpose(vt.):forcetoacceptsth.onsb.QuotasareimposedonexporterbyimporterBevulnerabletosth.:exposedtosth.Kidsarevulnerabletodisease.Pilferage(n.):thieveryagen.Spoilage,breakage,marriage,packageMerit(vt./n.):worth,deserve/advan

19、tagereward,praiseImmigrant(n.):peoplewhomoveinfromforeigncountryImmigrate(v.):moveinfromforeigncountryAntonym:emigrant:peoplewhomoveouttoforeigncountryRemittance(n.):themoneysenttoacertainplaceUndertake(vt.):commitoneselftoresponsibility,task,missionLesson7Degenerate(vt.):worsen变坏，降级Drawup:compose草拟

20、Respective(vt.):各自的Subsequent(adj.):following接下来的Interpretation(n.):oraltranslation,explanation解释，诠释Litigation(n.):suit诉讼，起诉Entail(vt.):impose使承担Revise(vt.):modify修订Unitization(n.):使成为整体Maritime(adj.):relatedtosea海洋的Short-sea:近海的Consolidate(vt.):combine,strengthen合并，巩固Render(vt.):make提供，给予Vital(adj.

21、):essential至关重要的Whereby(adv.):bywhich凭此Premises(n.):(atones)placeDisposal(n.):settlement,elimination解决，处理Departure(n.):settingout出发Quay(n.):wharf码头The13INCOTERMSOriginTermsEXW-Ex-Works,namedplacewhereshipmentisavailabletothebuyer,notloaded.Thesellerwillnotcontractforanytransportation.InternationalCa

22、rriageNOTPaidbySellerFCA-FreeCarrier,unloadedatthesellersdockORanamedplacewhereshipmentisavailabletotheinternationalcarrieroragent,notloaded.Thistermcanbeusedforanymodeoftransport.FAS-FreeAlongsideShip,namedoceanportofshipment.OceanshipmentsthatareNOTcontainerized.FOB-FreeOnBoardvessel,namedoceanpor

23、tofshipment.Thistermisusedforoceanshipmentsonlywhereitisimportantthatthegoodspasstheshipsrail.InternationalCarriagePaidbytheSellerCFR-CostandFreight,Namedoceanportofdestination.Thistermisusedforoceanshipmentsthatarenotcontainerized.CIF-Cost,InsuranceandFreight,namedoceanportofdestination.Thistermisu

24、sedforoceanshipmentsthatarenotcontainerized.CPT-CarriagePaidTo,namedplaceorportofdestination.Thistermisusedforairoroceancontainerizedandroll-onroll-offshipments.CIP-CarriageandInsurancePaidTo,namedplaceorportofdestination.Thistermisusedforairoroceancontainerizedandroll-onroll-offshipments.ArrivalAtS

25、tatedDestinationDAF-DeliveredAtFrontier,namedplaceofdestination,byland,notunloaded.Thistermisusedforanymodeoftransportationbutmustbedeliveredbyland.DES-DeliveredEx-Ship,namedportofdestination,notunloaded.Thistermisusedforoceanshipmentsonly.DEQ-DeliveredEx-Quay,namedportofdestination,unloaded,notclea

26、red.Thistermisusedforoceanshipmentsonly.DDU-DeliveredDutyUnpaid,namedplaceofdestination,notunloaded,notcleared.Thistermisusedforanymodeoftransportation.DDP-DeliveredDutyPaid,namedplaceofdestination,notunloaded,cleared.Thistermisusedforanymodeoftransportation.Lesson8Setforth:declare,startBinding:havi

27、nglegalobligationEnforceable(adj.):canbeenforced,beobligedtocarryoutSue(vt.):takelegalactionagainstsb.forsth.Giverisetosth.:causesth.tohappenTrunkcallBE:long-distancecallAEValidity(n.):legalforceIndispensable(adj.):cantbedispensed,essential-WaterisindispensabletohumanSettingup:organizationThecontrac

28、tproper:thebodyofcontractTheletterproper,thedictionaryproperLesson9Allegedly(adv.):accordingly据说地Generic(adj.):general一般的Terminology(n.):technicalterm术语Literally(adv.):wordbyword从字面看Disarray(v./n.):makeindisorder/mess混乱Conceptually(adv.):aboutconcept概念上地Stipulate(vt.):specify规定Pre-specify:stateinadv

