林业词汇中英文

1、林业词汇中英文公司标准化编码QQX96QT-XQQB89Q8-NQQJ6Q8-MQM9N林业词汇2009-5同龄林forest consisting of even-aged stand (trans.)掠夺式经营exploitation management； high grading间歇经营、间歇经营林；间歇作业intermittent production； forest under intermittent management林分经营； 林分管理 stand management； management on a stand basis立木蓄积、立木度stocking (=d)更新作

2、业法；作业法silvicultural system稽核；照查control永续林；恒续林continuous cover forest永续林经营；永续林施业；恒续林施业 continuous cover forest management system单木作业； 单采作业； 单木施业forest management by individual trees掠夺式伐采exploitation划伐、伞伐混合作业；群状伞伐作业shelterwood group system； groupshelterwood system划伐作业；群状择伐作业group selection system； gro

3、up selectionmanagementmanaged forest经营林；施业林；生产林营林监督forest inspection森林经营计划；森林经营(学)forest management () ； forest managementplanning(neol.)森林法forest act； forest ordinance； forest law营林监督森林条例；森林法令林业政策；森林政策林业；林学林业经济；林业经济学高山林；山岳林；山地林forest inspectionforest ordinanceforest policyforestryforest economicsmo

4、untain forest大面积伞伐作业；大面积伞状天然下种法；广状伞伐更新法uniform shelterwood systemhigh forest小面积集团森林经营group management 乔林；用材林乔林作业high forest system木材需求；木材需要demand for wood木材供销；木材获得timber supply木材生产timber production； wood productiontimber assortment原木分级；材种；原木检尺木材消费wood consumption；timber consumption木材供给wood procureme

5、nt林产业；木材工业；木材加工业 timber industry； wood processing industry禁止皆伐clear fell ban；prohibition of clear cutting皆伐作业（法）clearcutting system；crearfelling system地景经营；地景施业；景观施业landscape management地景保护；景观保护landscape protection阔叶树林broadleaved forest； hardwood forest多目标（利用）林业 multiple-use management； multi-use ma

6、nagement混交林；混合林；混生林mixed woodland； mixed forest中林；矮林；萌芽林coppice with standards中林作业；矮林保残作业法 coppice with standards system； composite forestsystem； storied coppice system （UK）针叶树林近天然经营林分；近自然经营之林分managed forest天然林；自然林；自生林矮林；萌芽林矮林择伐作业；择伐矮林作业矮林作业；简单（单纯）矮林作业正规林业；正规森林经营；合法的林业人工林经营择伐作业择伐林环状划伐；带状划伐；带进孔状伞伐带状划

7、伐；带进群状伞伐作业带状伐采作业coniferous forestnear to nature forest； naturallynatural forest； indigenous forestcoppice forest；sprout forest；low forestcoppice selection systemsimple coppice systemregulated forest managementplantation managementselection system；single tree selection systemselection forest； plenter

8、-woodstrip-and-group felling ()strip-and-group felling systemstrip cutting system；strip felling system速生林作业free growth management伞伐作业法shelterwood method； shelterwood system异龄混交法；混合林；混交林 highly structured forests保残木作业；二段乔林作业；保残乔林作业high forest with reserves(system)； high forest with standards (system)

9、原始林；原生林virgin forest蓄积保育management of the growing stock森林forest育林（学）；造林；造林学silviculture森林利用（学）forest utilization； forest utilisation森林生态系forest ecosystem牧野经营；牧野管理；草原管理 pasture management ； range management再造林义务replant duty； legal obligation to replant作业级；事业区working circle森林调查专家（员）；森林调查专业人员forest inv

10、entory specialist森林经营计划之归纳及演绎计划法；森林经营（经理）之归纳及演绎法indicative and deductive forest management methods森林生长控制control of forest growth (trans.)绩效检验performance test永续林业；永续森林经营永续性；保续；永续永续作业；永续经营永续准则；永续基准永续经营调整；永续经营规整（调整）禁伐；禁伐令；禁止开发再生产超伐；过伐伐采龄树龄，林龄龄阶；龄级区分龄级结构；龄级分布；龄级构成林木界限；树限；乔木界限林业经营单元（单位）sustainable forest

