2022年供应链管理第三版习题与答案6

1、Chapter 12 Determining Optimal Level of Product Availability True/False 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The level of product availability is also referred to as the customer service level. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy A supply chain can use a high level of product availability to improve its responsiven

2、ess and attract customers. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate A high level of product availability requires less inventory, which will keep costs down for the supply chain. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate A supply chain needs to achieve a balance between the level of availability and the cost of i

3、nventory that maximizes supply chain revenues. Answer: False Difficulty: Hard Whether the optimal level of availability is high or low depends on where a particular company believes they can maximize profits. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate The cost of oversellingis denoted by Co and is the loss i

4、ncurred by a firm for each unsold unit at the end of the selling season. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy The cost of understockingis denoted by Cu and is the margin lost by a firm for each lost sale because there is no inventory on hand. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate The cost of undersellingis a

5、key factor that influences the optimal level of product availability. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate The costs of overstocking and understocking have a direct impact on both the optimal cycle service level and profitability. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. As th

6、e ratio of the cost of overstocking to the cost of understocking gets smaller, the optimal level of product availability decreases. Answer: False Difficulty: Hard With reduced demand uncertainty, a supply chain manager can better match supply and demand by reducing both overstocking and understockin

7、g. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate An increase in forecast accuracy increases both the overstocked and understocked quantity and decreases a firms profits.Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Supply chain managers are able to increase their forecast accuracy as lead times decrease, which allows them to

8、better match supply with demand and increase supply chain profitability. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy If quick response allows multiple orders in the season, profits increase and the overstock quantity increases. Answer: False Difficulty: Hard Quick response results in the manufacturer making a low

9、er profit in the short term if all else is unchanged. Answer: True Difficulty: Hard There is a cost associated with postponement because the production cost using postponement is typically lower than the production cost without it. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Postponement is valuable for a firm t

10、hat sells a large variety of products with demand that is independent and comparable in size. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate Postponement may increase overall profits for a firm if a single product contributes the majority of the demand because the increased manufacturing expense due to postponem

11、ent outweighs the small benefit that aggregation provides in this case. Answer: False Difficulty: Hard 19. Tailored postponement allows a firm to increase its profitability by only s demand is 20. postponing the uncertain part of the demand and producing the predictable part at a lower cost without

12、postponement. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate In tailored sourcing,firms use a combination of two supply sources, one focusing on cost and able to handle uncertainty well, and the other focusing on flexibility to handle uncertainty, but at a higher cost. Answer: False 21. Difficulty: Moderate Tail

13、ored sourcing may be volume-based or product-based depending on the source of uncertainty. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy 22. In volume-based tailored sourcing, the predictable part of a productproduced at a flexible facility, whereas the uncertain portion is produced at an efficient facility. Answer

14、: False 23. Difficulty: Moderate In product-based tailored sourcing, low-volume products with uncertain demand 24. are obtained from a flexible source, while high-volume products with less demand uncertainty are obtained from an efficient source. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy A contract may contain

15、specifications regarding quantity, price, time, and quality. 25. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Double marginalization refers to the fact that the total supply chain is divided between the manufacturer and the retailer. Answer: True 26. Difficulty: Moderate Manufacturers can use buy-back contracts to

16、 increase their own profits as well as total supply chain profits. Answer: True 27. Difficulty: Moderate Buybacks encourage retailers to increase the level of product availability. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy 28. Revenue sharing with a lower wholesale price allows retailers but not manufacturers t

17、o increase their profit. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate 29. 30. 31. 32. Revenue sharing encourages retailers to increase the level of product availability. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Manufacturers can use contracts with quantity flexibility to increase their own profits at the expense of tota

18、l supply chain profits. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy With vendor-managed inventory(VMI), the control of the replenishment decision moves to the manufacturer instead of the retailer. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy VMI can allow a manufacturer to increase their profits as well as profits for the enti

19、re supply chain by increasing some of the effects of double marginalization. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice 1. 2. 3. The level of product availability a. is also referred to as the customer service level. b. is an important component of any supply chains responsiveness.c. increases r

20、evenues for the supply chain by increasing sales. d. All of the above are true. e. Only a and b are true. Answer: e Difficulty: Hard A supply chain can use a high level of product availability to a. improve its responsiveness and attract customers. b. reduce costs for the supply chain by reducing in

21、ventories. c. increase revenues for the supply chain by increasing sales. d. All of the above are true. e. Only a and c are true. Answer: e Difficulty: Easy A high level of product availability requires a. large inventories and tends to raise costs for the supply chain. b. large inventories and tend

22、s to reduce costs for the supply chain. c. small inventories and tends to raise costs for the supply chain. d. small inventories and tends to reduce costs for the supply chain. e. none of the above Answer: a Difficulty: Easy 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. A supply chain needs to achieve a balance between the level

23、of availability and the cost of inventory that a. maximizes supply chain revenues. b. minimizes supply chain costs. c. maximizes supply chain profitability. d. maximizes supply chain availability. e. all of the above Answer: c Difficulty: Moderate Whether the optimal level of product availability is

24、 high or low depends on where a particular company believes they can a. minimize cost. b. maximize revenue. c. maximize profits. d. maximize product availability. e. all of the above Answer: c Difficulty: Moderate The key factors that influence the optimal level of product availability do notinclude

25、 a. the cost of overstocking the product. b. the cost of stocking the product. c. the cost of understocking the product. d. All of the above are key factors. e. None of the above are key factors. Answer: b Difficulty: Moderate The loss incurred by a firm for each unsold unit at the end of the sellin

