动词不定式(TheInfinitive)学案

1、Life can only be understood backward, but it must be lived forwards. 译为:Unit 1 复习不定式(Revise the Infinitive )学案主备：王晓萍审核：高二英语组Learning aims: Use the Infinitive correctly.Learning methods Task-based learning self-preview co-operative learningLearning ProceduresI.不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，由“to动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中

2、不能独立作谓语.但不定式具有 名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中 可以作、状语等。I）划出并辨别下面不定式或其短语在句子中充当的成分 ：It is difficult to know what the future holds.To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time.My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feel

3、ing sorry for myself.If I have a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying.A big company has decided to buy it from me.My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.I have had to work hard to live a normal l

4、ife.9. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.10. In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.II.动词不定式的时态和语态的特点及作用。常见的形式如表所示(以及物动词do为例)，不及物动词没有被动语态。时态语态主动被动一M式进行式/完成式完成进行式/m【观察并区分】动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的不同:1、动名

5、词与不定式的区别：动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，经常性， 抽象，已发生的不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因， ,具体， t st2、有些动词如 begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义基本相同。例句解析It began to rain. It began raining.It was beginning to snow.I love lying (to lie)on my back.I like listening to music, but todayI don t like

6、 to.I don t prefer to swim in the river no1意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟2表示一种倾向多接 作宾语，3如果表示某一特定的或具体的行M动，多接白IV.3、有些动词如remember, forget, regret, try 接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义大 相径庭。例句解析1. I remember to meet her at the station.1. remember to do sth.I remember seeing her once somewhere.remember doing sth.2. I forgot giving

7、it to you yesterday.2. forget to do sth.I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.forget doing sth.3. I regret not having working hard.3. regret to do sth.I regret to hear of your sisters deatht doing sth.4. Try knocking at the back door.4. try to do sth.We must try to get everything ready.try d

8、oing sth5. That will mean flooding some land.5. mean to do sth.I had meant to go on Monday.mean doing sth.特殊结构 want, require, need例句解析These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired. The patient required examined The patient required to be examined.need doing=_want doing=_需要被做 =require to

9、 be done【实战演练】1.such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferOne learns a language by making mistakes andthemA. correctB. correctingC. correctsThe pictureon the wall is painted by my nephewA. having hungB. hangingC

10、. hangsDon t forgetthe letter .A. to sendB. sendC. sendingThe chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable toA. sitB. sit onC. be satIsnecessary to return the book tomorrow ?A. thisB. thatC. itD.I m afraid they would not allow himhere .A. to smokeB. smokingC. smokesDMother told methe wat

11、er before I drank it .D. SufferedD .to correctD. being hungD. being sent .D. be sat onwhich,smoke9.101A. boilingB. boiledC. boilD. to boilOn my way home, I stoppedsome food .A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought).John was madethe car for a week as a punishment .A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washin

12、gThe sitting- room needs, but it ll have to wait until SaturdayA. be cleaningB. to be cleanedC. cleanD. being cleaned归纳本节课你的收获：Life can only be understood backward, but it must be lived forwards.只有向后看才能理解生活，但要生活好，则必须向前看。答案：Unit 1 复习不定式（Revise the Infinitive ）学案I.在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。I）划出并辨别下面

13、不定式及其短语在句子中充当的成分：It is difficult to know what the future holds.（作主语）To 100k after my pets properly takes a lot of time.（作主语）My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.（作表语）I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. （作定 语）If I ha

14、ve a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying.（作定语）A big company has decided to buy it from me.（作宾语）My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.（作宾语）I have had to work hard to live a normal life.（作状语）We m

15、ust call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.（作状语）In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent1作宾补）动词不定式的时态和语态的特点及作用。常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。时态语态主动1被动一M式to doto be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have

16、 been done完成进行式to have been doing/m动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别:1、动名词与不定式的区别：动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的t st2、有些动词如 begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义基本相同。例句解析1. It began to rain. It began raining.1意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行2. It was beginning to sn

17、ow.时，后面只跟不定式白3. I love lying （to lie）on my back.2表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，4. I like listening to music, but today3如果表示某一特定的或具体的行I don t like to.5. I don t prefer to swim in the river no动，多接小定式口 w.3、有些动词如remember, forget, regret, try 接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义大相径庭。例句解析I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seein

18、g her once somewhere.I forgot giving it to you yesterday.I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.I regret not having working hard.I regret to hear of your sisterTry knocking at the back door.We must try to get everything ready.That will mean flooding some land.I had meant to go on Monday.remem