11、 managementsustainablilitysustained-yield managementsustainability criteriasustained yield regulationpreservation order； exploitation banreproductionovercutting； overfellingfelling ageageage gradationage calss distributiontimber line；tree linemanagement unit林缘；林分边界stand edge；edge of a standstand sta

12、bility林分安全性（稳定性）经营安全性；低风险之森林经营；森林经营之风险回避（低危险）low-risk forest management财政轮伐期；理财的轮伐期financial rotation面积加权平均林龄；森林之加权平均林龄weighed average age of aforest（trans.）伐采方向；伐木倒向felling direction伐采周期；回归期；循环期felling cycle； cutting cycle次序；优先级；顺序order天然林演替相；天然林演替阶段；天然林之发育过程（阶段）development phases of（natural） fores

13、ts森林经营计划期；计划期间；作业计划期planning period； forestmanagement period；working plan period择伐作业体系；择伐作业forest selection system生产期；生产时间；生产性作业时间production time； productive timespatial order林缘保护；林分边缘保护edge protection 空间次序；收获地域（地点）顺序林缘（缘条）；境界edge； border伐采顺序（序列）cutting sequence； felling sequence伐米顺序规划；伐米序列cutting o

14、rder； felling order伐采管理harvest management伐采序列felling series经营计划起始日； 经营计划之开始日 starting date of a management plan （trans.）生态稳定性ecological stability工艺轮伐期technical rotation林衣；林套forest mantle收获周期；回归年（期）harvesting cycle；cutting cycle轮伐期rotation；rotation length最大材积收获轮伐期；材积收获最多之轮伐期rotation of maximum volume

15、 production最大收益轮伐期；金钱总收益最高之轮伐期rotation of maximum cash flow；maximum cash flow rotation最大土地净收益轮伐期；土地纯收益最高之轮伐期rotation of maximum soil rent最大森林净收益轮伐期；森林纯收益最高之轮伐期rotation of maximum income；rotation of the highest net income伐期龄；轮伐期rotation age更新级regeneration class更新期regeneration interval； regeneration p

16、eriod预测forecast； prognosis； prediction森林覆盖率；森林占有率；森林率percent forest cover森林结构；森林构造forest structure； forest composition森林界限；树木界限forest boundary； forest limit抗风力；暴风抗力；耐风力；风阻力windthrow resistance； wind resistance； windfirmness森林经营单元；森林经营单位forest management unit经济伐期economic maturity收获时序；收获次序temporal ord

17、er时间序列time series时间序列分析；时序分析time series analysis收获表yield table理想立木度；法正蓄积；理想蓄积normal stocking理想蓄积growing stock； ideal standing volume地方收获表local yield table材积收获volumetric yield法正龄级分布normal (ideal) age classdistribution法正蓄积normal growing stocknormal forest法正林；理想林；正规林法正林模式；理想林模式normal forest model； idea

18、l forest model现实林actual forest (trans.)材种别收获表；利用材积收获表assortment yield table材种别收获表assortment table法正计算上之裸地；理论上之无立木地；理论上之未立木地theoreticalclearfell area林况forest condition目标蓄积target growing stock目标林target forest (trans.)生长表increment tableintermediate yield间伐(疏伐)收获；中间收获所有权型；财产归属types of ownership土地利用型；土地利

19、用分类land-use classification地块；林分；土地区分parcel； land parcel森林使用权forest right； right of forest use；(forest privilege)森林企业；林业企业；森林事业体forest enterprise森林所有权；森林地产forest estate森林所有权分割； 森林所有之分割 forest fragmentation； fragmentation of forest holdings非生产林；保护林non-productive forest (trans.)保安林protected forest (=d)

20、游憩地；森林游憩林；森林游乐林recreational forest小面积林丛；灌丛；萌生(芽)林；矮林copse教学林；展示林；实验林；试验林 demonstration forest； instruction forest； training forest；university forest未经营林；未施业林unmanaged forest森林公园forest park； park forest森林保护法案；保安林之划定forest protection act森林功能；森林机能；森林利用 forest use；forest land use；forset function森林功能分类；森