29、ance提前说明Inessence:bynature本质上Intertemporal(adj.):notsimultaneous不同时的Betiedtosth.:berelatedto与。有关系的Intriguing(adj.):attractive有吸引力Concurrently(adv.):happeningatthesametime同时发生地Bypass(n./vt.)avoidbydetour绕开，支路Sophisticated(adj.):complex复杂的Conceal(vt.):keepfrombeingdiscovered隐藏Perpetuate(vt.):makeetern

30、al使永久Lessons10financialstatus:financialstanding,financialconditionsDebit(vt./n.):owemoney,anitemofdebtasrecordedinanaccountbalance借方余额Debitandcredit(2itemsinbalancesheet)账簿的借贷项目Debtor:Ownerofdebit借方,债务人Creditor:ownerofcredit贷方,债权人makeitdifficultforsb.todosth.thepartiesconcerned:有关方面theauthoritiescon

31、cernedthedepartmentsconcernedCreditworthiness(n.):goodcredit,creditabilityDefault(n:):Failuretofulfillduties-failtodosth.Beingabsent默认settinggo+adj.=becomeBan(vt./n.):forbid,officialordertoforbid-banned,banningsmokingsb.fromsth./fromdoingsth.Integrity(n.)Honestycompleteness:territorialAddupto:consti

32、tuteLargepopulation,lackofeducationandunevenregionaldevelopmentetc.adduptothereasonswhyChinaisundeveloped.hesitant(adj.):slowtomakedecisionbeaboutsth./todosth.Release(vt./n.):setfree,letgo,issueaprisoner,aballoon,analbumDubious(adj.):doubtful,uncertainbeabout/ofsth.titletosth.:legalrighttocontrolsth

33、.enterinto:engageinrefertoAasB:callA+BAisreferredtoasBSunYat-SenisreferredtoasFatherofChina.Forward(vt.):send,mailsth.tosb./sb.sth.customernewcatalogueHandovertosb.:release,transfertakeoverHongKongwashandedovertoChinain1997.Upononesacceptanceof:oncesb.receivessth.So/Asfarasbeconcerned:就而言SofarasIam/

34、heis/weare/theyareconcerned,favorable(adj.):advantageous,pleasingweather,impressionwithdiscretion:cautiouslyTheprojectshouldbeundertakenwithdiscretion.atonesdiscretion:uptosb.sound(adj.):ingoodcondition,completeeconomy,foundation,slapNo.Df465ExchangeforUSD89,349.20ABCCo.GuangzhouDate:051012AtXXXXXXs

35、ightofthisSecondofExchange()At30days/051112sight.PaytotheorderofBANKOFCHINA(payee)ThesumofUSDOLLARSEIGHTY-NINETHOUSANDTHREEHUNDREDANDFORTY-NINEANDTWENTYCENTSONLY.DrawnunderXYZLimitedLondonL/CNo.JK9454ToXYZLimitedLondon(drawee/payer)Signature:_(drawer)_No.DF356DrawnunderABCLimitedLondon(drawee)L/CNo.

36、AFSD4682Date:061010GuangzhouXYZCo.ExchangeforUSD563,000.20AtXXXXXX/30daysafter/051110sightofthisFIRSTofExchange(secondofexchangebeingunpaid)PaytotheorderofBANKOFCHINA(payee)ThesumofUSDOLLARSFIVEHUNDREDANDSIX-THREETHOUSANDANDTWENTYCENTSONLY.To:ABCLimitedLondon(drawee)Signature:_(drawer)(1)应载明汇票”字样(2)

37、无条件支付命令(3)一定金额(4)付款期限(5)付款地点(6)受票人，又称付款人(7)受款人(8)出票日期(9)出票地点(10)出票人签字Lesson11Conflict(vt./n.):struggle,contradictorythingsofinterestsFacilitate(vt.):makeeasier,simplify,promoteSth.facilitatesth.-Whatthemayorsaidanddidfacilitatedtheproject.-Subwayfacilitatestravelingaroundthecity.Bankerscredit:L/CCom

38、mercialcredit:collection,O/AProvided:onthenecessaryconditionthat-Theconsigneewillgetcommissionprovidedhesellsoutthegoods.Impeccable(adj.):perfect,innocentStipulate(v.):specifyinagreementorcontracttermsofpaymentBilateral(adj.):bi-:two-lateral:sideRefertosb.as:callsb.-Aisreferredto/asB.下定义：Sth.issth.+

