文学导论杨金才中文版

1、作者与作品：Plato柏拉图 The Republic 理想国Giovanni Boccaccio薄伽丘 Decameron 十日谈 M.D.Cervantes塞万提斯Don Quixote de la Mancha 堂吉诃德Francois Rabelais拉伯雷Gargantua and Pantagruel 巨人传William Congreve威廉.康格里夫Incognita：Or,Love and Duty Reconciled隐姓埋名Daniel Defoe笛福Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记Nathaniel Hawthorne霍桑The Scarlet Letter红

2、字 Young Goodman Brown好小伙布朗Herman Melville赫尔曼.梅尔维尔Moby-Dick鲸（莫比-迪克）Aristotle亚里士多德Poetics诗学Washington Irving欧文Rip Van Winkle拮取花温William Faulkner福克纳A Rose for Emily献给Emily的一朵玫瑰John Updike厄普代克A&PJack London杰克伦敦Call of the Wild野性的呼唤George Orwell奥威尔Animal Farm动物庄园F.Scott Fitzgerald斯科特.菲茨杰拉德The Great Gatsb

3、y了不起的盖茨比J.D.Salinger塞林格The Catcher in the Rye麦田里的守望者E.M.Forster福斯特Aspects of the NovelCharles Dickens狄更斯Great Expectations远大前程（孤星血泪）Kate ChopinThe Story of an HourCharlotte Bront夏洛特.勃朗特Jane Eyre简爱Thomas Hardy托马斯.哈代The Poor Man and the Lady穷人和妇人 Desperate Remedies绝望的补救措施 Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵树下

4、The Hand of Ethebeta Far from the Madding Crowd 远离尘嚣The Return of the Native还乡The Woodlanders The Mayor of Casterbridge布卡卡斯特桥 Tess of the DUrbervilles苔丝 Jude the Obscure无名英雄 The Winter Words冬天的话Charles Dickens狄更斯David Copperfield大卫.科波菲尔 Little Dorritt小杜丽 The Pickwick Papers匹克威克传 Oliver Twist雾都孤儿 Nic

5、holas Nickleby尼古拉斯.尼克贝 The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店 Bleak House荒凉山庄 Hard Times艰难时世 A Tale of Two Cities双城记 Great Expectations远大前程Nathaniel Hawthorne霍桑Twice-Told Tales再讲一遍的故事 Mosses from an Old Manse古宅青苔(it includes some of his best short stories:Young Goodman Brown好小伙布朗,The Celestial Railroad,Rappacci

6、nis Daughter拉伯西尼医生的女儿) The Scarlet Letter红字 The House of the Seven Gables带七个尖顶的阁楼 The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇 The Marble Faun玉石人像 The Life of Franklin Pierce Our Old HomeWilliam Faulkner福克纳A Rose for Emily The Marble Faun大理石牧神 Soldiers Pay士兵的报酬 Sartoris沙多里斯 The Sound and the Fury喧哗与骚动 As I Lay Dying我

7、弥留之际 Sanctuary圣殿 Light in August八月之光 Absalom!Absalom!押沙龙，押沙龙！ The Unvanquished不败者 The Hamlet村子 Go Down Moses去吧，摩西 Intruder in the Dust坟墓的闯入者 Knights Gambit Requiem for a Nun修女安魂曲 A Fable寓言 The Town镇 The Mansion大宅 The Reivers掠夺者William Shakespeare莎士比亚Sonnet 18十四行诗 The Comedy of Errors错误的喜剧 The Taming

8、 of the Shrew驯悍记 A Midsummer Nights Dream仲夏夜之梦 The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人 The Twelfth Night第十二夜 As You Like It皆大欢喜 Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶 Julius Caesar朱利叶斯.凯撒 Hamlet哈姆雷特 King Lear李尔王 Macbeth麦克白 Othello奥赛罗 The Winters Tale冬天的故事 The Tempest暴风雨Robert Frost弗罗斯特A Boys Will少年的意志 North of Boston波士顿以北 Mou

9、ntain Interval山间 New Hampshire新罕布什尔 Collected Poems诗歌选集 A Further Range又一片牧场 A Witness Tree一颗作证的树 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening雪夜林边小驻 Mending Wall修墙 Birches白桦树 After Apple-picking摘苹果之后The Road Not Taken未选择的路名词解释：一、What is literature?Literature is imatation, is function, is an expression of em

10、otions.二、What is fiction?It is a vague and general term for any literary narrative which is an account of imagined or invented events instead of something that in fact happened. The world of fiction is a world of the possible or the probable, rather than the actual.三、Elements of fiction.1、Plot: is t

11、he plan, design, arrangement and organization of interrelated events and characters in such a way as to induce curiosity and suspense in the reader.It is an intellectual formulation about the relations among the incident and is, therefore, a guiding principle for the author and an ordering control f

12、or the reader.故事是按时间顺序安排的事件的叙述，情节也是事件的叙述，重点在因果关系上。 Exposition阐述：provides the essential background information the reader needs to make sense of the situation in which the characters are placed and the actions take place. Conflict冲突；斗争：is the tension between characters, or the actual opposition of ch

13、aracters. Climax高潮：is the moment at which a crisis is reached and resolution achieved. Denouement结局：is the event or events following the climax at the end of a fiction. It is the resolution of the conflict or conflicts.2、Character: characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from the dialogue and the action, but not always people. It must have some disti