21、林机能分类forest land use class森林带；树林带forest belt； woodland belt森林步道forest nature trail； forest walk限制林；限制使用林limited use forest (trans.)保存林；预备林forest reserve； reserved forest防风林带；保护林带shelterbelt； windbreak经济林；生产林commercial forest；production forest森林公益功能；森林公益机能；森林社会效益（利益）social benefits of forests林班compar

22、tment；forest compartment林班界compartment boundary林分stand小班界；林分界sub-compartment boundary； stand boundary防火带；防火线fire break；fire line鉴界； 境界补正； 境界纠正 boundary correction； rectification of boundaries林地forest land非生产地；非林地；除地non-productive forest land林区管理处forest district苗圃nursery；tree nursery；forest nursery林区

23、；森林区forest range； range保护带；保护林(树)带；缓冲带 protection belt； protection strip； buffer strip调查单位；抽查单位survey unit；inventory unit小班sub-compartment准小班；造林地号；小班stand绝对的森林土壤；限适森林的土壤soil only suitable for forest (trans.)森林劣化、土壤劣化forest degradation土壤的；土壤因素的edaphic收获水平；生产水平yield level方位；a坡向；斜面方向aspect；direction of

24、 slope霜孔；易受霜害地frost hollow倾斜角；坡度（降）；梯度gradient自然度naturalness潜在自然森林社会/植群；潜在自然植生potential natural forest community地貌；起伏度relief立地调查；生育地调查；地况调查；土地测绘site survey； site mapping； siteapparaisal；site apparaisement立地描述，生育地描述；土地描述；地况记载site description； destription of site地位指数；土地指数；地位指标site index立地因子，生育地因子site

25、factor立地型；生育地型；地位型site type森林生物生态空间调查；森林小区测绘forest biotope mapping森林土壤forest soil森林区；森林地带forest region森林社会；森林生态体系forest community；forest association森林荒芜；森林破坏生长区；生长区域生长区域；生长范围；森林带良木尖削度；尖梢；梢杀林龄查定；林龄调查枝条材；枝材枝条性无节尖削系数；尖削度；尖削指数树木；乔木树种树高树木形数树木材积forest destructiongrowth regiongrowth zonecull； reject； cull

26、woodhigh taperage determinationbranchwoodbranchinessknot-freetaper coefficienttreepecies； tree speciestree heighttree form factortotal tree volume树型级tree class测树mensuration林木材积式； 干材积式 tree volume equation； volume equation； tariff number胸高breast height .)可利用材；成材；可利及费材（材积）merchantable timber volume可利用

27、材积形数；材积形数timber form factor肥大生长；直径生长diamemter growth尖削；直径递减taper直径级；直径阶diameter calss直径生长（量）；肥大生长diameter increment；diameter growth定期平均生长量periodic average increment材积表(uniform) tariff晋级生长ingrowth精英树；菁英树；特优树 elite tree；champion tree剥皮去皮材积；收获实材积peeling； bark removal； debarking； barkingcubic meter unde

28、r bark (m3u. b.)收获损失harvest loss； harvest waste连皮材积(fm)；含皮材积；实积立方公尺cubic meter over bark (.)形状高； 树形高 form height； volume/basal area ratio； tree form height形状高生长；树形高生长form height increment形率；形商；直径率form quotient形数；形状系数form factor (f)胸高断面积basal area (b. a.)胸高断面积表；断面积表；圆面积表table of basal areas； basal-ar

29、ea table； table of sectional areas树干解析stem analysis树高生长height growth年轮解析analysis of annual rings； tree ring analysis年轮；生长轮growth ring； annual ring轮尺callipers； caliper直径测定diamter measurement最小测量径级；测径界限；直径界限minimum dbh (by inventory)树冠crown树冠（林冠）结构；树冠构造树冠直径；冠径树冠级材积轮尺阔叶树期间生长量；当年生长量连年生长量原木检尺；伐木检尺（测定）常设标

30、志；测标测定位置中央直径中央周围；中央圆周母树针叶树crown structruecrown widthcrown classvolumetric callipersbroadleaved tree； hardwood treecurrent incrementcurrent annual incrementmeasurement of felled timbermeasurement markmeasurement locationmid-diametermid-girthmother treeconifer； softwood tree定期生长量periodic increment精英树；