19、ber to do sth.记住要做的事remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事forget to do sth.忘记要做的事forget doing sth.忘记做过的事regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉s degrh1t doing sth.对发生过的事后悔try to do sth.设法 ，试图try doing sth.试试看，试一试mean to do sth.打算做，想要mean doing sth.忌味着，就是特殊结构 want, require, need例句解析These desks need repairing.1. need doing= n

20、eed to be done 需要被做These desks need to be repaired.2. want doing= want to be doneThe patient required examined3. require doing= require to be doneThe patient required to be examined.【实战演练】 参考答案 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A11.B动词式适用学科英语适用年级初三适用区域江苏地区及全国通用课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点动词不7E式作主语 动词不定式作

21、表语 动词不定式作宾语 动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不TE式作定语 动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作目的状语 及物动词+疑问词+不定式 动词不定式省略to的情况 只能接不定式的动词教学目标知识：1、掌握动词不定式作主语、 表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语的用法。2、掌握动词不定式与特殊疑问词连用的用法3、掌握省略to的动词不定式的用法方法：要牢记动词不定式的句法功能，并能灵活运用。能力：1、能正确判断动词不定式在句中所作的成分。2、能通过具体语境的分析，正确地使用动词不定式。教学重点1、动词不定式在句中做主语、宾语、宾补和状语。2、常见的后接动词不定式的动词3、动词不定式与特殊疑问词连用教学难点

22、1、动词不定式做主语、宾语（it作形式主语、宾语）的用法2、省略to的动词不定式教学过程一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的知识，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对常见的后接不定式的动词的总结与分析导入本节课所要学习 的动词不定式。二、知识讲解知识点1 :动词不定式的概述.动词不定式的基本形式是“tO动词原形”，有时可以不带to,其否定形式是 “not（+to）域词原形。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。.动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。.动词不定式具有名

23、词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。知识点2:动词不定式主动式的句法功能1、动词不定式作主语【考查点】 当动词不定式做主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。如：To say something is one thing; to do it is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。To help animals is helping people.帮助动物就是帮助人【考查点】 当动词不定式在句子中做主语时，通常使用it作形式主语而真正主语则是不定式或不定式短语，以使句子保持平衡。如：Its so nice to hear your voice. 听至

24、U你的声音真高兴。Its very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。【易错点】Its for sb.+ to do 和 Its of sb.+ to do由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard,difficult, interesting, impossible 等：如：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品

25、德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right 。如：Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。2、动词不定式作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。如：My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。His dream is to be a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。3、动词不定式作宾语【考查点】 动词 ask, agree, choose, decide, expect, force, fail

26、, hope, learn,manage,offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, want, wish 等要接动词不定式作宾语。如：She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已经决定明天去广州。No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.没有人能担负起买如此昂贵的服装。【易错点】 在find, think后接不定式作宾语时，常用 it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在 后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day.我

27、发现每天读英语很容易。4、动词不定式作宾语补足语有的动词后接带to的动词不定式作补语；有的动词后接不带to的动词不定式。【考查点】 能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask, allow , warn, tell, invite , force,wish, want, would like , expect, encourage, advise, order 等。例如：Would you like me to help you? 你要我帮忙吗？Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不会允许我们在街上玩的。【考查点】 用不带to的不定式

28、作宾补的动词有see, hear, watch , notice , feel, let, have,make 等。【易错点】这类句子变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。如：I saw him dance.我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.老板让他们整夜干活。=They were made to work the whole night.5、动词不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。如：I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。T

29、here was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上 （他回家时）两手空空。6、动词不定式作状语【考查点】目的状语常用结构为 to do , in order to , so as to 等，如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。【考查点】作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。【考查点】动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或

30、enough连用。如：It s too heavy to carryt 重了，搬不动。知识点3:动词不定式与疑问词的连用不定式常和疑问词 what, which , when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：He didnt know where to go. （where to go = where he should go）知识点4:动词不定式省略to的情况.【考查点】 使役动词 let, have, make ,以及感官动词 see, watch, notice , hear, smell, feel, 等词后面省略“to。”注意：被动语态中要加上“to。”.【考查点

31、】 would rather, had better等句型后。.【考查点】but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。如：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么者M言。. 口语中，以 Why-/Why not开头的简略问句常省略“to/如：Why do it that way?（你）为什么用那种方法做事情？. help后可带to,也可不带to。三、例题精析【例题11Tom s mother

32、told him eating too much meat.A. stoppingB. to stopC. stopsD. stopped【答案】:B【解析】：本题考查动词不定式做宾补。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事。故选 B。【例题2】Whenever you have a chance English, you should take it.A.speakB. to speakC. spokeD. speaks【答案】:B【解析】：本题考查动词不定式做定语。a chance to speak English一个说英语的机会。故选Bo【例题3】-I like this

33、set of sofa so much, but I don t know it in my small house.-You re supposed to put it in the livingroom.A. where to putB. why to putC. how to putD. what to put【答案】:A【解析】：考查 疑问词+不定式”在特定语境中作宾语时的用法辨析。答句句意：你应该把 它放在客厅。可知上句句意应该是：，但我不知道把它放到我小房子的什么“地方”。故选A。【例题4】Try to sing some English songs, you ll find it

34、 interestfogeign laaguage.A. learningB. learnsC. learnD. to learn【答案】：D【解析】：考查findit + adj. + to do sth.的用法。find + it + adj. + to do sth.意为 发现做某事 是”。故选D。四、课堂运用础】A. stopThe heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers halfway.B. to stopC. stoppingD. stoppedD. how can I sayD. not to wake up himI11 give

35、a talk tomorrow. Im thinking about .A. what to say B. how to sayC. what can I sayYour father is sleeping. You d better .A. not to wake him up B. not wake him up C. not wake up him- Mum, Im hungry.-What about going to McDonalds fried chicken?A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. and eat5. If everyone makes a co

36、ntributionthe environment,our country will become morebeautiful.A. to protectB. in protecting6. -Shopping with me?-Sorry. I have a lot of clothesA . to washB . washedC. to protectingD. for protectingC. washD . to be washedJim asked Lin Feng forget to change water .A . to notB . dontC. notD. not to【拔

37、高】The little girl was too frightened a word.A. not to tellB. not to say C. to tellD. to sayHe told us that where a picnic was not decided yet.A. havingB. to haveC. haveD. hadWe don t know it next. Let s go and ask Mr. Li.A. what to doB. to do whatC. whether to doD. to do whether答案及解析A.本题考查省略to的不定式。m

38、ake sb. do sth.表示 使某人做某事，make表示 使、让” 的意思，是使役动词，后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选 AoA.本题考查动词不定式与疑问词连用的情况。依据上句明天我将做一个讲演”，我正考虑讲什么，是说的内容，应选 what。C、D语序不对。故只能选 AoB. had better后接动词原形，排除 A、D;其否定结构为：had better not do sth.同时要注意代词放在 wake up的中间。B.依据题意：去 McDonalds吃烤鸡怎么样？用不定式表示目的，故选 B。C. make a contribution to表示 为作贡献”，其中to为介词，

39、后应接名词或动名词。A.作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意 义。故选A。D.本题考查动词不定式作宾补。动词不定式的否定结构为：not to do sth.故选D。D.本题考查不定式作状语表结果。too.to.表示 如此 以致不能 ，。故应选D。B.考查不定式做宾语补足语的用法。句意他告诉我还没有决定去什么地方野炊”。选B。C.考查句式疑问词+不定式”结构。what to do后不跟it; whether to do.意为是否 做”，句意为 我们不知道下一步是否做，去问一下李先生吧”。故选C。课程小结本节课主要讲解了非谓语动词中动词不定式的用法。包括动词不

40、定式作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句法功能以及不定式与疑问词连用、不定式省略to的一些用法。其中，同学们要重点掌握不定式作主语、宾语、宾补的用法，还有常见不定式作宾语和宾语补足语的一些动词，以及动词不定式省略to的情况。近年中考对语法点的考查往往是与语境想结合，因此，同学在做题时要结合语境来分析 题目，灵活地运用语法知识。课后作业【基础】Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time what you like every day.A. doB. to doC. doingD. done.We can make

41、a fire the room warm so that we can chat for a while.A. to keepB. keepingC. keepD. kept.We cant work out the physics problem. Can you tell us ?A . how to doB. what to do itC. how to do itD. what should to do.-Dont forget your homework , John.-OK. Ill do right now.A . doing B . do C. to do D. to be done【巩固】.At last the boy was made and began to laugh.A . stop cryingB. to stop to cryC. to stop cryingD. stop to cryf prices rise too high, the government has to do something it.A . stopB . s