塘沽北塘可持续新城可持续社区开发的SSIM应用课件

1、塘沽北塘可持续新城可持续社区开发的SSIM应用Tanggu Beitang Sustainable New Town SSIM Application for Sustainable Community Development交通的灵活性 Flexible transportation network土地的混合开发 Mixed uses development生态保育 Ecological Preservation紧凑的城市形态 Compact Urban Form区域经济的协调 Holistic regional economic development主题思想Big IdeasSSIM第一

2、阶段 Stage IScheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3 Schemes 规划方案Plan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsScheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Plan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsScheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Plan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability Indicators

3、Plan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsAccess to Local Services 当地服务设备的可达性Scheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Access to Employment 雇用机会的可达性Scheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Access to Parks and Open Space 公园可公共空间的可达性Scheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Access to Transit 公交的可达性Scheme 1方案 1(

4、原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Selected Scheme 被选方案Scheme 3 Baseline Scenario 方案3基准情景SSIM第二阶段 Stage II住宅建筑能源 Residential Building Energy建筑外壳 Building Shell窗户 Fenestration空调效率 HVAC efficiency热水 Water heating设备 Appliances灯光 Lighting被动式设计 Passive design朝向 Bldg orientation楼顶电光板 On-building PV太阳能热水系统 Solar th

5、ermal water heatingSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy 住宅建筑 措施 Residential Buildings - MeasuresResidential Buildings30-Story Residential Bldg w Retail30 层住宅楼加底商15-Story Residential Bldg w Retail15 层住宅楼加底商11-Story Residential Bldg w Retail11 层住宅楼加底商11-Story Residential Bldg w/o Retail11 层住宅楼无底商4-Story Walk

6、-Up4 层住无电梯对以下5种建筑类型进行评估：Five Building types have been assessed:两层商业零售房和28层住宅Two story retail podium with 28 floors of residential apartments两层商业零售房和13层住宅Two story retail podium with 13 floors of residential apartments底层商业零售房和10层住宅Ground floor retail podium with 10 floors of residential apartments11层

7、住宅11 floors of residential apartments4层住宅4 floors of residential apartmentsSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios为达到“佳，优，最优”这三种标准，还有以下途径其次是安装高效设备和控制系统Our approach for achieving Good, Better, Best standards Secondly install efficient plant and controlsSSIM能源

8、模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios为达到“佳，优，最优”这三种标准，还有以下途径最后考虑最为经济的适合基地的可再生能源系统Our approach for achieving Good, Better, Best standardsThirdly consider the most cost effective renewable systems that are suitable for the siteSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/

9、情景 Residential Buildings Standards/ScenariosSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-措施 Residential Buildings - Measures用于所有建筑的主要措施 Key Measures applied to all buildingsBaseGoodBetterBestStandard30%50%70%建筑组件ConstructionWall U-Value10.50.350.15Windows U-Value4.732.21.7制冷系统Space coolingAC type and fuelDX, E

10、lectricDX, ElectricDX, ElectricWater Loop Heat Pump, Ground SourceAC efficiency COP22.535.5供热系统Heating and DHWHeating system efficiency0.80.850.90.9可再生能源RenewablesSolar hot water installedNNYYGround source heat pumpNNNYBiomass installedNNNY地区供热 District Heating供热系统 Heating system“优良”和“最优”情景使用太阳能热水供应

11、部分热水需求Better and Best cases use solar hot water“最优”情景使用20%的生物质锅炉 Best case uses a 20% contribution from a biomass boiler太阳能热水和生物质通过中央集管连接到供热网络 Solar hot water and biomass connected to network via central header地区供冷 District Cooling中央水环热泵 Central water-loop heat pump“最优”情景使用地热环路供冷系统 Best case uses a

12、ground source loop cooling system连接至中央冷凝环路的独立水冷热泵可在住宅和商业单元之间进行高效的能源交换 Individual local water cooled heat pump connected to the central condensing loop where energy can be effectively exchanged between the Residential and the Commercial units.系统将混合利用的效益发挥至极致，并减少了对地热的依赖The system maximises the benefit

13、 of mixed use development and minimise the reliance on ground source能耗削减量 Energy reductions achieved每年能耗节省占基准情景比例SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Bu

14、ildings - SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - Summary“Good” stan

15、dard have been cost effectively archived by improving the building itself, such as using high performance building envelope “Better” standard have been achieved by further improving building envelope and system efficiency with the installation of the Solar Hot water systemIn order to reach “Best” st

16、andard, addressing the electricity consumption becomes the key, as the contribution of fabric improvements to the overall energy usage of the buildings is limited. Reducing electricity demand has been achieved by improving efficiency of fans, cooling delivery, lighting systems and other small power.

