固定平台、走道、楼梯与梯子的设计、施工与安装培训资料全

1、 . . 62/63固定平台、走道、楼梯与梯子的设计、施工与安装培训资料 日期：Australian Standard澳大利亚标准Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders Design, construction and installation固定平台、走道、楼梯与梯子的设计、施工与安装This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee SF/13, Platforms, Gangways, Stairways and Ladders. It was approved on behalf

2、 of the Council of Standards Australia on 9 September 1992 and published on 16 November 1992.本澳大利亚标准是由SF/13平台、通道、楼梯与梯子委员会编制的。1992年9月经澳大利亚标准委员会通过，1992年11月16日出版。The following interests are represented on Committee SF/13:SF/13委员会由以下单位参加：Aluminium Development Council铝业发展委员会Bureau of Steel Manufacturers

3、of Australia 澳大利亚钢铁制造局Confederation of Australian Industry澳大利亚工业联合会Department of Employment, Vocational Education, Training and Industrial Relations, Qld昆士就业、职业教育、培训与劳资关系部Department of Labour and Industry, Tas.塔斯马尼亚州劳工部Master Builders 建筑商协会Construction and Housing Association of Australia澳大利亚建筑与住房协会

4、Pacific Power太平洋电力公司Public Works Department, N.S.W.新南威尔士州公共工程部Royal Australian Institute of Architects皇家澳大利亚建筑师协会Water Board, Sydney-Illawarra-Blue Mountains 水理事会，悉尼-伊拉瓦拉-蓝山流域WorkCover Authority of New South Wales新南威尔州工伤保险局Review ofAustralian Standards. To keep abreast ofprogress in industry, Austra

5、lian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.澳大利亚标准的评审。为了保持标准与工业发展同步，澳大利亚标准需要定期进行评审并发布

6、修订本，必要时出版新的版本以保持更新。因此，标准使用者使用的版本必须是最新版本，同时需要使用所有修正版本的容。澳大利亚标准的评审：为了保持与工业进步接轨，澳大利亚标准接受定期评审，并通过发行修正内容或新版本（必要时）来保持最新。因此本标准的使用者可以确信其使用的是最新版本以与版本修正内容。Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is s

7、upplemented each month by the magazine The Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.澳大利亚标准局出版的标准目录收集了所有澳大利亚标准的详细信息和相应出版物，此信息每月在杂志澳大利亚标准上进行补充说明，已订阅会员会收到此杂志，另外该杂志还会介绍新出版物、新版本和修订本以与废止标准的详

8、细信息。有关所有澳大利亚标准的详细信息和相关出版物可以参见“澳大利亚标准出版目录”；每月出版的澳大利亚标准会对上述信息做出补充。订阅此月刊的读者可从这本杂志中了解到新出版物、新版本和修正内容以与已撤销标准的详情。Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standa

9、rd should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.我们欢迎提出有关改进澳大利亚标准方面的建议，欢迎写信到澳大利亚标准局。如发现澳大利亚标准存在任何不准确或含糊不清的容，请与时告诉我们以便我们做出调查并采取适当措施。欢迎对澳大利亚标准提出的改进建议，可寄往澳大利亚标准局总公司。若发现澳大利亚标准中出现任何错误或含糊之处，请立即通知我们，以便我方调查问题并采取适当措施。This Standard was issued in draft f

10、orm for comment as DR 90065.本标准作为DR 90065草案发布，以征求意见。Australian Standard澳大利亚标准Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders Design, construction and installation固定平台、走道、楼梯与梯子的设计、施工与安装First published as AS CA10-1938.首次刊印作为AS CA 10-1938Second edition 1963. Third edition 1966. Fourth edition 1971第二版1

11、963年，第三版1966年，第四版1971年. Revised and redesignated AS 1657-1974.修订后并重新命名为AS 1657-1974Second edition 1985. Third edition 1992.第二版1985年，第三版1992年PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140澳大利亚标准局（澳大利亚标准协会）出版地址：1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140

12、PREFACE序言This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Platforms, Gangways, Stairways and Ladders, to supersede AS 1657-1985.本标准由平台、通道、楼梯和梯子澳大利亚标准委员会编制，取代AS 1657-1985标准。Changes to the Standard include 本标准做出的修改包括-reducing the minimum wall thickness of steel piping which may be us

13、ed;降低了可能使用的钢管的最小壁厚。incorporating a minimum tensile yield stress requirement for aluminium alloys;加入对铝合金最小拉伸屈服应力的要求。deleting references to specific aluminium alloys and tempers;删去对特殊特定铝合金与韧度调和物的介绍引述。updating the dimensions of steel sections other than piping, to reflect current manufacturing practice