39、定语Upon/onpresentationofsth.tosb.:oncesth.ispresentedtosb.Uponacceptanceofsth.:oncesthisacceptedInfavorofsb.:makesb.aspayee以为受款人-Theimporterdrawsacheckinfavoroftheexporter.Favorable,beneficialforsb.-Regularlifeisinfavorofhealth.Support,like-Wereinfavorofhisdecision.Advisesb.ofsth.:informsb.ofsth.Amen

40、dment(n.):correctionforarule,law,orstatementmaketosth.=amendsth.Discrepancy(n.):difference,divergence-Thererealotofdiscrepanciesbetweenthetwowitnessesconfession.Reimburse(vt.):refund-mentn.Nominate(vt.):appoint,instruct,proposeascandidatesb.for,sb.asSubmit(v.):handin,propose,giveinaplan,apaper-Never

41、submittomishap.Expire(v.):end-Hispresidencywillexpirenextmonth.Die,stopbreathingunderlie(vt.):bethebasisofsth.-ThecontractunderliestheL/C.complywith:follow,obey,agreewiththerules,thestipulationsLesson12fallunder:beclassifiedunder-Thefilefallsundertheclassified.alter(vt.):change-alternativeconsult(vt

42、.):asksb.foradvice,consultwithsb:discusswithsb.revoke(vt.):cancel,withdrawv.+ableadj.anorder,adrivinglicenseconsent(vi./n.):agree,permit,agreement(vi.)todosth.(n.)tosth.assurance(n.):confidence,guarantee,insurancegivesb.that,haveofsth.,with,life/propertyprime(adj./n.):original,excellent,superior,fir

43、stminister,time,oftheyear,ofthemoonturnover:amountofbusiness周转，成交额，贸易额capitalturnover,importturnover,annualturnovermaturity(n.):expiration,stateofbeingmature,timewhentermisduecometo,mental,ofdraftmiddleman(n,):agent,traderbetweenwholesalerandretailer经纪人，中间商tendency(n.):trend,fashionto/towardssth.ren

44、ew(vt.):extendacontract,insurance,oldfriendshipreinstate(vt.):resumethepositionsustain(vt.):suffer,maintain,withstandinjury,life,heatfailinsth.:sthhasbeendonebutnotsuccessfulfailtodosth.:sthhasnotbeendone.insolvent(adj.):unabletoclearalldebtsLessons13Conformity(n.):beingthesameto/withsth.=complyingw

45、ithsth.conformto/withsth.=complywithsth.-Conformitytofashiontakesmuchmoney.Inwithsth.-Youractionshouldinconformitywiththelaw.Bedevoidof:beshortof,belackinginLiability(n.):responsibility,obligation;debtBeboundto:bebindingfor-Exporterisboundtoshipthegoodsandprepareimpeccabledocuments.Currency(n.):mone

46、ybeingusedinacountry-USdollaristhemostfrequentlyusedcurrencyininternationaltrade.Claim(n.):askforcompensationLesson14Fundamental(adj.):significant,vital,indispensable,basic-Thecommercialinvoice,billofladingandinsurancepolicyarethefundamentaldocumentsininternationaltrade.Accessible(adj.):easytoget,ea

47、sytogetalongwithmoney,personCommon(adj.):shared,belongingtointerests,senseEnjoy+n.:havethebenefitofabigmarket,agoodreputationStringent(adj.):severe,tightlaws,budgetIntermediate(adj.):lyinginthemiddlepositionport,stageSubsequent(adj.):following,nextOffset(n./v.):balance,start-Hissharescanoffsetthedeb

48、ts.Dynamic(adj.):active,vigorousShackle(n.):fetter,limitationThrust(vt.):giveahardpushtooLimelight(n.):focusofattentionApproach(n.):awaytoreachsth.,solutiontoheaven,totheproblemShift(v.):transfer,exchange,moveLesson14TransportationCommoncarrierAcommoncarrierisanorganizationthattransportspersonsorgoo

49、ds,andoffersitsservicestothegeneralpublic.Incontrast,HYPERLINK/topic/private-carrier-1t_topprivatecarriersdonotofferaservicetothepublic,andprovidetransportonanirregularorad-hocbasis.Commoncarrierstypicallytransportpersonsorgoodsaccordingtodefinedroutesandschedules.HYPERLINK/topic/airlinet_topAirline

