非谓语动词一览表

1、学习好资料欢迎下载非谓语动词一览表非谓语动词主动式被动式可充当的句子成分动词不TE式to doto be done主语宾语表语定语补语状语插入语to be doing/to have doneto have been doneto have been doing/动名词doingbeing done主语宾语表语定语having donehaving been done现在分词doingbeing done表语定语补语状语插入语having donehaving been done过去分词done动词不定式的基本用法：一.语法功能：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的学习好资料欢迎下载特征，因此在

2、句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语（主语补足语 卜状语以及插入语（独立成分 ），唯独不可作谓语。（主语）To scold herwould not be just.（宾埼）We are planning to build a Disney park here.（宾补） They hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.（表语）Our most urgent task is to make a careful analysis of the present situation仔细分析当前的形势是我们

3、最迫 切的任务。、（定语）Do you have anything else to add?还有什么要补（目 的状语） Learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones.（结果状语）He made a long speech only to show hisignorance of the subject.施大讲了一通，只暴露他对这门学科的无知。、（程度状语）I don t know hero speak to.我认识她还不到 能与她谈话的程度。（原因状语） We shall be happy to co-operate with you in the

4、 work.（独立成分） To put it another way,do you like him?To be honestj don t know anything about it.作主语：To say is easier than to do. = Saying is easier than doing.To seeis to believe.=Seeing is believing.How to go therehasn t been decided yet.Who to blame for the traffic accidentis still a puzzle.学习好资料欢迎下

5、载Whether to go or stayis not known.It is important to study English well and go to college.It is our duty to give a hand to people in trouble.It takes me three hours to do house cleaning on Sundays.To master a foreign languageis very important。=It is very important to master a foreign language.【总结归纳

6、】才定式作主语，用 It代替主语，而把子定式后 置，常见句型：. It is + adj. (important, possible, impossible, necessary, hard, difficult, easy,strange, natural,+ for sb.) to do sth.It is + adj. ( honest, brave, foolish, clever, careful, kind, wise, careless, good, nice, silly, stupid, impolite ) +(of sb.) to do sth.eg: It is qui

7、te necessaryfor us to learn English well.It was very brave of you to jump into the river to savethe girl.I n fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.It is kind of you to help me. = You are kind to help me .11 was foolish of you to bel ieve him.= I i is fool

8、ish of you to have bel ieved himto do sth.eg. It s right/wrong for / bfm to do the work alone. It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one s duty, acshame) +学习好资料欢迎下载sth.eg. It my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School. It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, days, patience ) to do

9、sth.eg: It requires patience to learn English well. It made sb. + adj. (excited, frightened , angry ) + to do sth.eg: It made me delighted to have been invited to give you a speech here.II.作表语：当句子的主语是 aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose 等或者主语是 what 弓I导的名 词性从句时，后面可

10、以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。例如：Our most important task now is to make a plan.What I would suggest is to start work at once.At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.The problems remain to be unsettled.His father s tastoisaise pigs and goats.学习好资料欢迎下载My question is when to start the work.T

11、he problem is whether to buy a bigger computer.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. All that we have to do is (to) practice speaking English every day. What we have to do is (to) practice speaking English every day.III. 作宾语Do you agree to lend him 20

12、0 yuan _to buy a birthdaygift?They managed _to pass the driving test.We determine to study English harder than before.I don t knowattQ.do.neXt.He refused to accept the present.He tried to avoid answering my questions.The cat said “ Rememnot to . take . it next .time!.【总结归纳】1)只可以接不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有： ho

13、pe, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, afford, expect,etc.Eg. We have no choice. but to wait.Cf. We can do nothing but wait.3)用it作形式宾语，宾语补足语后置，find, think,consider, believe, feel, make +jt + adj. / n. + to do sth.eg: I find it very interesting to t

14、alk with you.学习好资料欢迎下载Do you think it a pity to miss a wonderful film?Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.IV.宾语补足语在SVOC句型中，许多动词都可以跟不定式作宾语补足语。eg: You should get them to help youJim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.Parents want their children to develop fully.Pleas

15、e ask John not to turn off the air-condition.He encouraged me to talk to him in English.They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.He often made his workers work 10 hours a day, butrecently he has been made to reduce the worhing hour.【总结归纳】1)建赏作宾语补语的不定式要带to,常用于以下动词和动词词组之后：want, wish, ask,

