土木工程专业英语unit-8(1)课件

1、 Unit 8 Air-Conditioning and Ventilating 空调与通风Learning GuidanceMaster: air-conditioning; types of air-conditioning systems and air-conditioning processes掌握：什么是空气调节、空气调节系统的分类及空气调节过程。Teaching Important Point:air-conditioning systems (空气调节系统)Teaching Diffcult Point:skills: how to translate passive voic

2、e(如何翻译被动语态) Are you healthy?世界卫生组织(WHO) 衡量是否健康的十项标准(Ten Standards) ： 精力充沛，能从容不迫的应付日常生活和工作；处事乐观，态度积极，乐于承担任务，不挑剔；善于休息，睡眠良好；应变能力强，能适应各种环境变化； 对一般感冒和传染病有一定的抵抗力； 体重适当，体态均匀，身体各部位比例协调；眼睛明亮，反应敏锐，眼睑不发炎；牙齿洁白，无缺损，无疼痛感，牙龈正常，无蛀牙； 头发光洁，无头屑；肌肤有光泽，有弹性，走路轻松，有活力。 Intruoduction (引言)健康的内涵: 健康不仅仅是指没有疾病或病痛，而且是一种身体上、精神上和社会

3、上的完全良好状态。因此，现代人的健康内容包括：躯体健康、心理健康、心灵健康、社会健康、智力健康、道德健康、环境健康等。健康的意义: 健康是人的基本权利，是人生最宝贵的财富之一；健康是生活质量的基础；健康是人类自我觉醒的重要方面；健康是生命存在的最佳状态，有着丰富深蕴的内涵。Connotation and SignificanceAir Pollution空气污染 是有害的化学性因子、物理性因子和(或)生物性因子进入空气中并已达到对人体身心健康产生直接或间接,近期或远期,或者潜在有害影响的程度的状况。 化学性因子：SO2、NO2、CO、 O3、甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、CS2、三氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、

4、氯苯、多环芳烃(PAH)等挥发性有机物以及其他有害气体。 物理学因子：氟、砷、铅等无机污染物、尘埃、燃烧颗粒物、石棉纤维、放射性等。生物性因子：真菌、病菌、细菌以及尘螨等微生物。Elimination Methods 消除方法 1、植物消除法 ：吊兰、芦荟、虎尾兰、茉莉、丁香、金银花、牵牛花等花卉。 2、竹炭吸附法： 具有超强的吸附能力，能防霉、防真菌、防虫蚁，调节湿度，去除异味，释放负离子，净化空气，消除甲醛、苯等有害气体，屏蔽电磁波和抗辐射等功效。 3、加强通风法： （1）提供新鲜空气 （2）稀释有毒有害气体 （3）调整微小空间气候，如温度，湿度等。 Part I Air-conditio

5、ning一. New Words and Phrases:conditionn.条件，情况stiuation, circumstanceCET6: We have been told that under no circumstance_the telephone in the office for personal affairs.A. may we use B. we may use C.we could use D. we can useV. 调节，制约 We need to have a correct understanding of the changing nature and

6、conditions of this period, seize all opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to challenges, and gain initiative and advantages to win the future and attain the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.部分倒装：barely, rarely, seldom, hardly, not only

7、, neverattenuateV. 使减弱，使消弱ex:降低噪音attenuate/ reduce/eliminate/adate noise 我们致力于找出能够减弱辐射的聚合物 we get involved with trying to find polymers that attenute radiation.abatereduceweakenunderminerecededevote oneself to commit oneself toapply oneself to dedicate oneself tobend oneself to adsorbentn. 吸附剂 V. ad

8、sorb 吸附ex:活性炭广泛用于吸附液体中的有味或有色物质。Activated charcoals are widely used to adsorb odorous or coloured substances from liquids.desiccantantisepticadditiveabsorb: V. 吸收 ex: 海绵吸水 The sponge absorbs water. be absorbed in 专心致志于. hydronic: 液体循环加热的，液体循环冷却的parameter: 参数，系数damper: 气流调节器filtration: 过滤ductwork:通风管道

9、humidifier: 加湿器 Phrases1. supply and return ductwork 送回分管2. supply outlets 送风口3. return inlets 回风口4. chilled water 冷冻水5. condenser water 凝结水6. humidity analysis 湿度分析7. return air 回风二 Air-conditioningDefinition:Air-conditioning is a process that simultaneously conditions air; distributes it combined

10、with the outdoor air to the conditioned space; and at the same time controls and maintains the required spaces temperature, humidity, air movement, air cleanliness, sound level, and pressure differential within predetermined limits for the health and comfort of the occupants, for product processing,

