电子商务英文课件：ch18 Building E-Commerce Applications And Infrastructure

1、Chapter 18Building E-Commerce Applications And InfrastructureCopyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallLearning Objectives Discuss the major steps in developing an EC system.Describe the major EC development strategies and list their major advantages and disadvantages.List th

2、e various EC application development methods along with their benefits and limitations.Discuss various EC application outsourcing options, including application service providers (ASPs), software as a service (SaaS), and utility computing.Discuss the major EC software packages and EC application sui

3、tes.18-1Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallLearning Objectives Discuss the value and technical foundation of Web Services and Web 2.0.Understand service-oriented architecture (SOA) and virtualization and their relationship to EC application development.Describe the cri

4、teria used in selecting software vendors and packages.Describe various methods for connecting an EC application to back-end systems and databases.Understand the value and uses of EC application log files.Discuss the importance of usage analysis and site management.18-2Copyright 2010 Pearson Educatio

5、n, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallA Five-Step Approach to Developing an E-Commerce SystemOnce it has been determined that a business can benefit from an online presence, the business type, the product line, the businesss organization, and the budget dictate what functionality the Webstore should ha

6、ve and how the Web site should be developed18-3Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall18-4Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall18-5Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallA Five-Step Approach to Developing an E-Commerc

7、e SystemThe traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) systematically leads developers through six analysis and design stages: Problem identificationAnalysisLogical designPhysical design ImplementationMaintenance18-6Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall18-7Copyrig

8、ht 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall18-8Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallA Five-Step Approach to Developing an E-Commerce SystemSTEP 1: IDENTIFYING, JUSTIFYING, AND PLANNING EC SYSTEMSSTEP 2: CREATING AN EC ARCHITECTUREEC architectureA plan for

9、 organizing the underlying infrastructure and applications of a sitescalabilityHow big a system can grow in various dimensions to provide more service; measured by total number of users, number of simultaneous users, or transaction volume18-9Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prent

10、ice HallA Five-Step Approach to Developing an E-Commerce SystemSTEP 3: SELECTING A DEVELOPMENT OPTIONBuild the system in-houseHave a vendor build a customized systemBuy an existing application and install itLease standard software from an application service provider (ASP), lease as a service (SaaS)

11、, or lease via utility computingEnter into a partnership or alliance Join a third-party e-marketplace or an exchangeUse a combination of approaches18-10Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallA Five-Step Approach to Developing an E-Commerce SystemSTEP 4: INSTALLING, TESTING

12、, INTEGRATING, AND DEPLOYING EC APPLICATIONSunit testingTesting application software modules one at a timeintegration testingTesting the combination of application modules acting in concertusability testingTesting the quality of the users experience when interacting with a Web siteacceptance testing

13、Determining whether a Web site meets the original business objectives and visionSTEP 5: OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE, AND UPDATES18-11Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallA Five-Step Approach to Developing an E-Commerce SystemMANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESSThe development pr

14、ocess can be fairly complex and must be managed properlyFor medium-to-large applications, a project team is usually created to manage the process and the vendorsCollaboration with business partners also is criticalThree basic options for developing an EC Web site:Develop the site in-houseBuy a packa

15、ged applicationLease the application18-12Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallDevelopment Strategies for E-Commerce Major ApplicationsIN-HOUSE DEVELOPMENT: INSOURCINGinsourcingIn-house development of applicationsreusabilityThe likelihood a segment of source code can be u

16、sed again to add new functionalities with slight or no modificationinteroperabilityConnecting people, data, and diverse systems; the term can be defined in a technical way or in a broad way, taking into account social, political, and organizational factors18-13Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

17、Publishing as Prentice HallDevelopment Strategies for E-Commerce Major ApplicationsInsourcing OptionsBuild from scratchBuild from componentsenterprise application integration (EAI)Class of software that integrates large systemsBUY THE APPLICATIONS (OFF-THE-SHELF APPROACH)turnkey approachReady to use

18、 without further assembly or testing; supplied in a state that is ready to turn on and operate18-14Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallDevelopment Strategies for E-Commerce Major ApplicationsOUTSOURCING/LEASING EC APPLICATIONSoutsourcingA method of transferring the mana

19、gement and/or day-to-day execution of an entire business function to a third-party service providerOutsourcing OptionsSoftware housesOutsourcers and othersTelecommunications companies18-15Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallSelecting a Development MethodSOFTWARE ON DEMA

20、NDutility (on-demand) computingUnlimited computing power and storage capacity that can be used and reallocated for any applicationand billed on a pay-per-use basis18-16Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallSelecting a Development Methodpolicy-based service-level managemen

21、t toolsCoordinate, monitor, and report on the ways in which multiple infrastructure components come together to deliver a business servicepolicy-based resource management tools Automate and standardize all types of IT management best practices, from initial configuration to ongoing fault management

22、and asset trackingvirtualization toolsEnable server, storage, and network resources to be deployed and managed as giant pools and seamlessly changed as needs change18-17Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall18-18Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentic

23、e HallSelecting a Development Methodapplication service provider (ASP)A company that provides business applications to users for a small monthly feesoftware as a service (SaaS)A model of software delivery where the software company provides maintenance, daily technical operation, and support for the