16、 tell, order, beg, permit,help, advise, persuade, allow, cause, force, invite, warn, forbid, get, vote for, call on, count on, rely on, depend on, long for, wait for 等。但在谓语动词 believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面常跟to be ,作宾补，也可省略 tobe.eg. They believe him (to be ) honest.I

17、 find her (to be ) humorous.You can timagine them (to. be. ) careful and学习好资料欢迎下载interesting.2)以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to (但变为被动语态时要加 to )一些表示 致使”意义的动词， 即let, have, make;一些表示“感觉”的动词，五看两听一感觉(listen to,watch, observe, notice, look at , see, hear, listento, feel.)Eg: Don t let the childretrouble. you.I heard

18、 someone open the door.Someone was heard to open the door.His father made him go to bed early.He was made to go to bed by his father.help后to带不带都可以。Eg: He often helps (to) do some housework at home.He helped an old man ( to ) walk across the street.V.作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词或代词。.动词不定式作定语，与所修饰名词有动宾关系：I

19、have a meeting to attend.He found a goodhouseto live in.The child has nothing to worry about. She has a child to take care of.It seems that he has no pen to write with. I have a lot to talk about with you.区别: Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent?Exx.学习好资料欢迎下载He has many le

20、tters( write).He is looking for a large room( live ) in.Please give me a piece of paper (write ) on.Please give me a pen ( write ) with.I want to buy a knife( cut ) appleswith.Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office. A. to send it to B. to send it C. to be sent to

21、D. to have it sent 一I would like to buy an expensive camera.一Well. We have several models.A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosenD. for choosing I am going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to your son?A. taken B. to take C. to be taken D. take. He has no money and no placeto live (

22、in ).The Central Park is a good place for people to rest and relax ( in ).I have no time to write to you ( in ).Spring is a good seasonto go travelling ( in ).I have no way to solve the problem ( in ).若不定式修饰的名词是place, time, way,不定式后的介词常省略学习好资料欢迎下载. I will go to Nanjing. Do you have anything to be ta

23、ken there?Cf: I will go to Nanjing with you. Do you have anything to take there?I have no more letters to be typed.Thank you.You can go home now.Cf: I have no more letters to type. I can go home now.被修饰名词前有序数词，形容词最高级修饰：Edison was the first scientist to build a modern researchand development . center

24、.He is always the first _to come and the last to leave .Madame Curie was the first woman in the world to wintwo Nobel Prizes.He is the only person in the office to be invited to the ball.She was the only person to survive after the earthquake. There is no need to worry about me.There is nothing to d

25、o / to be done now.There re many places of interest to.visit (mto. be visited) in China.Cf: There is nothing formeio. do. . . now.(只能用 to do)There are many places of interest for her to visit inChina.(只能用 to do)学习好资料欢迎下载VI.作状语不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。(not )to do , in order ( not ) to do , so as ( not

26、 )todo作目的状语Eg: She reads China Daily every day to/ in order to/ so as to improve her English. 注：in order to 可以位于句首 或句中，so as to不能位于句首。We should take action to stop pollution to keep the river clean.To sleep late in the morning Bob turned off the alarm.To / In order to catch up with the other student

27、s, he is working harder.In order for the students to pass the exam, the teachers are working hard.We ran all the way so as not to be late for the lecture.Exx: 1) All these gifts must be mailed immediately intime for Christmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to receiveC. so as to be received

28、D. so as to bereceiving注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要 一致In order to make our city green.A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. we学习好资料欢迎下载must plant more treesC. many more trees need to plantD. ourcity needs more trees在 so as to do, such .as to do, only / never to do 结构中，不定式作结果状语，其中 only / never to

29、do 用于表示意想不到的结果。Eg: He is so. kind as to help strangers in need of help.He is such a kind man as to help strangers out of trouble.He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.He hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone.He lifted a rock, only to drop it on his own feet.He

30、 left home three months ago, back.He left home three months ago, never to be seen again.enough to do, too to do结构Eg: The boy isn old enoughto go to school.=The boy is too young to go to school.He arrived late to find the train gone. He is too weak to do the work.学习好资料欢迎下载=He is not strong enough to

31、do the work.He woke up the next morning to find that he was in a hospital.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：或用never to doHe hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.He left his hometown when he was very young,

32、never to return.Exx: He was busy writing a story, onlyonce in a whileto smoke a cigarette.A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stoppedD 形容词(happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever 等)+ 不定式 结构中，不定式作原因状语。Eg: I rsorryto. hear . that you.