11、 or both.空气调节就是将回风和室外空气进行处理并输送到空调室，同时为保证人体健康和舒适或满足生产工艺要求，对室内的温度、湿度、流速、洁净度、噪声水平及压力差加以调节和控制，使之达到预先设定的范围。synonyms: resident/ habitantV.occupy:占有，占用 occupy in. 从事/ 全神贯注于. The acronym HVAC&R stands for heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and refrigerating. The combination of these processes is equiva

12、lent to the functions performed by air-conditioning.HVAC&R分别是供热、通风、空气调节和制冷这四个单词的首字母缩略词。空气调节系统能够全部实现这些系统的功能。ventilate: v.使通风 aji.ventilated corridor/lobby/passageventilating: n. 通风 adj.通风的 systemrefrigerate:v. 制冷/冷藏n. refrigerator冰箱三. Air-conditioning SystemsDefinition:An air-conditioning or HVAC&R s

13、ystem consists of components and equipment arranged in sequential order to heat or cool, humidify or dehumidify, clean and purify, attenuate objectionable equipment noise, transport the conditioned outdoor air and recirculate air to the conditioned space, and control and maintain an indoor or enclos

14、ed environment at optimum energy use.objectionable:adj.讨厌的，令人厌烦的 annoying/ disgusting/ bothersome/wearyobject: v.反对 to do sth be opposed to do sth sequential: continuous/ successive/ consecutive 连续的Its ApplicationThe types of buildings which the air-conditioning system serves can be classified as:In

15、stitutional buildings, such as hospitals and nursing homes Commercial buildings, such as offices, stores, and shopping centers Residential buildings, including single-family and multifamily low-rise buildings of three or fewer stories above grade Manufacturing buildings, which manufacture and store

16、products processing air-conditioning systemscomfort air-conditioning systems四.Types of Air-Conditioning SystemsBased on their size, construction, and operating characteristics, air-conditioning systems can be classified as the following.根据尺寸、构造和操控的不同特点，空调系统分类如下：according toin accordance within line

17、withon the basis ofin the light of upon（1） Individual Room or Individual Systems. An individual air-conditioning system normally employs either a single, self-contained, packaged room air conditioner (installed in a window or through a wall) or separate indoor and outdoor units to serve an individua

18、l room.（1）家居式空调系统。家居空调系统通常采用单体式、独立式、整装式房间空调器（可直接安装在窗户上），将室外机和室内机分开设置来对房间进行调节。（2）Space-Conditioning Systems or Space Systems. These systems have their air-conditioning cooling, heating and filtrationperformed predominantly in or above the conditioned space.（2）公共空间式空调系统。公共空间式空调系统主要在空调室内或室外进行空气调节，如冷却、加

19、热、过滤。dominatingprimarymain（3） Unitary Packaged Systems or Packaged Systems. These systems are installed with either a single self-contained, factory-assembled packaged unit (PU) or two split units: an indoor air handler, normally with ductwork, and an outdoor condensing unit with refrigeration compr

20、essor(s) and condenser.（3）整体式空调系统。这种系统通常由组装好的独立机组或两台机组做成。两台机组是指室内机和室外机，室内机通过管路系统处理空气，室外冷凝机由制冷压缩机和冷凝器组成。fixset up1.组装2.集合，聚集（4）Central Hydronic or Central Systems. A central system uses chilled water or hot water from a central plant to cool and heat the air at the coils in an air handling unit (AHU)

21、 .（4）中央空调系统。中央空调系统通过来自机房的冷冻水或热水在空气处理器的盘管内加热或冷却空气。 Its Composition（1）Air SystemsAn air system is also called an air handling system or the air side of an air-conditioning or HVAC&R system. Its function is to condition the air, distribute it, and control the indoor environment according to requirement

22、s. The primary equipment in an air system is an AHU or air handler; both of these include fan, coils, filters, dampers, humidifiers (optional), supply and return ductwork, supply outlets and return inlets, and controls.（1）通风系统。也被称为空气处理系统。它的功能就是调节空气，分配气流，根据需要控制室内环境。通风系统的主要设备是空气处理机组或空气处理器，两个机组中都包括风机、盘

23、管、过滤器、风门、加湿器（可选）、送风/回风管道、送风口、回风口和调节装置。（2）Water Systems These systems include chilled water, hot water, and condenser water systems. A water system consists of pumps, piping work, and accessories. The water system is sometimes called the water side of a central or space-conditioning system.（2）水系统。水系统

