2022年初二下册英语语法归纳习题总复习题

1、直接引语变间接引语She said ,“I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a book. 一、如何变人称：注意：以下几种情况时态不变口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。直接引语是客观真理。“一随主 ”是指在直接引语变间接引语时， 如果从句中的主语是第一人 称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变The teacher said The earth moves around the sun . The teacher said me the earth moves around 化如：the sun earth. Sh

2、e said. My brother wants to go shopping with me. ”She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. “ 二随宾” 是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是 第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的 宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now?”He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新 ”是指直接引语变间接引语时。 如果从

3、句中的主语及 宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化 如：Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr Smith said Jack was a good boy. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jack said. “ I was doing chores when Tom came to see meJack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jack said. I was born on

4、April 2l, 1980. Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, “ I get up at six every morning。”He said he gets up at six every morning. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变二、如何变时态：（例： could, should, would, might）”直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。The doctor said, “ You should

5、stay in bed for 2 days.1) 一般现在时一般过去时态； The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.She said: “ I am a student. ”和已经是过去时的形式时， She said (that) she was a student. 例： ought to， had better, used to 2)一般将来时过去将来时 She said, He will go to see his friend.”Peter said. You had better come here today. Peter

6、said I had better go there that day. She said he would go to see his friend。三、如何变状语：Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow. 3) 现在进行时过去进行时；直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由 “现在”改为 “原来 ”（例： now 变为 then, yesterday变为 the day before today 变为 that d

7、ay 1.Dont make any noise, the teacher said to the students. He said, ” I want to go swimming now. ” She told (ordered) the students not to make any noise. He said he wanted to go swimming then. 2. “ Open the door, please, said she. 地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，She asked him to open the door. here 变 there 直接引语如果是以

8、“ Lets ”开头的祈使句， 变为间接引语时， 通常用The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.“ suggest +动句词（或从句） ”如：The teacher said I should go there at 7:00. 指示代词修饰的状语，由 “此”改为“彼”例： this 改为 that He said, This books is mine. “He said that book was his. 四、如何变句型：He said, Lets go to the movies. He suggested going to t

9、he movies. 或 He suggested that they should go to see the movies. 1. Murphy: I can sleep late everyday. He said he _sleep late everyday. 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that 引导2. Mrs. Kosky: My son will go bowling. 的宾语从句。She said her son _go bowling. She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes. “She said that t

10、heir bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 . He said, Can you swim, John?“He asked John if he could swim. Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑。问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）S

11、he asked me, When do they have their dinner? ” She asked me when they had their dinner. 3. Iris: Erika is going to the dance. She said she _ _to the dance. 4. Lissa: Im excited about going on vacation. She said she _excited about going on vacation. 5. Homeroom Teacher: You can have a party. She said

12、 we _have a party. 6. Lana said, “I m mad at Marcia.”Lana said _ _ mad at Marcia. 7. He said to me, “I will call you tomorrow. ”He _ me _ _ call _ the next day. 8. They said, “We are having a meeting.”They said _ _having a meeting. She asked me, What was Jack doing when I come in?”9. She said, “I go

13、 to school every Monday.”She asked me what Jack was doing when she came in. She said _ _ to school every Monday. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“10. My sister said to me, “I m going to help you.”Tell (ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth. ”句型 。如：My sister _ me _ _going to help _. 反义疑问句（附加疑问句）它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证

14、实。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句， 两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1 陈述部分肯定式 疑问部分否定式2 陈述部分否定式 疑问部分肯定式They work hare, dont they? She was ill yesterday, wasnt she? You didn t go, did you? He cant ride a bike, can he? 4. 陈述部分有 had better 时，疑问句应用 hadnt 开头：youd better get up early, hadnt you? 5. 当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表

15、达：Let s go out for a walk, shall we? Let us go our for a walk, will you? Turn on the radio, will you? 6. 反义疑问句的回答用 yes， no ， 但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。如：They dont work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？Yes, they do. 不， 他们工作努力。 /No, they dont. 对，请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法：他们工作不努力。1当陈述部分的主语是 I , everyone, everything, nobo

16、dy 时，后面的疑问句应表示为：I am a student, arent I Everyone is in the classroom, arent they? Everything begins to grow in spring, doesnt it? Nobody will go, will they? 2. 当陈述部分有 never ，seldom, hardly ，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定词时，后面的疑问句则表示为：There are few apples in the basket, are there? He can ha

17、rdly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they? 3. 当陈述部分是 I think 加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。I think chickens can swim, cant they? I think Lucy is a good girl, isnt she? I didnt think he was happy, was he? 一、反意疑问句的一般情况1当陈述部分的主语是： 等 everyone, everybody, someone, no one, nobody, somebody合成代词时，附加疑问句的主语非正