24、 software provided to their client. SaaS is a model of software delivery rather than a market segment18-19Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallSelecting a Development MethodINTEGRATING WITH WEB SERVICES AND SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURETechnologies have made integration

25、a difficult task for a number of reasons:Platform-specific objectsDynamic environmentSecurity barriersA universal standard has emerged to assist the process of integration18-20Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallSelecting a Development MethodWeb ServicesSelf-contained,

26、self-describing business and consumer modular applications, delivered over the Internet that users can select and combine through almost any device, ranging from personal computers to mobile phonesWeb 2.0Web Services that emphasize online collaboration and information sharing among users18-21Copyrig

27、ht 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallSelecting a Development Methodservice-oriented architecture (SOA)An application architecture in which executable components, such as Web Services, can be invoked and executed by client programs based on business rulesWeb-oriented architectur

28、e (WOA)A set of Web protocols (e.g., HTTP and plain XML) as the most dynamic, scalable, and interoperable Web Service approachRepresentational State Transfer (REST)Refers to a collection of architectural principles18-22Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallSelecting a Dev

29、elopment MethodmashupCombination of two or more Web sites into a single Web site that provides the content of both sites (whole or partial) to deliver a novel product to consumerswidgetA Web page feature or a small Web toolbox often designed on top of Web applications18-23Copyright 2010 Pearson Educ

30、ation, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallSelecting a Development MethodIf a company decides to buy or lease an EC application, the following representative selection criteria need to be considered:FlexibilityInformation requirementsUser friendlinessHardware and software resourcesInstallationMaintenanc

31、e services18-24Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallSelecting a Development MethodVendor quality and track recordEstimating costsPersonnelTechnological evolutionScalingSizingPerformancelatencyThe time required to complete an operation, such as downloading a Web page18-25

32、Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallSelecting a Development MethodthroughputThe number of operations completed in a given period of time; indicates the number of users that a system can handleReliabilitySecurity18-26Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as P

33、rentice HallTechnology Support: From Blogger.Com to Infrastructure ServicesAjaxA Web development technique for creating interactive Web applicationsReally Simple Syndication (RSS)A family of Web-feed formats used to publish frequently updated digital contentAtomRSS Internet standard created by the I

34、nternet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and formally known as the Atom Syndication Format18-27Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallTechnology Support: From Blogger.Com to Infrastructure ServicesSOFTWARE TO SUPPORT SOCIAL NETWORKS, BLOGS, AND WIKISsocial softwareA software

35、product that enables people to rendezvous, connect, and collaborate through computer-mediated communicationPersonalization Tools: From My Yahoo! to Netvibessocial bookmarkingA Web Service for sharing Internet bookmarks. It is a popular way to store, classify, share, and search links through folksono

36、my techniques on the Internet and intranets18-28Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall18-29Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallTechnology Support: From Blogger.Com to Infrastructure ServicesFILE-SHARING TOOLSMobile Phones and Social NetworksS

37、UPPORTING WEB 2.0 IN THE ENTERPRISESupport for Enterprise Wikis and BlogsSoftware to Support Viral Marketingviral videoVideo clip that gains widespread popularity through the process of Internet sharing, typically through e-mail or IM messages, blogs, and other media-sharing Web sites18-30Copyright

38、2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallTechnology Support: From Blogger.Com to Infrastructure ServicesFUNCTIONAL SOFTWARE PACKAGESelectronic catalogThe virtual-world equivalent of a traditional product catalog; contains product descriptions and photos, along with information about v

39、arious promotions, discounts, payment methods, and methods of deliverymerchant server softwareSoftware for selling over the Internet that enables companies to establish selling sites relatively easily and inexpensively18-31Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall18-32Copyri

40、ght 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallTechnology Support: From Blogger.Com to Infrastructure ServicesEC suiteA type of merchant server software that consists of an integrated collection of a large number of EC tools and components that work together for EC applications developm

41、ent18-33Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallTechnology Support: From Blogger.Com to Infrastructure ServicesWHERE IS WEB 2.0 SOFTWARE GOING?INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESvirtualizationA technique for hiding the physical characteristics of computing resources from the way in whi

42、ch other systems, applications, or end users interact with those resourcescloud computingInternet (cloud)based development coupled with the use of computer technology (computing)18-34Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall18-35Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publish

43、ing as Prentice HallVendor and Software SelectionSTEP 1: IDENTIFY POTENTIAL VENDORSSTEP 2: DETERMINE THE EVALUATION CRITERIArequest for proposal (RFP)Notice sent to potential vendors inviting them to submit a proposal describing their software package and how it would meet the companys needs18-36Cop

44、yright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallVendor and Software SelectionSTEP 3: EVALUATE VENDORS AND PACKAGESSTEP 4: CHOOSE THE VENDOR AND PACKAGESTEP 5: NEGOTIATE A CONTRACTSTEP 6: ESTABLISH A SERVICE-LEVEL AGREEMENTservice-level agreement (SLA)A formal agreement regarding the division of work between a company and a v