医学免疫学英文版课件：chapter 1 Introduction

1、Medical ImmunologyIntroductionImmunology historyOutline of Medical Immunology conception of immunity function of immunity types of immunity composition of immune systemAbout Our book Chap. II Immunology HistoryImmunolgy has a short history ,but human beings have learning it for a very long time:Expe

2、riential periodExperimental periodModern periodExperiential periodplague swept through all over the world:infectious diseases as cholera(霍乱）, diphtheria（白喉）, tuberculosis（结核）, leprosy（麻风病）, typhoid（伤寒症） and arguably the “greatest” of them all, smallpox（天花）I. Experiential periodIn 430BC, Thucydides (

3、修西得底斯） documented ：those who survived an attack (including himself) did not experience the plague again. Chinese medical practitioners : variolationvariolation1796，Jennar: occupational exposure to cowpox prevents smallpox-vaccinationThey should be vaccinated firstWhy do they not want to play with my

4、 kids?II. Experimental period 1.active immunizationNothing known to microorganismLate 1800s :Pauster isolate microorganisms and culture bacterial successfullyKoch infectious diseases caused by microoganisms specific pathogens caused specific disease Pauster anti-colera :1878, old attenuated culture

5、of Chicken cholera anti-anthrax; rabies vaccine - vaccine(attenuated vaccine),vaccintion , active immunizationRobert Koch(1843-1910) Louis Pauster(1822-1895)2.passive immunization1888: Roux and Yersin: exotoxin produced by C. diphtheriae 1891,von Behring & Kitasato: anti-serum -passive immunity anti

6、serum ,antibody(Ab)-antigen(Ag) serologyActive immunity and passive immunity3. Immunochemistry and SerologyLandsteiner: Ag and EpitopeSpecific response between Ag and Ab -diagnosisABO blood typeAb is golubin Molecular structure of Ab: 4 peptides4.hypothesis for the formation of antibodiestemplates p

7、ostulate (lock and key)natural selection postulate 1959, Burnet: Clonal selection theory Clone: a group cells that stem from identical cell Various clonesClone deletionClone selectionbirthClonal selection theoryThere are various lymphocyte clone,each of them bears a single type of Ag receptor of uni

8、que specificity.Ag receptorAgs specific interactions lead to lymphocytes activation (proliferated ), then produce both Ab and memory cells.-clone selection Those clones whose receptor can recognize self will be destroyed or learn to tolerance to self Ags (forbidden clones) at early stage.clone delet

9、ionforbidden clones can be revival and cause antoimmunity.5.mechanism of immune response(Is)Humoral immunity (HI)-Erlich: antitoxin( Ab )Cellular immunity (CMI)-Macchnitoff : Microoganisms engulfed and destroyed by phagocytic cells1903, Wright & Dauglas: 6. Immune-pathology & Immune diseaseKoch phen

10、omenonHypersensitivity( allergy) autoimmune disease Immunodeficiency III Modern stage 1.Immunology became a independent science Immune System? 1957,Glick: Chicken without bursa can not produce Ab-B cells 1961,Good and Miller: cell mediated immune of new born mice whose thymus were taken away are def

11、ective.Bruce Glick and Charlie ChangImmune System:immune organ : central immune organ: bone marrow(bursa) B cells thymus T cells peripheral immune organ: spleen, lymph node , mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue,(MALT) immune cells : T cell-cellular immunity B cell-humoral immunity2.development of Imm

12、unologyStudy on antibody: structure, Ab diversitymonoclonal antibodyStudy on immune genetics :MHCTCR (T cell receptor)BCR(B cell receptor) MHC-IMHC- IIa2a3a1b1b2b2ma1a2肽结合单位Ig样单位跨膜单位MHC 分子 处理并展示抗原内在信息的“播放系统”Jean Dauset 1916-, Nobel Prize 1970 for study on immunogenetics TCR and BCR 3.Other developme

13、nts Cytokine Adhesion molecules Immune tolerance Apoptosis Protein engineer Cell signal transductionGene transfer animal and Gene knockout animal Chap. II Outline of Medical ImmunologyI. Concept of immunity1) Traditional concept-anti-infection2) New conceptImmunitiy is a kind of physical reaction af

14、ter the antigen enters into some individual, in which immune system recognizes and confirms whether the antigen is self or non-self, then produces a specific immune response or was induced to be tolerance. normally beneficial sometime injurious II.Functions of immunity1)immunologic defence2) immunol

15、ogic homeostasis3) immunologic surveillancePhenotypes of immune functionfunctions normal phenotype abnormal phenotypeImmunologic Defence anti-infection hypersensitivity immunodeficiency ImmunologicHomeostasis eliminate injured autoimmue disease or died cellsImmunologicSurveillance discern mutant cel

16、l tumor or - (anti-tumor ) consecutive infection prevent consecutive infection III. Types of immunity Innate immunity (or natural immunity/ non-specific immunity )Adaptive Immunity (or acquired immunity/specific immunity) 1. Innate immunity Protection against infections that relies on that exist bef

17、ore infection,are capable of rapid response to microbes,and react in essentially to repeat infections.1.Characteristics set up at birth non specific heredity racial or species difference(no difference among individuals) no immune memory 2.Composition 1) Barriersmechanical defense: (skin & mucous mem

18、brane, blood-brain barrier, blood-placental barrier, Normal flora barrier ) Biophysical defense(heat, acid) 2) humoral factors: complement, interferon(IFN) , lysozyme 3) phagocyte: macrophage , polymorphonuclear netriphiles( PMN) 浆细胞粒细胞单核细胞巨噬细胞T细胞B细胞免疫球蛋白补体细胞因子- 真菌 - 细菌 - 支原 衣原 立克次体 - 病毒 - 蠕虫 - 原虫 胃

19、 小肠 呼吸道 皮肤2. Adaptive immunity 1) characteristics: Set up after birth Specificity Non-heredity Difference among the individuals Immune memory(Immune response was enhanced by the second stimulate of the same antigen) Can be transferred 2) compositioncellular immunity: T cell humoral immunity: B cell IV. Composition of immune systemImmune organsImmunocytesImmune molecule1. immune organ : central immune organ:(sites where immune cells produce, differentiate and mature ) bone marrow(bursa) B cells thymus T cells peripheral immune organ:(ites where immunocytes live