14、s; and根据现行有效的制造规，更新除钢管道外的型钢尺寸，以求反映当前制造规范；以与provision of test methods to determine the integrity of guardrail systems, and the strength of the connection between guardrail posts and the supporting structure.提供规定了测定护栏系统完整性以与护栏立柱与支撑结构之间接点连接强度的方法。 Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA归澳大利亚标准局Users of Standards

15、are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted

16、by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia.提醒使用标准的用户注意，澳大利亚标准局所有出版物和软

17、件均受保护。除非法规定或满足以下条件外，在未获得澳大利亚标准局书面许可的前提下，任何人不得翻制澳大利亚标准局发行的出版物或软件，也不得以任何形式储存在检索系统中或经任何形式传播。许可可能附有一定条件或支付适量特约使用金。许可申请与商业软件相关信息请直接呈报至澳大利亚标准局总公司。Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Sta

18、ndard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia.澳大利亚标准局允许本标准购买方可以复制标准中10%的技术容以便部使用，无需支付或告知标准局。Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by

19、the creators of the programs.澳大利亚标准局还允许软件开发者将受保护的资料包含入电脑软件程序中，无需支付特约使用金，前提是此类软件专供开发者部使用。Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefo

20、re be clearly identified.应注意确保所用材料来自本标准最新版，且注意在本标准修正或修订时更新材料。因此已明确指出本标准的编号与日期。The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards

21、 Australia at any time.通过复印形式或在商业软件程序（有偿或无偿）中火灾商业合同中使用本材料，均须支付版税。澳大利亚标准局可随时更改此规定。CONTENTS目录Page页码SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL第一章围和概述总则1.1SCOPE 围41.2 APPLICATION 适用用途41.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS参考文献41.4DEFINITIONS 定义5SECTION 2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN, MATERIALS AND WELDING第二章结构设计、原料与焊接2.1DESIGN 设计72.2 MATERIAL

22、S 原料72.3 WELDING 焊接8SECTION 3PLATFORMS, CONTINUOUS WALKWAYS, AND STEPS WITH LANDINGS第三章平台、连续走道与带平台的阶梯3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 一般要求93.2 PROTECTION AT SIDES, ENDS, EDGES, AND OPENINGS 侧边、端部、边缘和开口处的防护. . . .93.3DESIGN 设计103.4 GUARDRAILING 护栏10SECTION 4 STAIRWAYS第四章楼梯4.1 WIDTH AND ANGLE OF SLOPE 宽度和坡度12

23、4.2FLIGHTS 梯段124.3STAIRS 楼梯124.4 LANDINGS 梯段平台124.5 GUARDRAILING 护栏124.6 HANDRAILING 扶手12SECTION 5 FIXED LADDERS第五章固定梯子5.1CLEARANCES 间距155.2 ACCESS THROUGH HORIZONTAL OPENINGS 通过水平开口进入155.3 LADDER LANDINGS 梯段平台155.4 GUARDRAILING 护栏155.5STEP LADDERS踏板式梯子175.6 RUNG LADDERS踏棍式梯子175.7 INDIVIDUAL-RUNG LA

24、DDERS (STEP-IRONS)梯级固定的梯子（阶梯脚踏）21APPENDICES附录ATYPICAL COMPONENT DIMENSIONS AND SPACINGS FOR GUARDRAILING常见元件规格常见构件尺寸和护栏间距26BTESTING OF GUARDRAIL POSTS 护栏立柱试验28CTESTING OF GUARDRAILS 护栏试验29STANDARDS AUSTRALIA澳大利亚标准局Australian Standard澳大利亚标准Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways, and ladders Design, con

25、struction and installation固定平台、走道、楼梯和梯子的设计、施工与安装SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL第一章围与概述总则1.1 SCOPE This Standard sets out requirements for the design, construction, and installation of fixed platforms, walkways, stairways, and ladders which are intended to provide means of safe access to and safe working

26、 at places normally used by operating, inspection, maintenance, and servicing personnel.围。本标准规定了固定平台、走道、楼梯和梯子的设计、施工和安装的要求。这些设施旨在为操作、检查、维修和服务人员提供安全进入工作场所并在其中安全工作的方式。The Standard does not apply to situations where special provision is made in appropriate building or other regulations, e.g. means of es