17、 Ground source heat pump system is used in the “Best case” in order to reduce cooling electricity consumption. “佳”标准通过改善建筑本身而达到，例如使用高性能建筑外墙 “优良”标准通过进一步改善建筑外墙和系统效率，并且安装太阳能热水系统而实现为了达到“最优”标准，减低电力消耗成为关键，因为此时总体能源消耗通过建筑本身的改善已经是有限的电力需求通过改善风机、供冷系统、照明系统的效率实现地源热泵系统被用于“最优情景”以削减供冷的电力消耗成本与能耗削减比较 Cost vs. Energy

18、Reductions不同情景的能源节省Energy Savings over Base增加PV电池Add PV cellsSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - Summary与基准情景相比的成本增加量基准情景佳情景优良情景最优情景回收期 Payback timeSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - Summary超过基准情景的成本（千元）为达到“佳，优，最优”这三种标准，采用以下途径首先考虑的方法是让建筑更有效能建筑外墙/高性能

19、幕墙系统采用遮阳板减少制冷负荷Our approach for achieving Good, Better, Best standardsFirst consider measures to make the building work harder Building envelope / airtightness Solar shading to reduce cooling loadSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios基准情景的建筑基于ASHRAE 90.1标准（

20、美国）佳、优良和最优情景评价了能源使用、碳排放和回收期根据当地情况修正的成本数据被用来与“基准”情景的回收期进行比较Baseline building based on ASHRAE 90.1 standards (USA)Good, Better and Best ScenariosEnergy use, carbon emissions and payback periods assessed Locally calibrated cost data has been used to provide information on payback periods compared to th

21、e “baseline” scenario. SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios四类建筑类型被评价：Four Building types have been assessed: 底层零售商业和29层商业办公空间Ground floor retail podium with 29 floors of commercial office space 底层零售商业和19层商业办公空间Ground floor retail podium with 19 floor

22、s of commercial office space 带4层商业办公空间的低层办公楼底层Low rise office development with 4 floors of commercial office space 4层零售中心，包括前庭和33000平方米的零售空间4 storey retail centre with central atrium and 33,000sq m of retail spaceSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/ScenariosC

23、ommercial Buildings20-Story Office w Retail20 写字楼加底商3-Story Retail/Civic3 层商业或政府楼4-Story Retail Center4 层购物中心2-Story Civic/Comm Facilities2 层政府和社区公用楼30-Story Office w Retail30 写字楼加底商达到佳、优良和最优标准的手段 首先让建筑工作更为高效遮阳/高性能幕墙系统 建筑外墙/渗风性Our approach for achieving Good, Better, Best standardsFirst consider mea

24、sures to make the building work harderSolar shading / high performance faade systemBuilding envelope / airtightnessSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios达到佳、优良和最优标准的手段其次，安装高效设备和控制系统Our approach for achieving Good, Better, Best standardsSecondly install

25、 efficient plant and controlsSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios达到佳、优良和最优标准的手段 最后考虑最为经济的适合基地的可再生能源系统Our approach for achieving Good, Better, Best standardThirdly consider the most cost effective renewable systems that are suitable for the siteSSIM能源

26、模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/ScenariosSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy主要措施结论 Conclusions of Key Measures基准Baseline佳Good优良Better最优Best主要可持续措施 （增加的变化）Main sustainable components (incremental changes)典型的主流建设标准Typical mainstream specification construction standard

27、遮阳 照明控制 高效设备Solar shading Lighting controlHigh efficiency plant遮阳照明控制高效设备 地源热泵Solar shading Lighting control High efficiency plantGSHP遮阳 高效照明设备 照明控制 地源热泵 太阳能热水 光伏电池板占屋顶面积的75%Solar ShadingHigh efficiency lighting fittingsLighting control GSHPSolar Hot WaterPV covering 75% roof area能耗削减比例% Energy use

