新编英语教程6unit 4 A red light for scofflaws

1、Unit 4 A Red Light for Scofflaws 共四十四页共四十四页Outline:I. (Para. 1) The problem: millions of Americans are breaking the legal codes. Examples QuotationII. (Para. 2-4) Varieties of scofflaws Para. 2 Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. Examples Para. 3 The most immediately and measurably dangerous scoffl

2、awry is the _. Examples Statistics Para. 4 The most flagrant scofflaw is the _. Examples Quotationmost visiblered-light runner共四十四页III. (Para. 5-8) Dangers of scofflaws Para. 5 The flouting of basic rules harms society because scofflaws show no _ to the social rules and display _ for the fundamental

3、s of order. Para. 6 Today scofflawry is pervasive and represents _. Example Para. 7 The scofflawry is not only a matter of etiquette. It may lead to _. Examples respectcontemptthe elementary social demoralizationviolent crimes共四十四页Para. 8 Scofflawry at various level of society shakes the foundation

4、of U.S. law more than violent crimes do. Examples Quotations different levels: government at many levels 1. _ 2. _ 3. _IV. (Para. 9) ConclusionThe thesis: Scofflawry is extremely _ and U. S. society must do something about it.policestate legislaturesthe Administration in Washingtoninfectiousordinary

5、 citizens共四十四页What do they mean?scofflaw, scofflawry n. take to (l. 7) litter-bugs (l. 14) pot (l. 17) joint (l. 19) stitches (l. 62) skirt (l. 69) translation (l. 83)Scoff+law like people who litter in public placesmarijuana cigarette containing marijuanaon the wound avoidexplanation共四十四页Scofflaw i

6、s a noun coined during the Prohibition era meaning a person who drinks illegally. It is a compound of the words scoff and law, meaning one who mocks or ridicules the law. The meaning has since been extended to describe one who flouts any law, especially those which are difficult to enforce, and part

7、icularly traffic laws.共四十四页Translate the following phrases into English 违法者随意对待乱扔垃圾(l j)骗税非法制造噪音机动车无序理所当然的事情视觉垃圾垃圾场对熟视无睹避人耳目乱穿马路的人逃票者law-breakertake liberties withoutlaw littertax cheatingillicit noisemotorized anarchya matter of coursevisual rubbishtrash dumpsbe blind toduck out of public sightjayw

8、alkerfare beater共四十四页Translate the following phrases into English公害醉驾闯红灯违反交通规则对半的机率个别现象生命危险社会道德败坏不文明行为守法公民(gngmn)打法律的擦边球执法不力作壁上观 public nuisance drunk drivingred-light runningtraffic violation50-50 toss-up/chanceindividual instancemortal perilsocial demoralizationincivilitylaw-abiding citizenskirt t

9、he lawfail to enforce lawsit still 共四十四页Can you find more useful expressions?共四十四页Find expressions about law, crime or scofflawry, traffic violation and car. 共四十四页Laws:law-and-orderlegal codesrulesordinancesrules of the roadstatutes共四十四页Crime and scofflawry: derelictionoutlawtraffic violation law-br

10、eakerlaw-breaking culpritminor wrongmajor crimeviolent crimetransgressionnoncomplianceincivility 不文明(wnmng)行为littertax cheatingillicit noisemotorized anarchygraffitihooliganismpot-smokeruse of cocainejaywalkingspittingfare beater共四十四页 守法(shu f) abide by the law comply with the law observe the law ob

11、ey the law keep the law共四十四页 Traffic violation and cardouble parking 并排泊车(b ch)drunk drivingspeedingred-light runningrear-end 追尾stop signalsstoplight high-beam lights 远光灯windshield 挡风玻璃tail lights 尾灯dump-truck 自动卸货(xi hu)车stalled car 抛锚的汽车共四十四页Part II. (Para. 1) The problem: millions of Americans ar

12、e breaking the legal codes. Thesis statement: millios of Americans, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes. 共四十四页Part Isynonymslet alone illegalheedlesslynegligencenot to mention much lessillicitderelictionblithely共四十四页Part Itake liberties (a liberty) with: behave in a bold or impolite

13、 way towards 随意(su y)对待，放肆e.g. take liberties with ones health take great liberties with grammar The director of the play has taken too many liberties with the original novel. take the liberty to do sth.take the liberty of sth. e.g. I took the liberty of using your computer when you are away. May I

14、take the liberty of calling you ?共四十四页Part Itake to: like; start doing sth. as a habite.g. He has taken to getting up at 6 and going jogging. Hes taken to drinking. 共四十四页Part II varieties of scofflaws Para. 2 Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. Examples Para. 3 The most immediately and measurably d

15、angerous scofflawry is the most visible. Examples Statistical data Para. 4 The most flagrant scofflaw is the red-light runner. Examples Quotation共四十四页P2abound: v. be plentiful (l. 11)e.g. Rumors abound as to the reason for his resignation. Sarcasm abounds in “Fortress Besieged”. flurry: abundance, g

16、reat quantitypass around: offer flagrant: notoriousWhat does “hello, Everybody” mean? 共四十四页P2coined compound wordsthe graffiti-pronelitter-bugstwo-wheeled vehicleshigh-decibel portable radiosthe beer-soaked hooliganismmiddle- and upper-class life共四十四页P3What is the most immediately and measurably dan

17、gerous scofflaws?What dangers have they caused?共四十四页P3beater: swindler, cheatermeasurably: greatlyadd up to: result incolossal: very largeopen highway: broad highway共四十四页P4flout: treat with contemptwane: declineroulette Russian roulette 共四十四页Part III Dangers of scofflawsPara. 5 The flouting of basic