27、cape from fire. Requirements for portable ladders are not included in this Standard.本标准不适用于已对于为相应建筑物已提供了特殊设备或做出其他规定的情况，比如火灾逃生方式。本标准也不包含对便携式梯子的要求。1.2 APPLICATION The design, construction, and installation of a platform, walkway, stairway, or ladder shall comply with the appropriate requirements of Se

28、ction 2 and the specific requirements for the type of structure, as follows:适用用途。平台、走道、楼梯或梯子的设计、施工和安装必须符合第二章相关规定以与以下对结构类型的特定要求：Platforms and walkways: Section 3.平台和走道：第三章Stairways: Section 4.楼梯：第四章Fixed ladders: Section 5.固定梯子：第五章The application of the relevant Sections and the limits of slope are i

29、llustrated in Figure 1.1.相关各章的适用围以与对坡度的限定极限见表1.1。Where it is not reasonably practicable to meet the full requirements of this Standard, advice should be sought from the regulatory authority.若现实中无法满足本标准全部要求不合理可行，则应向管理机构寻求意见。NOTES:注释：注：1Some structures and vehicles will be unable to comply with all th

30、e requirements of this Standard. Special structures include radiomasts, towers, portable on farm light-weight silos, and the like. Vehicles include road tankers, waste disposal trucks, and the like.一些结构和车辆无法满足本标准所有要求。特殊结构包括天线杆、塔、以与农场便携式轻质筒仓等类似结构。车辆包括油罐车公路罐车、垃圾车与类似车辆。2Structures and vehicles which ar

31、e unable to comply with all the requirements of this Standard should comply with the relevantdesign Codes for loading.不能满足本标准所有要求的结构和车辆应符合相关的荷载规设计。1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard: 参考文献。本标准参考文献如下：AS澳大利亚标准1170SAA Loading Code SAA荷载规1170.1Part 1: Dead a

32、nd live loads and load combinations 第1部分：静荷载和活荷载以与组合荷载1170.2 Part 2: Wind loads第2部分：风力载荷荷载1192Electroplated coatings Nickel and chromium静电涂层-镍与铬1538SAA Cold-formed Steel Structures Code SAA 冷成型钢规1554SAA Structural Steel Welding Code SAA 钢材焊接规1554.1Part 1: Welding of steel structures第1部分钢材钢结构的焊接1604P

33、reservative treatment for sawn timber, veneer and plywood锯材、饰面和胶合板的防腐处理1650Hot-dipped galvanized coatings on ferrous articles铁制品的热浸镀锌层1664SAA Aluminium Structures Code SAA 铝结构规1665SAA Aluminium Welding Code SAA 铝焊接规1720SAA Timber Structures Code SAA 木结构规1720.1 Part 1: Design methods第1部分设计方法1734Alumi

34、nium and aluminium alloys Flat sheet, coiled sheet and plate铝和铝合金-平板薄板、带状薄板卷板和盘和钢板1782Flooring milled from Australian-grown conifers (softwoods) (excluding radiata pine and cypress pine)由澳洲松树（软木材，除了辐射松和柏木）制成的地板。1789Electroplated coatings Zinc on iron or steel静电涂层电镀层-铁或钢上涂镀锌1790Electroplated coatings

35、 Cadmium on iron or steel电镀层静电涂层-铁或钢上镀涂镉1810Flooring milled from cypress pine柏木地板1866Aluminium and aluminium alloys Extruded rod, bar, solid and hollow shapes铝和铝合金-挤压棒材、条材，固体和中空型1892Portable ladders便携式梯子1892.2 Part 2: Timber第2部分：木材2105Inorganic zinc silicate paint无机硅酸锌涂料2269Structural plywood结构胶合板27

36、96Timber Seasoned hardwood Milled products木材-经干硬木-研磨磨碎制品3600Concrete structures混凝土结构SAA Masonry CodeSAA 砌石规3990(Int)Steelwork for engineering applications工程用钢架4024Safeguarding of machinery机器的防护4024.1 (Int)Part 1: General principles第1部分：总则Steel structures钢结构1：21：2.71：8踏板式梯子踏辊式梯子非安全区带平台的阶梯楼梯带盖子或栅格的走道走

37、道第五章第三章第四章表1.1 坡度限制极限1.4 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply.定义。为达本标准采用之目的，下列定义适用：1.4.1 Accepted accepted by the authority having jurisdiction.公认-获得权力机构认可。1.4.2 Floor the surface of a platform, walkway, or landing.地板-平台、走道或梯段平台的表面。1.4.3 Going in a stair, the hor