18、式文体中往往 they 用。（也可以按语法一致原则用单数。）2当陈述部分以 one 不定代词做主语时，附加问句的主语在正式常场用 one，非正式场合用 he。3当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this 或 that ，附加疑问句的主语用 it 。（是 those, these 则用 they ）4当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词 everything, anything, nothing 等，附加问句的主语用 it。5陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，例如：never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, none, no one, rarely, nowhere

19、, nothing, nobody, few, little 等，附加疑问句的动词要用肯定形式。6假如陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀，那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理，附加疑问句应用否定形式。14陈述部分中有 have to ，附加疑问句部分用 do。二、常见句型的反意疑问句15含有 ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部7当陈述部分是 there be 存在句型时，附加疑问句的主语也用there. 分用 shouldnt / oughtnt 主语。8感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he?

20、/ shouldnt he? 9祈使句后面的附加疑问句题目16陈述部分有 used to ，附加疑问句部分可用used 也可以用 did 。A) 祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问句只能用will you。17陈述部分有neednt 时，附加疑问句部分用need 但有时也可B) 祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问句用肯定、否定均可。用 must。C) Let开头的祈使句要注意：18 陈述部分有 must，且表示“ 必须” 时，附加疑问句部分用mustn1.Let s 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内，表示提出建议或征求t ，假如表示“ 必要” 则用neednt 。对方意见，其反意疑问句往往用shall we 。19

21、陈述部分中是 mustn t 表示“ 禁止” 时，附加疑问句部分用must。2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内，表示请求对陈述部分中的 must 表示“ 一定” 、“ 想必” 等推测意义时，附加 疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。方允许做某事的含义， let 有 allow 的意思。附加疑问部分用will you。20陈述部分是I wish ， 表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用3. Let me 开头表示请求，附加疑问句用will you，或用 may I 。may I 。三、复合句的反意疑问句21弄清陈述句中的d rather = would rathe

22、r ；d better = had better附加疑问句部分前者用would，后者用 had。10当陈述部分是一个（带that 引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是，当陈述部分的主语是： I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect 等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移题目。11当陈述部分是 I m sure that, ；we are sure ；I m afraid that ；We are sure that；I feel sure th

23、at 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。12当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句13陈述部分中有 have 一词，且表示“ 所有” 含义时，附加疑问句部分既可用 have 也可用 do。其它特殊结构的反意疑问句22陈述部分的主语是 each of. 结构时，附加疑问句在夸大整体时用 they ，当作个别时用 he。23陈述部分有 neither.nor.(either.or.) 做并列主语，附加疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 24

24、陈述部分是： I m . 结构，附加疑问句一般用 arent I? 25. 陈述部分有 had better v. 疑问句部分用 hadnt you? Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 26. 陈述部分有 would rather v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt 主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 27. 陈述部分有 Youd like to v. 疑问部分用 wouldnt 主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldn

25、t you? a. are they b. arent they28. 带情态动词dare 或 need 的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) 主语。We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 当 dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 反意疑问句练习1. Youd rather watch TV this evening, _ _? t you a. isnt itb. hadn

26、t you c. wouldnt you d. won 2. I suppose youre not going today, _? a. are you b. do you c. don t youd. arent you 3. I wish to shake hands with you, _? a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I 4. Three hours ought to be enough time, _? itt d. shouldn a. oughtn three hoursb. didn theyc. shouldn three hours

27、 5. They have to study a lot, _? t they a. don t theyb. haven t theyc. did they d. hadn 6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, _ ? a. didnt heb. did he c. did it d. didnt it 7. Im sure dirty, _? a. am I b. isnt Ic. arent Id. am not I 8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your presen

28、t post. I don judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, _ you? a. do b. did c. don t d. didnt 9. That s the sort of the book you want, _? a. is it d. isnt thatc. is that d. isn t it 10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you, _? c. are all these dictionaries d. arent all these

29、 dictionaries 11.The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting, _? a. wasnt it b. was it c. didnt wed. weren t we 12.Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now, _? a. hasn t heb. has he c. shouldnt hed. didnt you 13.David told me that you would take a

30、 trip to America, _? a. would you b. wouldn t youc. did you d. didnt you 14.There appeared to be no better way, _? a. was there b. were there c. did there d. didnt there 15. You has some trouble finding where I live, _? a. didnt youb. hadn t youc. do I d. don t I 16.He has his hair cut every month,

31、_? t a. has he b. hasn t hec. does he d. doesn t he 17.Your friend needs to come earlier, _? a. does he b. doesn t hec. need he d. neednt he 18.The little boy dare not go to church, _? a. dare he b. darent hec. does he d. doesn t he 19. Susan d have worked abroad if shed had the chance, _? a. has sh