31、优型树；选留树 plus tree； selected tree暴长木；暴露木wolf tree层积立方公尺cubic meter stacked自记轮尺；电子轮尺recording cal(l)iper(s)皮材率；树皮率bark deduction； bark allowance； bark factor树皮厚度计；树皮计；树皮测定器bark gauge原木log树干；干材；主干stem；trunk；bole树干形质stem quality树干级；树型级stem quality class树干形数stem form factor形状比height-dbh ratio区分求积volune m

32、easurement by sections原木分等；材种分等log grading；grading of logs；grading of stems树干；主干stem树干长stem length；timber length萌芽；萌条；萌案coppice shoot； stool shoot； sucker； sprout简化材积表保留木；保存木；保残木胸高圆周长；胸高周围长连皮圆周长；连皮周围长去皮圆周长；无皮周围长周围生长量；圆周生长量可利用最小直径；最小利用直径活力；生长力每木调查材积材积收获材积表tariffreserving of standardsgirth breast heig

33、ht (gbh)girth over barkgirth under barkgirth incrementdiameter limitvitalitycomplete enumerationtimber volumevolume yield； volume productionvolume table；log rule材积生长(量)volume increment生长参数； 测定要素growth parameters； increment parameters生长率；成长率；生长速率growth percent； increment percent价值成长value increment树梢；

34、梢生长活力；生长潜力生长形；生长型；生育型末端直径；末口直径；末径主林木；主伐木；收获树容许误差增长量；生长（量）；增量生长锥增长系数；生长率；生长系数受压木；中庸木株距；株距值平均年生长量；龄级平均增长量topvigourgrowth formtop (end) diameter； small end diameterfinal crop tree；future tree；crop treeallowanceincrementincrement borerincrement coefficientintermediate treetree spacingmean annual increme

35、nt树高生长曲线 height curve； height development curve； height age curve人工新造林地；次生幼龄林establishment算术平均树高arithmetic mean height人工幼龄林；人造幼龄林pre-thicket母树林；选留木林分；特优母树林elite stand； selected stand； selected crop树种混淆；混淆species mixture； mixture杆材木；老龄林pole size timber树层；乔木层tree layer立木株数；株数；立木数number of stems建造期；成林期

36、间establishment period树冠被覆；林冠披覆cover； crown cover； canopy cover林分密度stand density林分发育；林分生育期（阶段）stand development； development of a stand林分形数stand form factor林分胸高断面积；林分胸高断面积合计stand basal area林内孔隙；林隙；林分未遮蔽率clearing林分剖面；林分断面图stand profile；cross-section of a stand算术平均直径arithmetic mean diameterstand蓄积结构；蓄积

37、构造growing stock structure立木度；林分密度指数stand density index地位级；立地位级site class可利用材积生长量；利用材积生长量merchantable timber increment断面积中央木直径；中央断面积直径median dbhthicket郁闭期；丛林；壮龄林断面积平均木直径quadratic mean diameter；diameter of mean basal area tree平均总生长量；总平均生长量mean gross increment标准树高曲线standard height curve单层林single-storie

38、d stand冰霜害ice damage主伐林分；主伐木；主伐收获final crop40%百分位胸径；40%规则的平均胸径mean dbh according to the 40% rule直径分布diameter distributionfiller暂植木；补植木总收获材积total volume； total yield郁闭林分；最大蓄积林分fully stocked stand同龄林；同龄林分even-aged stand均质林分；一齐林；均匀林分；同形林；同质林uniform stand树群； 群group； group of trees伐期平均生长量final mean annua

39、l increment；average yield class主要树种main tree species主林分；主林木；主伐木 main crop；principal crop；main stand；principal stand优势木dominant crop次要树种；副树种；补助的混交树种；经济价值少的树种nurse species； auxiliaryspecies；accessory species断面积平均木树高height of mean basal area tree； mean height断面积中央木树高median height40%百分位树高；40%规则的树高height