28、improvement-28.2%50.9%59.6%CO2削减比例 % CO2 improvement-31.7%78.8%88.0%“Good” standard have been cost effectively archived by improving the building itself, such as using high performance building envelopeCommercial development has very high lighting load. Therefore, lighting control (e.g. daylight dim

29、ming) and the use of high efficiency fittings can reduces electrical load substantially “Better” standard can be achieved by installing Ground source heat pumps (GSHP), given the annual heating and cooling load demand being perfectly matchedIn addition to the above measures, “Best” case has further

30、been supplemented by installing either solar thermal or PV on the roof.SSIM 能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results Summary“佳”标准通过改善建筑本身而达到，例如使用高性能建筑外墙非住宅建筑具有很高的照明负荷。因此，照明控制和高效灯具的使用能够大幅的降低电力负荷“优良”标准可通过安装地源热泵实现，可以刚好满足每年的供热供冷负荷需求除以上措施外，“最优”情景通过太阳能热水系统或者屋顶光伏电池板来进一步补充冷热电联供的

31、可行性也进行了分析结论是对于商业应用，该系统比地源热泵效率要低Further analysis has also been carried out on the feasibility of District heating and cooling using Combined Cooling and Heating Power (CCHP plant).It was found this is less effective than Ground Source Heat Pump system for the commercial types.SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling E

32、nergy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results Summary

33、SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results Summary基准情景的建筑基于适合于中国住宅市场的典型规范标准利用“三步法”原理，佳、优良和最优情景这三个情景逐渐得到改善Baseline building based on typical specification standards for the Chinese resident

34、ial marketGood, Better and Best Scenarios have been generated through incremental improvements using the philosophy of “the three steps”.SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/ScenariosSSIM - Water SSIM - 水SSIM Water 水Precipitation降雨Temperature气温Evapotranspiration蒸发S

35、oil (clay, sand)土壤（泥土，砂土）Residential居住用地Commercial商业用地Open Space开放空间Common Areas一般区域Roadways道路Limit on Total Water Use限制总用水量Water Law水法Wastewater Discharge污水排放Stormwater Mitigation暴雨削减Save Water节水Harvest Water收集水Lessen Impact减少影响Sustainability可持续性Low Demand Landscaping低水耗景观Intelligent Irrigation精明灌溉

36、High Efficiency Fixtures高效器具Reuse Rainwater雨水回用Reuse Greywater灰水回用Reuse Blackwater黑水回用Use TSE处理的污水使用Detain, Retain, Treat Stormwater阻滞、滞留、处理雨水Environment + Climate环境与气候Land Use Program土地使用方案Requirements必备条件Goals目标Strategies策略降雨 Rainfall径流 Runoff入渗 InfiltrationSSIM - Water 水开发前的状况 Predevelopment Cond

37、itionSSIM Water 水开发后的状况 Predevelopment Condition降雨 Rainfall饮用水Potable Water雨水污染Pollutants in Stormwater径流增加Increased Runoff污水Sewage入渗减少Decreased InfiltrationHeat!SSIM Water 水基准情景 Baseline ScenarioSSIM Water 水基准情景 Baseline ScenarioDomestic Water Supply 生活用水供应Municipal Sewage Treatment 市政污水处理Domestic

38、water for potable and irrigation supply 生活用水用于饮用和灌溉SSIM Water 水佳情景 GoodSSIM Water 水佳情景 Good ScenarioMunicipal water supply 市政供水Municipal sewage treatment 市政污水处理More efficient indoor fixtures 高效室内器具Domestic water for potable and irrigation supply 生活用水用于饮用和灌溉Grey Water Collection and Treatment in Wetl

39、ands 灰水收集和通过湿地处理Return Treated Water for Toilet Flushing 处理后的水回用于冲厕Result: 80% Reduced volume of treated sewage结论：下水处理需求降低80%SSIM Water 水优良情景 Better ScenarioSSIM Water 水优良情景 Better ScenarioRoof top rainfall harvesting 屋顶雨水收集 Grey water collection 灰水收集Most efficient indoor fixtures 最高效的室内器具Treatment