32、e b. hadn t shec. would she d. wouldn t she 20. Everyone s having a good time, _? a. is he b. isnt everyonec. does he d. arent they 21.Any one can join the club, _? a. can any one b. can t any onec. can t theyd. can they t think you 22.Tell me how to operate the electronic computer, _? a. will you b

33、. shan t youc. do you d. don t you 23.Magaret scarcely comes to visit you on Christmas Day, _? a. doesn t sheb. does she c. do you d. don t you 24. Lets listen to the radio program that the teacher me ntioned, _? a. do we b. don t we c. shall we d. shan t we a. has you b. hadn t shec. did she d. did

34、nt she 25.You think youre funny, _? a. didnt youb. are you c. don t youd. do you 26.Janet used to take part in labor in that village, _? 40.Somethingll have to be done about the air pollution, _? a. won t it b. will it c. has it d. does it 41. Linda ate nothing this morning, _? a. used she b. did sh

35、e c. didnt shed. should she A. didnt she B. was she C. did she D. wasnt she 27.What beautiful weather, _? 42. There s hardly_ milk in the bottle, _thera. is it b. isnt itc. won t it d. doesn t it A. no, isnt B. some, is C. little, isnt D. any, is 28. He ought to go to Kwangchow by plane, _? 43. He h

36、as never ridden a horse before, _? a. should he b. shouldnt hec. would he d. wouldn t he A. does he B. has he C. hasnt he D. doesnt he 29. We never dared to ask him a question, _? 44. He seldom came here, _? Yes sir. a. did we b. didnt wec. dared we d. darent we A. didnt he B. does he C. doesnt he D

37、. did he 30. Nobody will believe how difficult his work has been _? 45. Everything seems all right, _ ? a. will he b. won t nobodyc. will they d. won t they A. does it B. dont they C. wont it D. doesnt it 31.You must have made the mistake, _? a. mustn t youb. haven t youc. didnt youd. hadn t you 32.

38、Learning how to repair computers takes a long time, _? 46. Nobody was absent from the meeting, _ ? A. was it B. were they C. wasnt he D. werent they 47. One can t be too modest, can _ ? A. one B. he C. it D. we a. isnt itb. arent theyc. doesn t itd. don t they 48. No one failed in the exam, _ ? 13B

39、14D 33.Jack has coffee with breakfast, _? A. was he B. did one C. did they D. didnt he a. hasn t Jackb. hasn t hec. doesn t Jackd. doesn t he 49. Im a little late for class, _ I? 34.They must have stayed at hotel last night, _? A. amn t B. am not C. isnt D. aint a. mustn t theyb. haven t theyc. didn

40、t theyd. hadn t they 50. Neither you nor I am a artist, _ ? 35.There isnt anything wrong with the radio, _A. am I B. arent we C. are we D. aint Ia. is there b. is it c. does it d. does there 51. He can t be her father, _ he? 36.You must be hungry, _? A. is B. isnt C. can D. cant a. must you b. mustn

41、 t youc. are you d. arent you 答案： 1C 2 A 3B 4C 5A 6 A 7C 8B 9D 10B 11A 12C 37.Let s do the exercises by ourselves, _? a. shall we b. shan t wec. will you d. will we 15A 16D 17B 18A 19D 20D 21C 22A 23B 24C 25D 26C 38.Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned, _? 27B 28B 29A 30C 31B 32C 33D 34

42、C 35A 36D 37A 38C a. had she b. hadn t shec. didnt shed. didnt her daughter 39D 40A 41C 42D 43B 44D 45D 46B 47A 48C 49D 50C 39.The teacher had a talk with you, _? 51A 形容词的比较级和最高级2表达 “ A不如 B” 用 not as as的结构。公式 : A+be 动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级 +as +B一、比较级的定义：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比A+助词的否定形式+动词 +as+形容词原级 +as +B大多数的形容词都有

43、三个级别：例： I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。较级表示“ 更 ” ，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“ 前者比后者 更 ” ，比较级前面一般用 much, even, a little修饰，其中 even, much 只能修饰比较级。He doesn t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。2 表达 “ A大于 B” 用“比较级 +than ”的结构。二、比较级的构成：（1）规则变化：公式 : A+be 动词 +形容词比较级 +than+BA+实义动词 +副词比较级 +than+B 例：I am taller than you. He runs fas

44、ter than I. (二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er Eg: calm-calmer tall-taller smart-smarter 以字母 e 结尾的直接在词尾加 -r Eg: nice-nicer fine-finer large-larger 以“ 辅音 +y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i，再加 -er”1比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度 ”的词或短语， 意思是 “更 ”，“ 得 ” 。常见词有 much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。Eg: early-earlier happy-hap

45、pier busy-busier 例：He is much taller than I. ,表示具体 “ 大多以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er I jump a little higher than he. Eg: big-bigger thin-thinner hot-hotter 想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more 2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构Eg: popular-more popular important-more important 少” ，“ 小多少 ” ，“ 长多少 ” ，“ 短多