40、 according to the 40% rule林分水平结构；林分水平构造horizontal stand structure团；灌木；树丛未成熟材；未熟材幼龄生长；幼龄林；丛状林每木调查表；调查表；检尺簿；野帐;胸高断面积平均木；断面积平均木冠层；林冠；树冠树冠竞争；树冠竞合树冠层；林冠层树冠郁闭度；林冠密度灌丛；树形不良林分；矮林；灌木林连年总平均年生长量；连年生长量复层林混合（交）树种林分平均胸高直径；林木平均直径see groupjuvenile woodthicket明细表 tally sheet； measurement listmean basal area treecano

41、pycrown competitioncrown layercrown closure；crown coverscrub (stand)total mean incrementmulti-storied standassociated speciesmean diameter；average diameter林分平均树高average height；stand height平均树高Lorey s mean heightmean tree中央木；平均木天然修枝；天然落枝；自行修枝 natural pruning； self pruning次要树种；副树种；从属种secondary species

42、； subordinates pecies附属林分secondary crop上层树高；上木高度top height；height of dominant trees强势木生产力；生产力指数；地位指数productivity index上层overstor(e)y； uppermost layer； upper stor(e)y上层木overwood； upper crop先驱树种pioneer species；pioneer形质生长（量）quality increment； increase in quality成熟林mature stand纯林pure stand；pure crop采运损

43、伤；出材损伤extraction damage采种林；母树林seed stand；parent stand损害；疵伤；损伤defect；damage树（林）冠疏密度canopy density雪害snow damage株距；干距tree spacing； spacing（between trees） ； espacement立木位置图；直径分布；胸径分布；树十分布；林木分布dbh distribution立地稳定性；立地强度中龄林；杆材；小径木（林）风害枯死木小群过熟林分；老龄过熟林分（木）异龄林不规则林；不整齐林下层林；下层植生；下木留存木；主林木试验地；试验区；试区stability of

44、 standpole stage； pole cropwind damage；storm damagedead treessee groupovermature standuneven-aged standirregular standunderstor(e)y；underwood；undergrowthmain crop after thinning；residual standexperimental site； experimental area林分垂直结构；林分垂直构造 vertical stand structure主要树种main species； principal specie

45、sgrowing stock立木蓄积；林木蓄积生长函数growth function指标林分index stand； indicator stand； control stand兽害；鹿伤害；动物危害tree damage caused by forest fauna (trans.)林分成长龄级；林分成长级数；自然的龄级stand development classgrowing sapce生长空间；生育空间中央木平均生长；增长量中央木；平均生长木mean growth tree生长率；增长百分比；成长率increment percent；growth percent二层林；二段林two-s

46、toried取样率sampling intensity；sampling fraction；sampling rate必要样本数；最少样本数 required sample size调查；定期抽样调查inventory遥测；遥感探测remote sensing定期调查；追踪调查periodic inventory集团取样法cluster sampling分层取样；分层取出之样本stratified sample概估；粗略估计断面积调整；断面积规整测高器测树学森林调查；森林清查森林调查设计森林调查方法；森林清查方法水平样线法（直线样品）列表样品；3P样品；列表取样航空照片判释空中摄影测量aeri

47、al photoinventory； aerial surveyrough estimate； raw estimatebasal area regulationheight metermensuration；dendrometryinventory；forest inventory；forest surveyinventory designinventory methodline-plot survey； line-plot； strip surveylist samplingaerial photo interpretation（graphic） survey； aerial photo

48、（graphic）空中三角测量aerial photo triangulation材积调查；蓄积推定volume determination；（standing）timberdetermination； growing stock determination数理统计学的样本分析statistical analysis of inventory dataorthophoto (graph)目视估计立木材积 volume estimation by sight； ocular volume estimation正射投影图（照片）；正射图定期调查；多相取样法multiphase sampling永久

49、样区；连续森林调查法continuous forest inventory with permanent samples样区；标准地sample plot样区调查法inventory by sample plots机率比例取样法 proportional sampling； probability proportional to size (pps)林分断面积调查仪；林分面积调查仪 (relascope) relascope； relascop测高法；形数测高法Presslers method of height determination林分株数调查enumeration；tally样本sa

