上海交通大学第二学期英语讲义详解版答案key to Exercise Six(共5页)

1、Key to Exercise SixSection 1. Compound DictationIts a workout with two goals, (1)mean green students are doingtheir bodies and the (2)environment a favor when they hop on these machines.workout: experimental device; hop: jump; hop on: deal with“When you talk about energy, you think about like the (3

2、)windmill and there the water and other things producing energy, not yourself, working out.”These 36 elliptical machines have been fitted with a device that (4)captures the kinetic energy they produced and (5)converts it into electricity.elliptical: rounded like an egg 椭圆(tuyun)的 kinetic energy 动能(d

3、ngnng)（物理） “That energy that they produce is usually just heat that (6)escapes into the building, it is then turned into electricity, thats used right here in the Rec (Recreational) Center, to power the lights, to power everything.”escapes: （语法(yf)）主谓一致As students rev up, this monitor shows how much

4、 clean (7)carbon-free electricity is being produced. Stuart Birdseye works at the Rec Center and says more (8)resistance means more energy.resistance 阻力“(9)The students center/ using the equipment/ dont have to do/ anything different.” “And the developers claim that (10)a typical 30 minute workout /

5、create enough electricity/ to power a laptop for an hour,/ or charge a cellphone up to 6 times.” “On how much money we are saving the school basically, its gonna need to think about that way.”“We havent had a long enough to see the impact on cost.”UNT (University of North Texas) spent nearly 20,000

6、dollars to outfit these ellipticals, the cost these machines may never pay back. But the school said (11) its more than/ the dollars they save,/ as students give just a little back,/ one workout at a time.注：积累环保主题相关词汇Section 2 Note-takingto engage children in the learning process allows them to lear

7、n individuallypreparing todays children to become 21st century leaders. developing inquiring minds and personal qualities Around the World in a Day similarities among different cultures. representing 51 nationalities participated in the form they preferto facilitate the learning in their classroom,

8、to enable those students to discover for themselvesthe curriculum makes the classroom more exciting.facilitate: help; make easy facility n. 设施(shsh)；设备；容易；灵巧ScriptInnovative Approach Individualizes LearningAlison Kerr is a second grade teacher in the British American School of Los Angeles, one of a

9、few American private schools that teaches the International Primary Curriculum. She says the main goal of the curriculum is to engage children in the learning process. This term, for example, her class is learning about historical figures.“I got the children to come in secret and dress up with sever

10、al clues of a famous person. They had to research and bring us 10 written clues and the rest of the class had to guess who these significant people were,” says Kerr. “So the children do not simply do the same thing, the same work, sheet type of format every single time.”One size does not fit all edu

11、cations these days, says educatorMartin Skelton, who co-authored the IPC eight years ago, he says for kids to learn and succeed, they need a program that allows them to learn individually.“Our view is the teachers should really be thinking about their kids in their class and why they are not learnin

12、g and trying to work out what they are going to be doing tomorrow to help individual kids learn much better.” Another important goal, Skelton says, is preparing todays children to become 21st century leaders. “Most of world problems are going to be solved internationally now. I mean no single countr

13、y is going to solve the environment or terrorism. Its a multi co-operational activity.”To make that possible, he says, the curriculum focuses on developing inquiring minds and personal qualities so children become good citizens of the world.“We have very specific activities built in the curriculum a

14、round the development of international mindedness right from the age five onwards. We encourage the kids to mingle with schools in other countries and then of course things like skype now make that fantastically easy to do.”“We did have a big fair Around the World in a Day. We had 51 nationalities r

15、epresented. We had parents and they put together a wonderful exhibition.” Emma Northey is head of Primary Learning at the British School in Boston. She describes one activity designed to teach kids about similarities among different cultures.“The children were each given a passport. They basically k

16、new that they were going around the world in a day and we said to them, You have to come back with two similarities that you had seen between the different cultures. Even the three year olds came back to me saying, Gosh, you know everybody writes. Some people write going down. Some people write from

17、 left to right, some from right to left.”Kate Foy of the British School in Washington D.C. says the children have to live the learning experience and deliver their findings in the form they prefer, such as an oral presentation, an art form, or in writing. The teachers role has also changed.“The teac

18、hers role is to facilitate the learning in their classroom, to enable those students to discover for themselves. And you kind of have to sit back a little bit, you know. You have to make sure youre asking the right questions. You maneuver yourself around the classroom and enable the children to lear

19、n as opposed to telling them and kind of spoon feeding them. Its absolutely no question. Theres no way. There is no room for spoon feeding when it comes to the IPC.”IPCs co-author Martin Skelton says the feedback so far is encouraging. Students and teachers say the curriculum makes the classroom mor

20、e exciting.Section 3. Short Answer Questions: 90% of us consider stress an inevitable part of our lives but it doesnt have to be that way. We all know what it feels to be like under stress. Yet most of us dont know why we experience such condition. Let us look how stress works. Doctors call about th