40、wetlands 人工处理湿地Return treated water for toilet flushing 处理后的水回用冲厕Stormwater collection, treatment and storage 雨水收集、处理和储存More water for irrigation 更多用于灌溉Result: 88% Reduced volume of treated sewage 结论：下水处理需求降低88%Result: 45% Reduced potable water for irrigation 结论：用于灌溉的饮用水量降低45%SSIM Water 水最优情景 Best S

41、cenarioSSIM Water 水最优情景 Best ScenarioMunicipal water supply for indoor water use only 市政供水仅用于室内用水Grey water harvesting to building cisterns 灰水收集至建筑蓄水池Rainfall harvesting to building cisterns 雨水收集至建筑蓄水池Toilet flushing from building cistern 蓄水池用于冲厕Stormwater to treatment wetlands 雨水收集至人工湿地On-site sewa

42、ge treatment, discharge to wetlands 基地内部污水处理，并排放至湿地Irrigation from polished sewage effluent 净化后的污水用于灌溉Result: No potable water for irrigation 结论：无饮用水用于灌溉Result: 67% Reduction in potable water结论：用于灌溉的饮用水量降低67%Result: No discharge of water from site 结论：项目无对外排水需求SSIM Water 水水和废水政府共用灰水废水雨水SSIM Water 水水系

43、统成本用户子开发商总开发商建筑雨水和中水 Building rainwater and greywater基地内WWTP On-site WWTP回用 Recycle道路雨水 Road rainwater处理湿地 Treatment wetlandSSIM Water 水SSIM Water 水Establish goals realistic, but aggressive 设立目标-切实但积极Develop strategies 开发策略Cost/benefit account for synergies 费用效益比-考虑综合效益Define responsibilities for im

44、plementation 为实施确定责任Measure and monitor results 测量和监测结果Adaptive management 适应性管理总体水资源管理Overall Water Management街道照明 Street Lighting装置间距和英尺烛光 Fixture spacing and foot candles黑夜概念 Dark sky conceptsLED选择 LED options出行需求管理 Travel demand management (TDM)停车场/工业区 Parking Lots / Industrial Areas英尺烛光要求 Foot

45、candle requirementsLED选择 LED options感光和暗室照明Photopic vs. Scotopic Lights太阳能/风能照明选择 Solar / wind Lighting Options开放空间和公园 Open Space and Parks照明水平 Lighting levels建筑上PV 应用 PV on structures可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling公共空间能源 Public Realm Energy可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling Water生活用水削减成果展示 Domestic Water Reduction Re

46、sults塘沽区平均风速为4.5米/秒Tanggu District Average Wind Speed is 4.5 m/s对于大型风电场，最低风速要求为6米/秒For large wind farms, a minimum of 6m/s is preferred大型风电场不可行 Large scale wind farms not feasible SSIM 能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy替代能源-措施Alternative Energy - Measures温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Tran

47、sportation目标Goals削减出行需求 Reduce the need for travel鼓励高效出行模式 Promote efficient travel modes温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation交通原则吸引人的社区空间步行和自行车网络5”D”措施 高质量公交出行时间Transportation PrinciplesAttractive community spacesPedestrian and bicycle networks5 D measuresHigh quality pub

48、lic transportTravel times温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and TransportationDensity 密度Residents, Jobs per Area 居住人口，单位面积的工作数Higher Density = Lower VKT 高密度=低机动车行驶里程Diversity 多样性Balanced, Mix of Uses 平衡的用地混合Greater Mix of uses = Lower VKT 混合度高=低机动车行驶里程Design 规划设计Street Connectivity, Walka

49、bility 街道连接及步行性Pedestrian Oriented Design = Lower VKT 步行导向设计=低机动车行驶里程Destination Accessibility 目的地可达性Jobs & attractions easily reachable 容易到达工作场所和其他目的地Center City = Lower VKT 中心城市=低机动车行驶里程Distance to Transit 距公共交通的距离Rail or Bus Station proximity from work/home 距离工作和居住较紧的轻轨和公交站Access to Public Transi