33、, are ill.I m more than happy / glad / willing to take youthere in my car.北京卷）doI m gladsee you .I feel greatly honoredinto their society. ( 2008A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed注意：only too表非常、很”They are only too lucky to goabroad for a visit. too happy / glad / pleased / eage

34、r / anxious / ready etc.=very happy / glad / pleased / eager / anxious / ready etc.She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.She was too eager to sedier daughter.Exx: - Thanks for your trouble.-Not at all. I m pleased to help you.A. too much B. too only C. so much D.学习好资料欢迎下载only too 伴随

35、状语 as if to do sthHe moved his lips as if to say something.He raised his hand as if to greet me.He paused, as jf.tolet.the. painfu.Lmemo.ry . pass.VII.作插入语（独立成分），用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如： to be frank （坦白地说）， to be sure（确实,诚然，固然），to tell you the truth （说 实话）,to be honest （老实说）,to be exact （精确地说）, to

36、 begin with （首先） ,to start with （首先）,to make a long story short（长话短说）,to make matters worse （更糟的是） ,to be brief （简言 之），to say nothing of （姑且不说）,to conclude（总之）, believe it or not （信不信由你） 等。Eg.To tell. . you. the . truths I don t love you.I lost my way in complete darkness and , to make things worse

37、., it began to pour.To be frank, I dont like the way he talked.二、不定式的时态. 一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时间限制。例如： 、_They often watch us pJay. . table . tennis （与、谓语动作同时）She hopesto go there again （在谓语动作之后）It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）学习好资料欢迎下载The factory to mak

38、e radiosis over there.(无时间限制)She decided not to be late again.(在谓语动作之后, 否定式)She promised never to make such a stupid mistake.(同.完成声：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：I m sorryohave . . keptyou waiting.She seems to have been told everything.She seemsto have beena teacher for many years.进行式：表示正茬笈丕的动作且与谓语动作同时发生。例Sh

39、e happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.They pretended to be working very hard.We happened to be talking about it.完成进行式：表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。He is said to have been working there for more than twenty years.不定式的时态、语态填空：Many people are eager (talk about) their future.Some

40、 of my friends seem (make) theirplans nowadays.Mary is happy(make) a great decision.Now he is an engineer, but he plans to(change) his future life.He seemed to (question) for many times.We are invited to a party (hold) in our clubnext Friday.I feel greatly honored (welcome) intotheir society.Have yo

41、u checked all the goods to the medical nextweek?The play (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.学习好资料欢迎下载The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle(hear).It remain(see) whether Jim be fit enough toplay in the finals.-Is Bob still performing? ”-I m afr

42、aid not. He is said to(leave) the stagealready as he has become an official.”Idon t know whether you(碰巧听说了)，but I ， going to study in the U.S.A. this September .All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to (receive) in time for Christmas.We are invited to a party to(hold) in ourclub next Frid

43、ay.二、主动表示被动逻辑上的主谓关系-句中有动作的执行者Do you have anything to sayon this questionWith a lot of housework to do, Lcan t go to the concert with you.son?lyou 不是take 动作的执行者I ll go to townDo you have anything 3 betaken to your 部分形容词+不定式，与主语是逻辑上的动宾关系 一回头 现象学习好资料欢迎下载The book is difficult to understand. =It is diffi

44、cult to understand.The chair is comfortableto sit on.Exciting as its special effects are to watch, there is too M-rwv*VB_iwTrviwwwlv-vlTi_B-rlvfcmrwB5rTrvvwTriwvsvrivlTBTrrlvli-irwiBiBH_wvvwTr8arvvrivllArTrrfcmuch violence in the film.He is a pleasant person to work with止匕类形容词有easy, hard, cheap, exp

45、ensive, dangerous,difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful 等。 to blame受责备；to let 待出租The house isto let.Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the oneto blame.He is more to blame than Wilfred.四、动词不定式不带 to的情况：(1).女一感(

46、feel)二 轮” (hear/listen to)三让 (let/make/have) 四 看 (look at/see/watch/notice+ observe;)感官动后和使役动词后，动词不定式作宾补时, 不带 to.eg. I have heard him speak about youoften.注：用于被动语态时(let/have无被动语态be allowed to do sth)，则要带 to, She was heard to sing a songin the next room.注：get/leave也有 旺”可笠但它们之后的示定式要带to.eg.(3)I ll leav