21、is body reaction to stressful events, general adaptation syndrome(普通(ptng)适应综合症). During tense times, our bodies release adrenaline(肾上腺素) and corticosteroids(皮质(pzh)类固醇). This reaction, (1) the Fight or Flight Response was designed to help man defend himself. The Fight or Flight Response is healthy

22、in small doses. Unfortunately, exposure to continuous stressors 压力(yl)因素 like traffic jams or piles of work causes many of us to remain in this heightened state for hours or even days. The result of this constant attention includes both short term effects like tense muscles and rapid heart rate. And

23、, (2) long term ones like high blood pressure, a weakened immune system and depression. The good news is we have got ten tips that can help.Let us start with diet. Research has shown that B-Complex and C Vitamins and the minerals, Magnesium(镁) and Zinc(锌) can help to ease stress symptoms. Vitamin C

24、and Magnesium lowers stress levels because they help the brain produce Serotonin(血清素), a hormone that regulates mood. Zinc and Vitamin B-Complex fight free radicals (基), a term that refers to toxins(毒素) found in the air and the harmful by-products of digestion. (3) Fresh vegetables, fruits, almonds,

25、 fish and whole grains contain these essential vitamins and minerals and are great stress fasting foods. You can also combat stress with a supplement. St. Johns Wort is an herb that inhibits stress hormones and increases Serotonin levels in the brain.Your approach can help too. Remembering that tens

26、ion is a natural part of life can help curb your response to it. Take a minute to remind yourself that these two shall pass. Sometimes a gentle touch or acupressure (指压按摩(nm) can relieve stress. One point, lieu (替代(tdi) one is priced for easing emotional stress and tense breathing. Find lieu one by

27、sitting in a comfortable chair with your backs straight. Use your thumbs to press outside of your upper chest, just below your first rib. Maintain pressure for one minute. (4) Another effective way to end your stress response is with simple meditation. For best results, set aside 10-20 minutes for c

28、almer reflection.meditation n. 冥想(mngxing)，沉思 reflection n. 反思If you prefer more formal approach, try this Yoga meditation technique. Sit quietly with eyes close. Pick a short phrase or word that calms you like “uhm” or “peace”. Repeat the word as you clear your mind and relax your muscles. When med

29、itating, always remember to breathe. (5)Deep relaxing breaths in and out through the nose help relieve stress. Even without meditation, just five minutes of deep breathing can be quite beneficial. And finally if you are feeling stressed, take a time out to do something you enjoy, your body and mind

30、will thank you. Stress is no fun but with the little know-how, you can control your response to it, ensuring the calmer, happier you.Topic: effective way dealing with stress, 了解一下医学化学词汇，无需记住，但与diet，nutrition有关的词需要积累，例如B-Complex and C Vitamins and the minerals, Magnesium(镁) and Zinc(锌) Section 4: Lis

31、tening and TranslatingAfter marriage money matters can be a cause of disagreements, although the poll showed arguments over household budgets, spending on the children and everyday purchases have declined since last year. More men than women take credit for paying credit cards, property and school t

32、axes and for filing income taxes, according to the poll, but 70 percent of women said they managed the household budgets.file v. 提交（文件）结婚以后钱财问题可能会导致分歧，不过民意调查显示，自去年来有关家庭预算、孩子花销、日常开支的争吵已有所减少。男性会更多地/承担偿付信用卡、上缴财产税和/教育税以及申报所得税等责任，/但也有70%的女性称她们是家里的管账人。Microsoft CEO Steve Bomer on Monday unveiled the new S

33、urface powered by the Windows 8 operating system. One version of the device which will be outlined in the next few months has the similar weight and thickness to Apples iPad, but a slightly bigger screen of 27 centimeters. 微软首席(shux)执行官Steve Bormer周一推出（揭幕(jim)）新的Surface 平板(pngbn)电脑，该电脑配置Windows 8操作系

34、统。几个月后发布的/这种平板电脑的其中一个版本/具有与苹果公司的 iPad 类似的重量和厚度，/但是显示屏要更大一些，为27 厘米。But in todays world of spectacular theme parks大型主题公园 and dazzling晕眩的 electronic diversions, curators(馆长) at smaller museums around the country found that busy travelers - especially those with kids - were not coming the way they used

35、to. Looking at pictures of, or by, long-dead artists or cultural pioneers just wasnt entertaining. They needed to make history and art come to life, to somehow transport visitors to time periods or experiences being displayed. So a whole new kind of museum was born - the “living history” museum.他们需要让历史和艺术重焕新生，/以某种方式将游客传送到所展示的那段时期或经历中去。/所以一种全新的博物馆/“活历史”博物馆应运而生。The Mars Science Laboratory, also known as Curiosity好奇号（火星探测器） is set to land on the red planet in August. The MAVEN spacecraft that would study the Martian atm