18、 rules harms society because scofflaws show no respect to the social rules and display contempt for the fundamentals of order. Para. 6 Today scofflawry is pervasive and represents the elementary social demoralization. Example Para. 7 The scofflawry is not only a matter of etiquette. It may lead to v

19、iolent crimes. ExamplesPara. 8 Scofflawry at various level of society shakes the foundation of U.S. law more than violent crimes do. Examples Quotations共四十四页P5In what way is red-light running a more serious breach of social order? they show no respect for the social rules society cannot help being h

20、armedIdea is deepened here: Scofflawry is related to social morality. Pay attention to the use of “however” in the text. How does it contribute to the coherence of the text? 共四十四页P5instance: situatione.g. He is right about most things, but in this instance, I think he was wrong. in your instance Whe

21、n the violation becomes habitual, widespread and incessant, a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved. ?when it developed into a social habit, it becomes a problem a great deal more serious than a mere traffic problem. 共四十四页P5leave a deep dent: damage (metaphor) If hypocrisy is

22、 the tribute that vice pays to virtue, then furtiveness is the true outlaws salute to the force of law-and-order. Wrongdoers, in their dealing with the virtuous, act as if they are person of good repute. A true lawbreaker in confronting the police force acts stealthily and try to conceal his crime.b

23、razen: shameless, bold-faced whatever, whatsoever: (emphasize) at all 无论(wln)什么e.g. There is no doubt whatsoever. I cant see any one whatsoever. 共四十四页P6for all their differences: no matter how different they are in formsof a piece: same to each othersymptom of elementary social demoralization: indic

24、ation that the society has been degraded morallygovern: discipline共四十四页P6What point does the writer want to make with the example of children? The scofflaw spirit is pervasive and the loss of morality is even cultivated in childhood.共四十四页P7What premonition does the write make in p.7 and 8? Scofflawr

25、y is not a matter of bad manners; it may be more powerful than violent crimes in shaking the foundation of U.S law. two warnings: Scofflawry may lead to serious crimes. Scofflawry at various level of society shakes the foundation of U.S. law (more than violent crimes). 共四十四页P7prospect: futureviolent

26、 outbreaks: violent actions against the lawitems: examples, caseshurl: throwslug: slog, hit hard with fistbatter: hit hardbolt: metal barthe Houston Freeway syndrome like a disease (metaphor) 共四十四页P8skirt: avoid; go around the edge of e.g. A path skirts around the village. His speech skirted around

27、the main issue. major instance: important exampleexhilarating: excitingunwitting: unconscious共四十四页P8government at many levels: - police - state legislatures - the Administration in Washingtonmandate: orderconstituents: voterssubvert: undermineenact: levypuny: very small, insignificanttrivialize: mak

28、einsignificanttransgression: law-breaking, violation of rules 共四十四页P8dramatize: make more obviousnullify: declare legally voidrulings: (court) official decisionjustification: reasonsTranslation: scofflawry at the top. ?That means: Administration in Washington is the law-breaker in the highest positi

29、on. 共四十四页P8Is it appropriate for the write to end his essay by presenting evidence of scofflawry at the top? If the law-makers are ignoring the law, how can the ordinary citizens be expected to abide by the law. 共四十四页IV. ConclusionP.9 Scofflawry is extremely infectious and U.S. society must do somet

30、hing about it.disquieting: disturbing, upsetting, annoyingterminal: fatal, approaching deathe.g. terminal cancer terminally illsit still: do nothingallow: tolerateindefinite: unchecked 共四十四页windshieldhood / bonnettrunk / bootsunroofheadlightindicatorside lightrear-view mirrordoor handlelicense plate

31、brake lightreversing lighttiresteering wheeldashboardgear stickacceleratorclutchbrake hornCar 共四十四页ExercisesIII. Translation1. He cant even afford to rent a one-room flat, let alone buy a villa. The editor is not entitled to take liberties with the text of a literary work. Under the influence of my

32、parents, I took to literature in my teens.My sister having left for college, her bedroom has been converted into a study. Shortage of fund and labour has been plaguing the company for many years. Shanghai ranks as one of the key international navigation centers in the world.The incessant noise from

33、the construction site kept us awake all night. As the other party failed to fulfill their obligations time and again, they decided to nullify the contract. 共四十四页Exercises2. 法律与秩序是美国历史上持续时间最长且很可能是人们最为热衷的政治议题。但可悲的是，数以百万的美国人，虽然从不以为自己是违法者，更谈不上是罪犯，但对旨在保护、滋养他们的社会(shhu)所制定的法规越来越不当回事。说真的，当今像乱扔赃物、骗税、制造扰民噪音和机

34、动车无序行驶等一系列藐视法律的行为好像代表了未来的潮流。哈佛大学的社会(shhu)学家李斯曼甚至怀疑绝大多数美国人已经漫不经心地把犯一些似乎是小错的行为当成是理所当然的事。李斯曼说美国社会(shhu)的伦理甚至已经堕落到“只有傻瓜才守法”的地步。共四十四页ExercisesLanguage workI. Grammar 1.1) The charge brought against the bicyclist in green was one of violating the traffic laws. 2) All obstacles in the way of putting an end

35、 to scofflawry should be swept away. 3) To speak plainly, the new scheme to enforce certain laws on the part of the police is at a standstill. 4) If you wish to complain, you must do so in writing. 5) The editor backed out of exposing the flagrant use of cocaine in middle-and upper-class life for fear of losing his job. 6) Mr