50、mple圆形样区法sampling using a range of fixed radius plots固定面积样区法；样本地法fixed area samplingsampling变动面积样 区法；变动样区法；可变半径样区法sampling using variable radius plots取样；抽样取样单元；抽样单位；取样单位sampling unit取样误差；样本误差sampling error取样法；取样调查法sampling methods取样数sample number； sample size； size of a sample样本分布sampling unit distr

51、ibution分层；层次stratification层；层聚stratum / strata系统取样；系统抽样法systematic sampling系统误差systematic error林分特性估测standestimation；estimation of stand characteristics估测法appraisal method连续森林调查的临时样本;连续的森林调查；变换样本的暂时样本continuous forestinventory with changingsamples (trans.)材积计算volume calculation； volume measurement先驱

52、调查；预备调查pilot survey；pilot inventory蓄积调查inventory of growing stock永久样区森林调查；连续森林调查 continuous forest inventory生长量研究（试验）；生长量调查increment study经营记帐单位；经营计划单位；记帐单位management planning unit伐采量；伐采收获felling volume； felling yield生产材明细表；生产材目录；堆积材明细表product summary (trans.)年伐量执行稽核；实行照查（稽核）control of prescriptions

53、森林绩效检定；稽核簿；经营簿（监控）controlof forest development (trans.)经营簿；作业稽核；稽核簿controlof operation； work tracking木材生产稽核；照查；稽核control of forest production (trans.)经营计划检订；施业计划检订management plan revision；working plan revision检尺timber scaling； scaling of felled timber经营计划的执行plan of operations森林稽查；森林踏查forest inspecto

54、rate经营计划期中检订；施业计划期中检定management plan revision经营计划；森林经理计划operational (forest) planningannual cut；annual yield经营目标；施业目的；经营目的management objective经营目标类型；施业（经营）目的type of management objective经营计划手册；经营规定（指令）；计划手册management prescriptions；management instructions； management regulationstheory of soil rent土地纯益

55、论；土地纯收益说林分经营计划；森林经营细部计划；林分经营计划stand management planning总收获量total yield坑木minig timber； pit wood主分类、木材主要等级main assortment；main category副产物 accessory product； by-product； minor product； minor produce操作性的operational抚育目标；保育目的tending objective森林经营中期计划forest management planning生产目标（目的）production target原木；圆

56、木round timber；round wood制材原木（圆木）；用材sawlogsawlog stage大径木；制材用材作业类转换；林相改良；作业种转换（变更）conversion林相变更；作业转换（变更）transformation更新目标（目的）regeneration target生长加速；生长（率）增加growth acceleration； increase in growth育林目标silvicultural objective； silvicultural goal森林纯利论；森林纯利理论（说）theory of forest rent(al)林经营，森林管理managemen

57、t森林经营目标(目的) forest management objective；management objective目标直径（理想直径）target diameter目标函数objective function生长加速；生长量增加increase in growth rate林型stand type； crop type土壤改良soil improvement生产计划production planning；planning of production造林；植林afforestation；forestation补植filling in； beating up； reinforcement p

58、lanting； filling of blanks树种更替；树种变换（更）change of species； transformation林分建造； 造林、育林 establishment (of a stand) ； stand establishment； cropestablishment裸露地；未立木地；无立地木；空林地clearing； unstocked area土壤翻松；搅土；翻松；松土scarification补植林（在过去未植林地）；补充造林；替代造林compensatory planting造林失败地；无立木地blank；failure森林植物；森林苗木forest p

59、lants；planting stock群状栽植；群状造林；块植group planting；block planting产地证明（书）；产地认证certificate of origin人工更新artificial regeneration造林计划；栽植计划 planting plan； afforestation plan； establishment plan果实mast补植replacement planting种苗认证；种子认证；植物认证；种子保证单certification of plants；certification of seed；certification of plant

60、ing造林；栽植plantation栽植距离；栽植间隔；植树间隔 planting sapce； planting distance； spacing ofplants； espacement择伐更新regeneration in the selection system纯林；单一栽培monoculture伐区；作业现场 cutting area；felling area；logging area；logging site整地；生育地整治 site preparation； clearing of the felling area； site clearing休闲期reforestation