47、e yoto. settle . all . the. . problems.(2)在 had better/had best/had rather/had sooner/would rather (亍愿/最好)I father stop here soon.(3)连接词组(宁愿 而不愿)would rather do than do., would do rather than do, prefer to do rather than do , insist on doing rather than do would sooner do than doeg: I would rather g

48、o than stay Rather than go outing, she wouldstay at home.(4) 在 cannot but do . , cannot help but do , can t choose but do ,may (might) as well do , may(maight) well do .,Eg: When the country calls you for help, you can tbut. . go. I can t choosbut attend the meeting.(5)在“why ” / “why not。类表示提由忠告战建议的

49、 句型中,学习好资料欢迎下载Eg: Why turn off the gas? Why not look it up in the direction?do nothing/everything /anything but/exceptThere is nothing (left) to do but/except wait for him at home.She could do nothing but cry.五、不te式的省略式，可以保留到to; to be; to have; to have been下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to owant to , wish to ,ho

50、pe to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to If you dont want to do it, you dont need to.-Hasd t he finished writing the report?-No, but he ought to have.动名词一、基本形式. 一般式By reviewing the olcj you can learn somethingnew.被动式 He narrowly esc

51、aped being drowned.完成式 Mary regrets having been idlewhen young.否定式 not doing.复合结构 Is there any chance of my going abroad?名词性质作主语、宾语，也可以用作表语或定语.作主语Being . exposed. . to . sunlight for too . much .time . will do harm to ones skin.Being examined twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is

52、 the rule that every driver must obey in this city.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-her new bicycle.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing注意： 动名词在 “It is no use / no good / fun / useless / a waste of time / a good pleasure / nice / good / interesting / worthwhile等”结两中作主语，it为形式主语

53、。如：Its no good waiting this morning. Come back Monday.作表语In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs.作宾语既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour.She looks forward every spring to walking in the学习好资料欢迎下载flower-lined garden.The discovery of new evidence le

54、d to the thief being caught.注意：若跟有宾语补足语，则常用it作形式宾语We found it no good making fun of others.We don t thinkit any good allowing children to chat on line without any restriction.后接动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid,excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, adrm itdeny, mind, permit, forbid, pr

55、actice, risk, appreciate, postpone, fancyunderstand, involve, resist, escape后接动名词的短语：be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand,cant help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent (from),keep from, stop ( from ) , protect fromset about, be engaged in, spend (in), succeedin, be used to, look forward to,

56、 object to, pay attention to, insist on, put off, can t stand, can3help, ,devote to, get used to注意 1 :在 have some difficulty ( in ) doing 句型中,difficulty 可由以下单词 trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time如：Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time (inI. passing

57、. the . exam.结构 如： to be repaired.注意 2: 在动词 need, require, want, deserves用动名词的主 动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动oThe watch needs repairing. =The watch needs这块表该修F列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别forget to do忘记要做某事forget doing 忘remember to do 记住要 做某事rememberdoing 记着做了某事mean to do 有意要 做某事meandoing 意味着做了某事一regret to do 对要做的

58、事主示后悔regret doing对做过去的事后悔can thelp to do 不能帮助做某事 can tielp doing情不自禁做臬事try to do 尽力去做某事try doing 试stop to do停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing 停止做某事-go on to do 接着做 （另外一件事 go on学习好资料欢迎下载doing继续做某事be used toused to do 过去做某事doing习惯做某事作主语、宾语的动名词和不定式的区别动名词：表示一般性、习惯性的动作，或抽象性的动作，时间概念不强；不定式：表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。

59、一Smoking is forbidden here.（泛指） Its not good for you to smokeso much.（具体）f They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.（泛喑）体）Would you prefer to stay at home this evening (具.作定语：表示用途He cant walk without a walking-stick. Is there a swimming pool in your school?.作向位语His habit, listening to th

60、e news on the radio, remains unchanged.牛力试：用动名词的 doing 、 having done 、 being done 、 having been done形式填空We are interested in(play) chess.Im sorry for not(keep) my promise.I appreciate(invite) here.(examine) twice a year, whether it is a car or abus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey