应化专业英语

1、 应掌握的词和技术用语decompose分解；腐烂hardness硬度vaporpressure蒸汽压meltingpoint熔点boilingpoint沸点structure结构Lesson1.Element元素；（单，基）元composition组成evaporate蒸发；使脱水sample样品；实例appearance出现；外观thermometer温度计sodiumchloride氯化钠Lesson2valenceelectron价电子chemicalbond化学键ionicbond离子键covalentbond共价键configuration构型；排列；组态electronegati

2、vity电负性electrostaticforce电价键；离子键polarsolvent极性溶剂noblegas稀有气体electronpair电子对bondingelectron成键电子positivecharge正电荷negativecharge负电荷dipolemoment偶极矩Lesson3Acid酸Base碱metallicoxide甲基橙electrolyte电解质chemicalformula化学式acidanhydride酸酐acidradical酸根proton质子hydroniumion氢氧离子，氢氧根ionization离子化；电离coordinatebond配位键int

3、ermolecularforce分子作用力volatility挥发度viscosity粘度surfacetension表面张力solubility溶解度dipole-dipoleforce偶极-偶极力，取向力inductionforce诱导力dispersionforce分散力，色散力hydrogenbond氢键polarizability极化率electroniccloud电子云nonbondingelectron最外层电子ether醚aqueoussolution水溶液characterize表征；以.。为特征litmuspaper石蕊试纸indicator指示剂dye染料neutrali

4、zation中和evaporation蒸发crystallattice晶格crystal结晶；晶体Anion阴离子oxidationstate含氧阴离子acidsalt酸式盐basicsalt碱式盐normalsalt中性盐Lesson4Nomenclature命名；术语atomicnumber原子序数Table4.1(exceptforAs,Be,Bi,Ga,Ge,Mo,Se,Sn,W)Table4.2ligand配合基；配体carbonyl羰基；羰基合（物）Table1NamesofSomeCommonElementsSymbolNameSymbolNameSymbolNameAgSilv

5、erCoCobaltNiNickelAlAluminiumCrChromiumOOxygenAsArsenicCuCopperPPhosphorusAugoldFFluorinePbLeadBboronFeIronPdPalladiumBaBariumHHydrogenPtPlatinumBiBismuthHgMercurySSulfurBrBromineIIiodineSeSeleniumCCarbonKPotassiumSiSiliconCaCalciumMgMagnesiumSnTinCdCadmiumMnManganeseTiTitaniumCeCeriumNNitrogenUUran

6、iumClChlorineNaSodiumZnZincTabiejomeCommonJNegativeJonsNameSymbolNameSymbolNitrateNO3-NitriteNO-2CarbonateCO32-SulphiteSO占SulphateSO2-4PhosphitePO33-PhosphatePO3-4ArseniteAsO33-HydrogensulphateHSO-4HydrogensulphiteHSO3-Hydrogencarbonatehco3-Hypo-chloriteClO-ArsenateAsO3-4CyanideCN-IodateIO3-IodideI-

7、ChlorateClO3-FluorideF-ChromateCrO：ChlorideCl-DichromateCrQPBromideBr-PerchlorateClO-4SulphideS2-PermanganateMnO-4OxideO2-AcetateOAc-HydrideH-OxalateC2O42-24HydroxideOH-triplebond叁键olefin（链）烯（烃）fattyacid脂肪酸benzene苯derivatives衍生的；衍生物phenyl苯基naphthalene萘aryl芳基（的）lactone内酯conjugateddoublebond共轭双键functi

8、onalgroup官能团aldehyde（乙）醛ketone酮carboxylicacid羧酸Lesson5Synthesize合成halogen卤素aliphaticcompound脂肪族的化合物alicycliccompound脂环族的化合物aromaticcompound芳香族的化合物heterocycliccompound杂环族的化合物alkylhalide烷基hydrocarbon烃（类），碳氢化合物（类）alkane烷烃alkene烯烃alkyne炔烃acetylene乙炔ethylene乙烯doublebond双键Lesson6Substituent取代基straightchai

9、n直链branchedchain支链Table6.1（C1C20）sidechain侧链mainchain主链cycloalkane环烷烃propylene丙烯1,3-butadiene1，3丁二烯Isoprene异戊二烯vinyl乙烯基allyl烯丙基aromatichydrocarbon芳香烃toluene甲苯xylene二甲苯arene芳烃ortho,meta,para邻，间，对styrene苯乙烯pyridine吡啶pyrrole吡咯furan呋喃thiophene噻吩Table6.1（C1C20）甲烷methane十一烷undecane乙烷ethane十二烷dodecane丙烷pro

10、pane十三烷tridecane丁烷butane十四烷etradecane戊烷pentane十五烷pentadecane己烷hexane十六烷hexadecane庚烷heptane十七烷heptadecane辛烷octane十八烷octadecane壬烷nonane十九烷nonadecane癸烷decane二十烷eicosaneLesson7parentcompound母体化合物glycol二醇ethyleneglycol乙二醇glycerol甘油；丙三醇ester酯acylhalide酰基卤amide酰胺imide酰亚胺nitrile腈hydroperoxide氢过氧化物imine亚胺per

11、oxide过氧化物phenol苯酚naphthol萘酚hydroquinone氢醌，对苯二酚alkoxygroup烷氧基团tetrahydrofuran四氢呋喃acetone丙酮benzophenone二苯酮adipicacid已二酸phthalicacid邻苯二酸isophthalicacid间苯二酸terephthalicacid对苯二甲酸maleicanhydride顺丁烯二酸N,N-dimethylformamideN,N二甲基甲酰胺Lesson8organometalliccompound有机金属化合物reactivity反应性（能力）synthesis合成nucleophile亲核

12、试剂reduction减少；还原Lesson9polymer高分子化合物plastics塑料fiber纤维Nylon尼龙，聚酰胺纤维Macromolecule大分子Monomer单体polymerization聚合（反应）mechanism机理additionpolymerization加聚；加成聚合condensationpolymerization缩聚反应initiator发起者；引发剂freeradical自由基cation阳离子reactivecenter活化中心esterification酯化（作用）catalyst催化剂Appendix1condenser冷凝器balance天平b

13、eaker烧杯chromatographycolumn层析柱Grignardreagent格氏试剂yield生产，出产，收率stability稳定性conjugatedacid共轭酸chainpolymerization链式聚合steppolymerization逐步聚合silk蚕丝cellulose纤维素leather皮革chemicalmodification化学诱发剂backbonechain主链thermoplasticpolymer热塑性聚合物thermosettingpolymer热固性聚合物elastomer弹性体resin树脂strength强度filament长丝；单丝adh

14、esives黏着的；黏合剂sealant密封剂droppingfunnel滴液漏斗filterpaper滤纸fumehood通风厨graduatedcylinder量筒oilbath油浴pipet移液管rotaryevaporator旋转蒸发器one-neck(round)flask单口烧瓶separatoryfunnel分液漏斗testtube试管two-neck(round)flask三口烧瓶；二颈瓶thermometer恒温箱three-neckflask三颈烧瓶oven烤箱waterbath水浴Lesson10recipe处方，配方thinlayerchromatography(TLC

15、)薄层色谱purity纯净；纯度stationaryphase固定相mobilephase流动相polarity极性baseline基线highperformanceliquidchromatography高效液相层析法flowrate流量detector检测器refractiveindex折光指数retentiontime停留时间qualitativeanalysis定性分析quantitativeanalysis定量分析calibration校准，标定gaschromatography气相色谱adsorption吸附(作用)resolution分辨率，(能力)massspectrometry质谱仪spectrum光谱ultravioletspectroscopy紫外线光谱chromophore发色团nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy核磁共振光谱法Lesson11apparatus仪器simpledistillation简单蒸馏fractionaldistillation分馏vacuumdistillation真空蒸馏purification提纯Lesson12extraction提取；萃取kerosene煤油paraffin石蜡lubricatingoil润滑油coaltar煤焦油activitycoefficient活