38、izontal distance from the nosing of one tread to the nosing of the next tread. 级距-相邻踏板的突沿之间的水平距离。1.4.4 Guardrailing a structure to prevent persons from falling off any platform, walkway or landing.护栏-防止人员从平台、走道或梯段平台上跌落的结构。1.4.5 Handrail a rail to provide handhold on a platform, walkway, stairway, or

39、 step ladder. It may form part of a guardrailing.扶手-平台、走道、楼梯或踏板式梯子上供人抓握的围栏，可为护栏的一部分。1.4.6 Individual-rung ladder a ladder without stiles, each rung of which is individually attached to a structure or equipment.梯级固定的梯子-没有梯框的梯子，每一级踏棍分别固定在结构或设备上。1.4.7 Ladder a structure with treads or rungs, with or wi

40、thout stiles and handrails. 梯子-带有踏板或踏辊的结构，不管有没有梯框和扶手。1.4.8 Ladder cage a fixed enclosure which encircles the climbing space of a ladder.梯笼-环绕梯子攀登空间的固定围笼。1.4.9 Landing a level area used to provide access to a stairway or ladder, or located at an intermediate level in a system of stairways or ladders.

41、梯段平台-楼梯或梯子入口的水平面，或位于为一套楼梯或梯子系统的中介平面中间高度层上。1.4.10 Nosing the rounded edge of the tread projecting over the riser.突沿突出于楼梯竖板的踏板的圆形边缘。1.4.11 Pipe a tubular product made as a production item for sale. It may be round, oval, square, or rectangular in section.管-一类管材，作为产品生产出售，截面可为圆形、椭圆、方形或矩形。NOTE: For the p

42、urpose of this Standard, the word pipe is synonymous with tube or structural hollow section (circular, square, or rectangular) although these words are used for different types of products by different industries.注释：注：为达到本标准的目的中，“管”一词与“管子”或“管节”结构空心型钢（圆形、方形或矩形）同义。不过但这些术语在不同行业中用于内指的是不同类型的产品。1.4.12 Pla

43、tform an area provided for access or working, which is elevated above the surrounding floor or level.平台-用于通行或工作的区域，高于周围地板或平面。1.4.13 Reasonably practicable practicable having regard to 适度可行是否可行与以下情况有关the severity of the hazard or risk in question;可疑的危害或风险的严重性the state of knowledge about that hazard o

44、r risk, and any ways of removing or mitigating that hazard or risk;对于此类危害或风险的了解程度，以与消除或减轻危险或风险的方式的了解程度；the availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate that hazard or risk; and消除或减轻危险或风险的方法的有效性和适当性；以与the cost of removing or mitigating that hazard or risk.消除或减轻危害或风险的代价成本。1.4.14 Regulato

45、ry authority a Minister of the Crown, a government department, commission or other authority having power to issue regulations, orders or other instructions having the force of law in respect of any subject covered by this Standard.管理机构-对于本标准中所有规定，有权发布规章、命令或其他拥有法律效力的指示的皇室大臣阁阁员、政府部门、委员会或其他法定或政府机构。1.4

46、.15 Rise the vertical height from the top of one tread to the top of the next; also refers to the total height of a flight or series of flights, taken from the top of one floor to the top of the next floor.板高-从踏板顶端到下一踏板顶端的垂直高度，也指梯段或一系列梯段的总高度，从地板到下一地板顶端的距离为准。1.4.16 Rung ladder a ladder consisting of

47、stiles and rungs. 踏辊式梯子-由梯框和踏辊组成的梯子。1.4.17 Shall indicates that a statement is mandatory.必须-表示一段述为命令式的。1.4.18 Should indicates a recommendation.应当-表示一个建议。1.4.19 Stairway a sloping stepped structure having not less than three rises and having a slope within the range of 26.5 degrees to 45 degrees inc

48、lusive.楼梯-一种有坡度带踏步的结构，梯级不少于三级，坡度在26.5度至45度之间（包含）。1.4.20 Step ladder a ladder consisting of stiles, treads and handrails.踏板式梯子-由梯框、踏板和扶手组成的梯子。1.4.21 Stile a side member that supports the treads or rungs of a ladder. The terms side rail, and stringer, are often used synonymously.梯框-支撑梯子踏板或踏辊的侧边构件。“侧板”