50、t = Lower VKT 公共交通接口=低机动车行驶里程与典型的扩张情形相比，利用4D或5D措施可以将机动车行驶里程减少40%Using 4D/5D measures can reduce VKT up to 40% from typical sprawl conditions- 清凉增长：城市开发和气候变化的证据- Growing Cooler: The evidence on urban development and climate change 温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation快速轨道交通

51、站 Metro Train Station公交车站 Bus Stop 快速轨道 Metro Train 快速公交线1 BRT Line 1 快速公交线2 BRT Line 2快速公交线3 BRT Line 3Scheme 1 Mass Transit方案 1 公共交通系统温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and TransportationScheme 1 250m Serving Radius方案 1 250米的服务半径温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transpor

52、tation快速轨道交通站 Metro Train Station公交车站 Bus Stop快速轨道 Metro Train 快速公交线1 BRT Line 1 快速公交线2 BRT Line 2Scheme 2 Mass Transit方案 2 公共交通系统温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and TransportationScheme 2 250m Serving Radius方案 2 250米的服务半径温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation

53、快速轨道交通站 Metro Train Station公交车站 Bus Stop快速轨道 Metro Train 快速公交线1 BRT Line 1 快速公交线2 BRT Line 2快速公交线3 BRT Line 3快速公交线4 BRT Line 4Scheme 3 Mass Transit Baseline方案 3 基准情景下的公共交通系统温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and TransportationScheme 3 250m Serving Radius Baseline方案 3 基准情景下 250米的服务半径温室气体削减

54、策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation快速轨道交通站 Metro Train Station公交车站 Bus Stop快速轨道 Metro Train 快速公交线1 BRT Line 1 快速公交线2 BRT Line 2快速公交线3 BRT Line 3快速公交线4 BRT Line 4快速公交线5 BRT Line 5Scheme 3 Mass Transit Good方案 3 好的公共交通系统温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transporta

55、tionScheme 3 250m Serving Radius Good方案 3 好的250米的服务半径温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation快速轨道交通站 Metro Train Station公交车站 Bus Stop快速轨道 Metro Train 快速公交线1 BRT Line 1 快速公交线2 BRT Line 2快速公交线3 BRT Line 3快速公交线4 BRT Line 4快速公交线5 BRT Line 5快速公交线6 BRT Line 6Scheme 3 Mass Transit B

56、etter方案 3 更好的公共交通系统温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and TransportationScheme 3 250m Serving Radius Better方案 3 更好的250米的服务半径温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation快速轨道交通站 Metro Train Station公交车站 Bus Stop快速轨道 Metro Train 快速公交线1 BRT Line 1 快速公交线2 BRT Line 2快速公交线3 BR

57、T Line 3快速公交线4 BRT Line 4快速公交线5 BRT Line 5快速公交线6 BRT Line 6快速公交线7 BRT Line 7快速公交线8 BRT Line 8快速公交线9 BRT Line 9内部交通 Local FeederScheme 3 Mass Transit Best方案 3 最好的公共交通系统温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and TransportationScheme 3 250m Serving Radius Best方案 3 最好的250米的服务半径温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduct

58、ion Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures: SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation可持续发展整合模型第二阶段SSIMStage III可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling所有系统的综合比较分析 All Themes Comparison可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling程序选择和优化 Program Select

59、ion & Optimization第三步 组合选择 Stage III Program Selection - Bookends可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling程序展示 Program Performance组合效果比较资源足迹成本足迹车辆行驶里程雨水径流用水量碳排放气体能源电力能源主开发商住宅业主非住宅业主第三方其他融资方式可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling程序展示 Program Performance可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling程序展示 Program Performance可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling碳排放 Carbon

60、Emissions总体碳排放量包括移动源仅包括非移动源百万吨二氧化碳当量（年）可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling碳排放 Carbon Emissions不同系统的碳削减 可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling碳排放 Carbon Emissions不同系统的碳削减 吸收-森林公共场所能耗水非住宅住宅交通组合A组合B组合C吸收-森林公共场所能耗水非住宅住宅交通组合A组合B组合C百万吨当量CO2 总碳削减比例 可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling成本分析 Cost Analysis不同组合的可持续措施增加成本 塔楼板楼板楼板楼板楼零售中心中层高层低层办公组合A组合B组