46、少 ”等。（2）不规则变化：例：I am two years older than he. 少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：good-better bad/ill-worse This building is 20 meters higher than that one. many/much-more 3“比较级 +and+比较级 ”表示 “ 越来越 ” 。little-less far-farther/further old-older/elder It is getting warmer and warmer三、比较级的用法 : He is running faster and fast

47、er(一)当两个人或事物 （A 和 B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词 （副 词）的原级或者比较级1 表达 “ A和 B 一样 ” ，用 as as的结构。公式 : A+be 动词 +as+形容词原级 +as +BA+ 实义动词 +as+副词原级 +as +B例： I am as tall as you. / He runs as fast as I. 0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful4“ the more ， the more ”表示 “ 越 ，就越 ” ，The more，the better.多多益善。The more car

48、eful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make. 5“ the more of the two 表示 “两个当中较。的一个 ”The taller of the two boys is my brother. 四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容2、Then Summer Palace is than Zhong Shan park. s词（副词）的最高级A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger 1表达 “ 是 中最 的” ,用“ the+形容词（副词）的最高级 ”的结构。3、W

49、hich do you like , apples or oranges? 后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。A. good B. better C. best D. well 公式 :主语 +be 动词 +the +形容词最高级 +（名词） +表示范围的介词短语或从句4、-Oh, the food is bad. 主语 +实义动词 +（ the） +形容词最高级 +表示范围的介词短语或从句-I think so .And the service(服务) is _. 例：He is the tallest (student) in our class. Athe worst B. wors

50、e C. badder D. the worse He jumps the highest of the three boys. 5、-You are the same coat as I. This is the best book that I have ever read. -Yes, Mine is , but not so as yours. 2表示 “最 的 中一个 ”，用“ one of +the +最高级 +复数名词 ”的结A. better, expensive B. better, more expensive 构来表达。C. much better, more expen

51、sive D. good, more expensive 例： He is one of the best students in our class. 6、The experts think that Indias population may be than China This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden. 2020. 注意： (一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on 前面定冠词 the可以省略

52、。 但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能7、This year our school is than it was last year. 要定冠词 the. A. much beautiful B. the most beautiful （二） 常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among C. beautifuler D. much more beautiful 五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题：8、you work, knowledge you will get. (一)、按语法规则， than 后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有A. The harder, more

53、B. The harder, the more 时会用宾格代替主格。C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more Eg He is more careful than I (me). 9、He has friends than I. (二)、只有同类的事物才能比较A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more e.g Her bag is bigger than mine. 10、She draws better than . 不能说 Her bag is bigger than I. A. us all B. w

54、e all C. all us D. all we The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.11、Shanghai is larger than city in China. 不能说 The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else 【语法专项练习题 】12、I m not sure whether Mary can singAnn. A. as well as B. a

55、s good as C. as better as D. so good as 1、That boy looks as as a boxer. 13、I have fewer apples than . A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong A. he B. his C. hers D. mine 14、The news is surprising. 一、 一般现在时八大时态A. much B. very C. more D. very much 15、The population of China is larger than .

56、 A. America B. the one of Americas C. that of America D. Americans 16、Which is _clothing store in your town? 1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, A. the best B. the better C. the most good D. best month ), once a week, on Sundays, 17、My sister

57、is _person I know. D. funniest 3.基本结构：动词 原形（如主语为第三人称单数， 动词上要加（s/es）A.the funniest B.the funnier C.the most fun 4.否定形式： am/is/are not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其18、Is Mr Du _ teacher in your school? 前加 dont,如主语为第三人称单数， 则用 doesnt，同时还原行为动词。A.the most busy B.the busier C.the most busiest D.the busiest 5.一般疑问句：把

58、be 动词放于句首；用助动词 do 提问，如主语为19、He is _more beuutiful than I. 第三人称单数，则用 does，同时，还原行为动词。A. too B. enough C. much D. very 6.例句： . It seldom snows here. 20、The box is _heavy .I cant move it. He is always ready to help others. A. much B. more C. enough D. too Action speaks louder than words. 21、The book is

59、the_one in the bookshopAthe most cheap Bthe expensive 二、一般将来时Cthe most expensive Dthe less expensiver 1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做22、I have _ apples and _milk than you. 某事。A. many, little B. more, less C. more, least D. many, less 2.时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ),soon, in a few 23、Yo

60、u should study English hard, because its getting_ in our minutes, by ,the day after tomorrow, etc. country . A.more and more important B.more important and more important C. importanter and importanter D. important and important 3.基本结构： am/is/are/going to do；will/shall do. 4.否定形式： was/were not; 在行为动