临床医学英语教学课件：Unit 5Coronary Artery Disease

1、Unit 5 Coronary Artery DiseaseImportant Combining Forms1. ather(o)-: gruel, paste2. scler(o)-: sclera; hardness3. embol(o)-: embolus4. thromb(o)-: thrombus5. lip(o)-: fat6. chyl(o)-: chylusAtherosclerosis OverviewDefinitionAtherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty material collects along the wal

2、ls of arteries. This fatty material thickens, hardens, and may eventually block the arteries.Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis. The two terms are often used to mean the same thing.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsAtherosclerosis is a common disorder of the arteries. It occurs when fat,

3、 cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries and form hard substances called plaque.Eventually, the plaque deposits can make the artery narrow and less flexible. This makes it harder for blood to flow. If the coronary arteries become narrow, blood flow to the heart can slow d

4、own or stop, causing chest pain (stable angina), shortness of breath, heart attack, and other symptoms.Pieces of plaque can break apart and move through the bloodstream. This is a common cause of heart attack and stroke. Blood clots can also form around the plaque deposits. Clots block blood flow. I

5、f the clot moves into the heart, lungs, or brain, it can cause a stroke, heart attack, or pulmonary embolism.Risk factors for atherosclerosis include:Diabetes High blood pressure High cholesterol High-fat diet Obesity Personal or family history of heart disease SmokingSymptoms of AtherosclerosisUnfo

6、rtunately, atherosclerosis produces no symptoms until the damage to the arteries is severe enough to restrict blood flow. Restriction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to atherosclerosis can cause angina pectoris or a myocardial infarction (a heart attack). Restriction of blood flow to the muscl

7、es of the legs causes intermittent claudication（跛行）(pains in the legs brought about by walking and relieved by rest). Narrowing of the arteries supplying blood to the brain may cause transient ischemic attacks (symptoms and signs of a stroke lasting less than 24 hours) and episodes of dizziness, or

8、ultimately, to a stroke itself.PreventionThe following lifestyle changes can help prevent atherosclerosis:Eat a low-fat, low-cholesterol, and low-salt diet. Eat fish. Adding fish to the diet at least twice a week has been shown to be helpful. Do not fry the fish, as this destroys the benefit. If you

9、 dont like to eat fish, try a fish oil supplement. Exercise 30 minutes every day. If you are overweight, you should get 60 to 90 minutes of exercise a day. Lose weight if you are overweight. Stop smoking. Mild to moderate consumption of alcohol or wine (1-2 drinks per day) may also reduce the risk o

10、f cardiovascular events. Too much alcohol, however, does more harm than good. If you have one or more risk factors for heart attack or stroke, ask your doctor if you should take aspirin every day. Aspirin can help some people reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.Atherosclerosis is a disease o

11、f the arteries in which fatty material and plaque are deposited in the wall of an artery, resulting in narrowing of the arterial lumen and eventual impairment of blood flow. Atherosclerosis can affect any artery in the body, including arteries in the heart, brain, arms, legs, and pelvis. As a result

12、, different diseases may develop based on which arteries are affected. Coronary artery disease (CAD). This is when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart. When blood flow to your heart is reduced or blocked, it can lead to chest pain and hear

13、t attack. CAD also is called heart disease, and its the leading cause of death in the United States. Carotid (ka-ROT-id) artery disease. This happens when plaque builds up in the carotid arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your brain. When blood flow to your brain is reduced or bloc

14、ked, it can lead to stroke. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This occurs when plaque builds up in the major arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the legs, arms, and pelvis. When blood flow to these parts of your body is reduced or blocked, it can lead to numbness, pain, and sometimes dangerou

15、s infections. Developmental process of atherosclerosis The development of arterial atherosclerosis may occur when deposits of cholesterol and plaque accumulate at a tear in the inner lining of an artery. As the deposits harden and occlude the arterial lumen, blood flow to distant tissues decreases a

16、nd a clot may become lodged, completely blocking the artery. Atherosclerosis is a process by which fat and calcium build up in the inner lining of the arteries, forming a plaque. Over time, this buildup narrows the artery and interferes with or blocks blood flow through the artery.Coronary artery di

17、sease is atherosclerosis in the heart (coronary) arteries; peripheral arterial disease of the legs is atherosclerosis in the leg arteries. If atherosclerosis affects the brain arteries (carotid or cerebral arteries), a stroke can occur. Atherosclerosis is hardening and narrowing of the arteries caus

18、ed by the accumulation of fatty deposits (plaques) and other substances. A blood clot also may form at the site, completely blocking your artery and causing a heart attack. Atherosclerosis of the extremitiesAtherosclerosis of the extremities is a disease of the peripheral blood vessels that is chara

19、cterized by narrowing and hardening of the arteries that supply the legs and feet. The narrowing of the arteries causes a decrease in blood flow. Symptoms include leg pain, numbness, cold legs or feet and muscle pain in the thighs, calves or feet.Atherosclerosis results from the accumulation of fat and cholesterol in the artery wall, leading to plaque th