49、和“支撑件”常用作其同义词。1.4.22 Walkway a passageway that is either level or sloping from the surrounding floor or level. A walkway may be a continuous structure or steps with landings.走道-一类过道，可为平面或倾斜在周边地板或平面上。走道可为连续结构或带有梯段平台的阶梯。SECTION 2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN, MATERIALS AND WELDING第二章结构设计、原料材料与焊接2.1 DESIGN设计2.1.1

50、 General The design of the structural work comprising the platform, walkways, stairways, ladders, and guardrailing shall comply with the relevant requirements of the following Standards:概论概述总则。包括平台、走道、楼梯、梯子和护栏等结构的设计必须遵守以下标准的相关要求：For aluminium: AS 1664.铝：AS 1664For concrete: AS 3600混凝土：AS 3600.For ma

51、sonry: AS 3700.石材：AS 3700For timber: AS 1720.1.木材：AS 1729.1For steel: AS 1538, AS 3990(Int) or AS 4100.钢：AS 1538，AS 3900（INT）或AS 41002.1.2 Design loadings设计荷载2.1.2.1 Floors Floors shall be designed for the dead load of the structure plus a superimposed live loading of not less than 2.5 kPa uniformly

52、 distributed, or a concentrated loading of not less than 1 kN at any point, whichever produces the most adverse effect.地板。地板的设计荷载必须为该结构的静荷载加上不少于2.5kPa均匀分布的迭加活荷载，或者是施加在能够承载对任一点处集中施加不少于1000N的集中荷载负荷，以造成最坏影响的为准。Where the floor of the platform or walkway or landing is likely to be loaded in excess of the

53、 above requirements, the design loading shall be based on the requirements of AS 1170.1.若平台、走道或梯段平台的地板有可能承受载超出上述要求的荷载负荷，则设计荷载必须以AS 1170.1标准的要求为基础。In special cases, where large floor areas or concentrated loads (or both) have to be considered, variation of the design load specified above may be refer

54、red to the regulatory authority.对于必须考虑大型地板面积或集中载荷荷载（或两者）的特例，对以上指明的设计荷载所作的更改应当咨询管理机构。2.1.2.2 Guardrails The guardrailing shall be designed to withstand whichever of the following live loadings produces the most adverse effect:护栏。护栏设计必须使其能够承受以下任一活荷载造成的最坏影响：A force of 550 N acting outwards or downwards

55、 at any point on the top rail, edge or post. 550牛的作用力向外或向下施加在护栏顶端、边缘或立柱的任何一点的 550N作用力。A force of 330 N per linear metre acting outwards or downwards on the top rail or edge. Where appropriate, wind loadings in accordance with AS 1170.2 shall be added to the above live loadings.每延米330牛的作用力向外或向下施加在护栏顶

56、端或边缘每延米330N的作用力。如果可以的话若适当，必须在上述活荷载上增加符合AS 1170.2标准的风力载荷载。Where extra severe loading conditions are likely to be encountered, i.e. at points of assembly or where mechanical equipment is used, the guardrailings shall be designed in accordance with the loading conditions set out in AS 1170.1 and AS 117

57、0.2.若可能遭遇极为苛刻的载荷荷载条件，比如在装配点或使用机械设备的区域，则护栏的设计必须遵照AS 1170.1和AS 1170.2规定的载荷荷载条件来设计护栏。NOTES:注释：注：1Recommended minimum dimensions for typical components of guardrailing comprising posts and rails are given in Appendix A.包括立柱和横杆在的护栏常见构件的建议最小尺寸请见附录A。2Recommended maximum spacing of posts dependent on the ma

58、terial or section of the post and the method of fastening are givenin Appendix A.由立柱的材料或截面决定的立柱建议最大间距以与紧固方法请见附录A。3Where the guardrailing may be called upon to restrain people under panic conditions a load of up to 3 kN/m may be exerted.若如果要求用护栏来约束可能回用于抑制处于恐慌状态下的人员，则可以施加护栏应可承受高达3kN/m以下的荷载压力。2.1.2.3 H

59、andrailsEach handrail which is not part of a guardrail shall be designed to withstand the following non-simultaneous forces:扶手。非护栏一部分的任一个扶手必须能够承受以下非同时施加的作用力：A force of 550 N applied outwards at the centre of the span.在跨距中心向外施加550 N作用力。A force of 550 N applied downwards at the centre of the span.在跨距中

60、心向下施加550 N作用力。2.1.2.4 Stairways Stairways and integral landings shall be designed for the dead load of the structure plus a superimposed live loading of not less than 2.5 kPa uniformly distributed. Where the stairs are likely to be loaded in excess of the above requirements, the design loading shall