医学免疫学英文教学课件：chapter 2 Research and Development Strategies of Modern Immunology

1、1Chapter 2 Research and Development Strategies of Modern Immunology2ContentsPart Concept of immunity and its functions and manifestationsPart Innate immunity and adaptive immunity Part Hot spots in research and strategies of modern immunologyPart Concept of immunity and its functions and manifestati

2、ons 1. Traditional concept of immunityTraditional concept: anti-infectionThe substances induce immune responseFriend or foe? Janus face of immunity 2. Definition of Immunity The ability of the immune system that can recognizeand eliminate the antigenic non-self substancesis called immunity. .Recogni

3、ze “self” or “non self” .Normally is beneficial to the body .Sometime injurious 3. Functions of immunity(1)immune defense(2) immune homeostasis(3) immune surveillancePhenotypes of immune functionImmune FunctionsNormal ManifestationsAbnormal ManifestationsImmune defenseResisting invasion of pathogens

4、Neutralizing toxinsHypersensitivityImmunodeficiency diseasesimmune homeostasisClearance of Foreign Antigenic SubstancesImmune tolerance to self-componentsImmune dysfunctionAutoimmune diseasesimmune surveillanceKilling transformed cellsControlling persistent infectionTumorPersistent viral infectionPa

5、rt Innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity (or natural immunity/non-specific immunity) . Adaptive Immunity (or acquired immunity/specific immunity) Its referred to the protection against infections that relies on the ability that exists before birth, and capable of rapid response to m

6、icrobes.Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infection. I. Innate immunity1. CharacteristicsSet up at birthNonspecificNo immune memory Heredity Few differences between individuals of the same species. Racial or species difference2. Composition(1) Barrier system Physical barrierAnatom

7、ic barrierBiological barrier(2) Non-specific immunocytesNatural killer cells (NK)PhagocytesDendritic cells (DCT cellsB1 cells(3) Humoral factors Complement Interferon (IFN) Lysozyme Cytokine Chemokine . Adaptive immunity Specific immunityAcquired immunity 1. CharactristicsSpecificityAcquired (set up

8、 after birth )Immune memory (Immune response can be enhanced by the second stimulation of the same antigen) TransferredSelf-restriction2. Composition Humoral immunity: B cell plasma cell AbCellular immunity: T cell cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) Adaptive immunity: a process that antigen specific lymph

9、ocytes recognize the antigens specifically, then activate (or lose their ability to be activated), proliferate, differentiate and play immunological effects.3. The process of immune response1) Antigen recognition 2) Activation and proliferation of T/B cells3) Effective stage 1) Antigen recognitionAP

10、C present Ag to T cells T/B cells recognize Ag by TCR/BCR T cells do not recognise native antigensYYBYYYYYYYBYTYTProliferation and antibody productionNo proliferationNo cytokine releaseCross-linking of surface membrane IgYBYBYBYBYBYBYBCell surfacepeptidesof AgAntigens must be processed in orderto be

11、 recognised by T cellsYT T cellresponseNo T cellresponseNo T cellresponseNo T cellresponseNo T cellresponseSolublenative AgCell surfacenative AgSoluble peptidesof AgCell surface peptides of Ag presented by cells that express MHC antigensANTIGENPROCESSINGAPC2) Activation of T/B cellsProliferation (cl

12、onal expansion)DifferentiationMemory T/B cells (Tm/Bm)3) Effective stage T cells (CMI) - Sensitized T cells kill the target cell specifically - Lymphokines(Lks) induce inflammation B cells plasma cell Ab (HI) 4. The law of the adaptive immunity response The Law of primary and secondary responsesDays

13、 after immunityRatio of specific T cells in blood感应阶段Primary immunitySecondary immunity1/100001/10001/1000 7 14 21 28 35 42 Principle of T cell mediated immune response Immunological memoryPart Hot spots in research and strategies of modern immunology . Fundamental Immunology 1. Immune system 2. Stu

14、dy on antibody: . Structure of Ig . Ab diversity . Monoclonal antibody (McAb/ mAb) 3. Study on immunogenetics: TCR, BCR, MHC 4. Other developments Cytokine Adhesion molecules Immune tolerance Apoptosis Protein engineer Cell signal transduction Gene transfer animal and Gene knockout animal . Clinical and Applied ImmunologyTransplantationTumor Immunology Autoimmunity Immunity to