50、s,HYPERLINK/topic/railwayt_toprailroads,HYPERLINK/topic/bust_topbuslines,HYPERLINK/topic/cruise-ship-1t_topcruiseshipsandtruckingcompaniesmaybecommoncarriers.privatecarrierAprivatecarrierprovidestransportationordeliveryofgoodsorservicesforasingleentity,oftenacorporation;usuallythatentitysprimarybusi

51、nessisnottransportationbutrathersomethingelse.Forexample,theHYPERLINK/topic/wegmans-food-marketst_topWegmansgrocerystorechainownsandoperatestheirownprivatefleettodeliverproduceandgoodstotheirstores;Wegmansprimarybusinessisnottransportationbutgroceryretail;thereforetheWegmansfleetisaprivatecarrier.Ap

52、rivatecarrierisdistinguishedfromaHYPERLINK/topic/common-carriert_topcommoncarrierwhoseprimarybusinessisthetransportofgoods,andwhichisinbusinesstoserveanycustomersthathirethem,suchasbuses,railroads,truckingcompanies,airlinesandtaxis.Privatecarriersmayrefusetoselltheirservicesattheirowndiscretion,wher

53、eascommoncarriersmusttreatallcustomersequally.HYPERLINK/topic/amtrakt_topAmtrak（美铁）andHYPERLINK/topic/greyhound-linest_topGreyhoundLines（灰狗长途汽车）buscompanyareexamplesofcommoncarriers.Althoughestablishingandoperatingaprivatefleetisasubstantialexpense,itcaninthelongrunreducecostsifthevolumeislargeenoug

54、h.Commoncarriersrequireshipmentfromfixedpoints(forexample,Greyhoundwillnotpickyouupatyourhouse)whileprivatecarrierscansetupanypickupordropoffpointsdesired.Somecorporationsmixbothsystems,usingcommoncarrierswherepossibleandsupplementingwithprivatecarriage.Privatecarriageusuallyreferstotrucking,butisal

55、sofoundinrailandwatertransportation.ContractCarrierAcceptspeoplewhoseektransportationforthemselvesorgoodsfromoneormoreshippersunderanagreementforcompensation.ThisisincontrasttoaHYPERLINK/topic/common-carriert_topCommonCarrier,whichnormallyacceptsforshipmentvirtuallyanypersonorthing,whereasacontractc

56、arriernarrowlydefinesacceptableshipments.Consequently,acontractcarriergenerallycarriesequipmentthatisespeciallyhelpfulinservingitsuniquecustomers.JITJustInTime(JIT)isaninventorystrategyimplementedtoimprovetheHYPERLINK/topic/rate-of-return-1t_topreturnoninvestmentofaHYPERLINK/topic/businesst_topbusin

57、essbyreducingin-processHYPERLINK/topic/inventoryt_topinventoryanditsassociatedcosts.Theprocessisdrivenbyaseriesofsignals,orHYPERLINK/topic/kanbant_topKanban(HYPERLINK/topic/japanese-languaget_topJp.also看板),thattellproductionprocessestomakethenextpart.Kanbanareusuallysimplevisualsignals,suchasthepres

58、enceorabsenceofapartonashelf.JITcanleadtodramaticimprovementsinamanufacturingorganizationsHYPERLINK/topic/rate-of-return-1t_topreturnoninvestment,quality,andefficiencywhenimplementedcorrectly.NewstockisorderedwhenHYPERLINK/topic/inventoryt_topstockreachesthere-orderlevel.ThissavesHYPERLINK/topic/war

59、ehouset_topwarehousespaceandcosts.However,onedrawbackoftheJITsystemisthatthere-orderlevelisdeterminedbyhistoricalHYPERLINK/topic/supply-and-demandt_topdemand.IfdemandrisesabovethehistoricalHYPERLINK/topic/arithmetic-meant_topaverageplanningdurationdemand,thefirmcoulddepleteinventoryandcauseHYPERLINK

60、/topic/customer-servicet_topcustomerserviceissues.Tomeeta95%HYPERLINK/topic/service-rate-1t_topservicerateafirmmustcarryabout2HYPERLINK/topic/standard-deviationt_topstandarddeviationsofdemandinsafetystock.ForecastedshiftsindemandshouldbeplannedforaroundtheKanbanuntiltrendscanbeestablishedtoresetthea