24、包含冷冻水、热水和冷凝水系统，由水泵、管道和附件组成。水系统有时也被称为中央空调系统或独立式空调系统的水处理侧。（3）Central Plant Refrigeration and Heating SystemsThe refrigeration system in the central plant of a central system is usually in the form of a chiller package with an outdoor condensing unit. The refrigeration system is also called the refrige

25、ration side of a central system.（3）制冷与供热系统。中央空调系统机房中的制冷系统取决于冷冻机的室外冷凝机组。制冷系统也被称为中央空调系统的制冷部分。（4）Control SystemsControl systems usually consist of sensors, a microprocessor-based direct digital controller (DDC), a control device, control elements, personal computer (PC), and communication network.（4）控制

26、系统。控制系统一般由传感器、基于微处理器的直接数字控制器、控制装置、控制对象、个人计算机和通讯网络组成。五、Air-conditioning Processes An air-conditioning process describes the change in thermodynamic properties of moist air between the initial and final stages of conditioning as well as the corresponding energy and mass transfers between the moist air

27、 and a medium, such as water, refrigerant, absorbent, adsorbent, or moist air itself.空气调节过程描述的是调节的湿空气在初阶段与末阶段之间的热力学特征，以及湿空气与媒介之间相应的能与质的交换，这些媒介包括水、制冷剂、吸收剂、吸附剂、或湿空气本身。Motto(人生格言） If winter comes, can spring be far behind ?( P. B. Shelley, British poet ) 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?( 英国诗人, 雪莱. P. B.)My fellow American

28、s , ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country . My fellow citizens of the world ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man . (John Kennedy , American President ) 美国同胞们，不要问国家能为你们做些什么，而要问你们能为国家做些什么。全世界的公民们，不要问美国将为你们做些什么

29、，而要问我们共同能为人类的自由做些什么。 (美国总统 肯尼迪. J.) 六、Air-conditioning Cycle Systems Air-conditioning cycle comprises air-conditioning processes that are connected in a sequential order. An air-conditioning cycle determines the operating performance of the air system in an air conditioning system. 空调循环系统由几个空气调节的过程组

30、成。其决定了空气调节系统中通风系统的运行状况。ClassificationAccording to the cycle performance, air-conditioning cycles can be grouped into two categories:（1）Open cycle, in which the moist air at its end state does not resume its original state. An air conditioning cycle with all outdoor air is an open cycle.根据循环特性，空调系统的循

31、环可以被分为以下两类：（1）开式循环。在这种循环中，湿空气在循环结束时不再重新循环。全部由室外空气参与的空调循环系统都属于开式循环。（2）Closed cycle, in which moist air resumes its original state at its end state. An air-conditioning cycle that conditions the mixture of recirculating and outdoor air, supplies it, recirculates part of the return air, and mixes it ag

32、ain with outdoor air is a closed cycle.闭式循环。在这种循环中，湿空气在循环结束后，继续开始最初的循环状态。空调循环系统首先处理循环空气与室外空气的混合物，然后再输入到室内，部分回风继续循环，与室外空气混合，组成一个闭式循环过程。 Operating ModesBased on the outdoor weather and indoor operating conditions, the operating modes of air-conditioning cycles can be classified as:根据室外气象和室内运行条件，空气循环过程

33、的运行模式可以分为：（1）Summer mode: when outdoor and indoor operating parameters are in summer conditions.夏季模式：当室外和室内运行条件处于夏季条件时。Winter mode: when outdoor and indoor operating parameters are in winter conditions.冬季模式：当室外和室内运行参数处于冬季条件时。Air economizer mode: when all outdoor air or an amount of outdoor air that

34、exceeds the minimum amount of outdoor air required for the occupants is taken into the AHU or PU for cooling. The air economizer mode saves energy use for refrigeration.（过渡季）经济运行模式：全部通过或部分通过室外风给室内降温时，当这些室外风大于空气处理机组或整体机组处理的最小风量时，成为经济循环模式，这种模式在制冷时能够节约能量。Continuous modes operate 24hr a day and 7 days a

35、 week. Examples are systems that serve hospital wards and refrigerated warehouses. 连续运行模式：每天运行24小时或每周运行7天。医院的病房和冷藏室就是该种模式典型例子。QuestionsA. The types of air-conditioning systems?B. How many parts does the central air-conditioning systems consist of ?六.Assignments(作业)Translate the following terms into

36、English.冷水机组 压缩循环冷却器直膨式蒸发器 满液式蒸发器风管 制冷循环过热气体 过冷夜体高温制冷 中央空调系统Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.1. Air-conditioning is a process that simultaneously conditions air; distributes it combined with the outdoor air to the conditioned space; and at the same time controls and maintains the required spaces _, _, _, _, sound level, and _within predetermined limits for the