笔译正反翻译法

1、英汉翻译中的正反表达法定义 在英汉互译过程中，由于两种语言表达习惯不同，往往需要把英语中的正说译成汉语中的反说，把英语中的反说译成汉语中的正说，这样才能确切表达原意并符合语言的规范。这种把正说处理为反说，把反说处理为正说的译法，叫正反表达法。什么是正说和反说呢？英语词句中含有“never”，“no”，“not”，“non-”，“un-”，“im-”，“in-”，“ir-”，“-less”等成分以及汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“毋”、“勿”等成分的为反说，不含有这些成分的为正说。Excuse me.He is above himself.

2、We cant wait to meet you.“对不起” “他自命不凡” “我们要立刻见到你”一、英译汉正说反译法-动词 少数特色动词，直译无法再现其隐含语义。1）“I have read your articlesI expect to meet an old man” 译文：“我读过你的文章，没想到你这样年轻。” 2）Please remain seated while the plane is taking off译文：飞机起飞时请不要离开座位。否定性动词，其形式是肯定的，但表达的意义是否定的，如deny，refuse1）The window refuses to open.译文：窗

3、户打不开。2）Such a chance denied me.译文：我没有得到这个机会。 动词词如keep from，stop from等翻译时需处理为否定结构，当它们与否定词搭配使用时则需要译为肯定形式。 1）Children were excluded from getting in the building.译文：孩子不许进入这幢楼房。 2）Please keep the fire burning while Im out. 译文：我不在家时请别把炉子灭了。3)We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 译文：我们要永远保持

4、对生活乐观的态度。形容词 1）The light in the classroom is poor. 译文：教室里的光线不足。2）The explanation is pretty thin. 译文：这个解释站不住脚。3）He was absent from his own country last year 译文：他去年不在自己的国家。4)The future is not as you think it, its dark. 译文:前途不像你想的那样，并不是一片光明。5）The plan is far from perfect. 译文：这个计划远远不够完善。副词1）He dived int

5、o the water fully clothed and rescued the children 译文：他衣服没脱就跳入水中，把孩子救了上来。 2）I stayed awake almost the whole nightIll be here for good this time 译文：我昨夜几乎一夜没睡。我这次再也走不动了。3）We may safely say no. 译文：我们这样说万无一失。 名词1）He was extremely sorry for the shortness of time 译文：他对时间不足感到十分抱歉。2）Behave yourself during m

6、y absence. 译文：我不在时要规矩点。介词1）I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task 译文：我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。2）His answer is beside the mark.。 译文：他的回答文不对题。3）I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 译文：我有一些信件没有及时答复。4）The lecture was interesting，but as far as I am concerned the speaker was speakin

7、g over my head 译文：这讲座很有趣，但对我来说，讲座太深了，听不懂。连词及连词词组before, since, till, unless, notuntil, more than, rather than, 1）Before I could say “thank you”，the postman had disappeared around the corner 译文：我还没来得及说声“谢谢”，邮递员已经在拐角处不见了。 2）This is more than we could bear. 译文：这是我们所不能忍受的。习惯用法1） He is anything but a wri

8、ter. 译文：他决不是一个作家。2）The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war. 译文：岛民发现自己远远没有做好作战准备。3）The decision has to come. 译文：决定尚未作出。4）It is a wise father that knows his own child. 译文：无论怎样聪明的父亲也不见得了解自己的孩子。33）We will die before we give in 译文：我们宁死不屈。祈使句正说反译Keep off the grass. 译文：不要践踏草坪。Wet pai

9、nt ! 译文：油漆未干！二、英译汉反说正译法-动词1）The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations. 译文：虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。2）The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer. 译文：调查结果清楚的说明病人死于癌症。3）I only wish he was here himself，as I dont doubt he will be here at sunset tomorrow 译文：我希望他也在这里，我有把握，明天

10、太阳下山的时候，他就要来了。形容词1）The scientist must approach the familiar just as carefully and cautiously as he does the unfamiliar 译文：科学家在处理熟知的事物时，必须像处理陌生的事物一样小心谨慎。2）He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 译文：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。副词1）Everyone felt nervous that afternoon，and they all went about t

11、heir work in an unusually careful manner 译文：那天下午，大家都感到紧张，干活时特别小心谨慎。2）It is the only possession that I have not given up. 译文：这是我所保留的唯一财产。3）The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him 译文：归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心中。 介词1）The problem is not beyond our reach. 译文：这个问题我们能解决。2）The whole gun was no lon

12、ger than eight inches. 译文：整枝枪的长度只有8英寸。 习惯用法Violent video games appeared no more likely to cause loss of temper than other forms of play. 译文：含有暴力内容的电子游戏和其他形式的游戏一样，似乎都不大可能使人受挫发火。固定搭配1）You cannot praise the play too highly 译文：这出戏你怎么称赞也不过分。 2）Young scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scient

13、ific knowledge is not nearly so complete，certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply译文：现在的科学知识似乎都不像许多教科书所叙述的那样完善、那样肯定、那样一成不变，对于这种情况，年轻科学家意识到得越快越好。 3）These scientists could not believe the two Curies more 译文：这些科学家完全相信居里夫妇。 4）It will not be long before they understand the truth that study

14、hard before it is too late 译文：他们大概不久就会理解要趁早努力学习的道理。 5）She wont go away until you promise to help her . 译文：她要等你答应帮助以后才肯走。双否定译肯定1）There can be no sunshine without shadow 译文：有阳光就有阴影。2）When we read, we may visit the most beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue, inconvenience, expense. 译文:我们阅读时可遍访地球上最美丽的地方，轻松，便捷，便宜。3）Its not seldom that he plays Majiang. （= He often plays Majiang. ） 译文：他常常打麻将。部分否定Not all minerals come from mines . 译文：并非所有矿物都来自矿山。Both of the substances do not dissolve in water. 译文：不