26、g season is a. the cost of overstocking the product. b. the cost of stocking the product. c. the cost of understocking the product. d. the cost of overselling the product. e. the cost of underselling the product. Answer: a Difficulty: Moderate The margin lost by a firm for each lost sale because the

27、re is no inventory on hand is a. the cost of overstocking the product. b. the cost of stocking the product. c. the cost of understocking the product. d. the cost of overselling the product. e. the cost of underselling the product. Answer: c Difficulty: Moderate 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. The margin lost fro

28、m current as well as future sales if the customer does not return should be included in a. the cost of overstocking the product. b. the cost of stocking the product. c. the cost of understocking the product. d. the cost of overselling the product. e. the cost of underselling the product. Answer: c D

29、ifficulty: Moderate Which of the following is not a situation involving the trade-off between the cost of overstocking and the cost of understocking? a. seasonal products where all leftover items must be disposed of at the end b. of the season continuously stocked items where demand during stockout

30、is backlogged c. continuously stocked items where demand during stockout is lost d. continuously stocked items where demand during stockout is redirected e. none of the above Answer: d Difficulty: Moderate The costs of overstocking and understocking have a direct impact on a. the optimal cycle servi

31、ce level but not profitability. b. profitability but not the optimal cycle service level. c. both the optimal cycle service level and profitability. d. neither the optimal cycle service level or profitability. e. the optimal cycle service level and an indirect impact on profitability. Answer: c Diff

32、iculty: Moderate Which of the following is not a managerial lever to increase profitability? a. increasing the salvage value of each unit b. decreasing the margin lost from a stockout c. reducing demand uncertainty d. reducing the level of product availability below optimal e. increasing forecast ac

33、curacy Answer: d Difficulty: Moderate Which of the following would be a strategy to increase the salvage value of an unsold product? a. discarding the unused material b. selling unsold product to an outlet store c. keeping the product in inventory until it sells d. reduce the level of cycle inventor

34、y e. none of the above Answer: b Difficulty: Easy 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Which of the following would be a strategy to decrease the margin lost in a stockout? a. arranging for backup sourcing b. discarding the unused material c. selling unsold product to an outlet store d. reduce the level of cycle

35、 inventory e. none of the above Answer: a Difficulty: Moderate As the ratio of the cost of overstocking to the cost of understocking gets smaller, a. b. the optimal level of product availability becomes irrelevant. the optimal level of product availability decreases. c. the optimal level of product

36、availability remains stable. d. e. the optimal level of product availability increases. none of the above Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Which of the following is not an approach to reduce the uncertainty of demand? a. tailored sourcing b. quick response c. postponement d. improved forecasting e. decrea

37、sed margin Answer: e Difficulty: Moderate With reduced demand uncertainty, a supply chain manager can a. increase both overstocking and understocking. b. increase overstocking and reduce understocking. c. reduce overstocking and increase understocking. d. reduce both overstocking and understocking.

38、e. none of the above Answer: d Difficulty: Easy A company that uses better market intelligence and collaboration to reduce demand uncertainty is making use of a. tailored sourcing. b. quick response. c. postponement. d. improved forecasting. e. decreased margin. Answer: d Difficulty: Moderate A comp

39、any that reduces replenishment lead time so that multiple orders may be placed in the selling season is making use of a. tailored sourcing. b. quick response. c. postponement. d. improved forecasting. e. decreased margin. Answer: b Difficulty: Moderate 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. A company with multiple pro

40、ducts, that chooses to delay product differentiation until closer to the point of sale, is using a. tailored sourcing. b. quick response. c. postponement. d. improved forecasting. e. decreased margin. Answer: c Difficulty: Moderate A company that uses a more expensive short lead time supplier as a b

41、ackup for a low cost, long lead time supplier is using a. tailored sourcing. b. quick response. c. postponement. d. improved forecasting. e. decreased margin. Answer: a Difficulty: Moderate An increase in forecast accuracy a. decreases both the overstocked and understocked quantity and decreases a f

42、irms profits.b. decreases both the overstocked and understocked quantity and increases a firms profits.c. increases both the overstocked and understocked quantity and decreases a firm s profits.d. increases both the overstocked and understocked quantity and increases a firms profits.e. none of the a

43、bove Answer: b Difficulty: Moderate Supply chain managers are able to a. increase their forecast accuracy as lead times increase. b. increase their forecast accuracy as lead times decrease. c. decrease their forecast accuracy as lead times decrease. d. decrease their forecast accuracy as lead times

44、increase. e. a product is received into stock at a store. Answer: b Difficulty: Moderate As lead times decrease, supply chain managers are able to a. better match supply with demand. b. better match demand with supply. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. c. increase supply chain cost. d. decrease product availabili

45、ty. e. none of the above Answer: a Difficulty: Moderate Which of the following is not a consequence of being able to place a second order during the season for a seasonal product? a. The expected total quantity ordered during the season with two orders is less. b. The average overstock to be dispose

46、d of at the end of the sales season is c. less. The profits are higher. d. The average inventory level is higher. e. none of the above Answer: d Difficulty: Moderate As the total quantity for the season is broken up into multiple smaller orders, the buyer is better able to a. match supply and demand

47、 and increase cost. b. match supply and demand and increase profitability. c. match supply and demand and decrease profitability. d. match supply and demand and decrease product availability. e. none of the above Answer: b Difficulty: Moderate If quick response allows multiple orders in the season,

48、a. profits decrease and the overstock quantity decreases. b. profits decrease and the overstock quantity increases. c. profits increase and the overstock quantity decreases. d. profits increase and the overstock quantity increases. e. none of the above Answer: c Difficulty: Moderate Quick response i

49、s clearly advantageous to a. a distributor in the supply chain. b. a retailer in the supply chain. c. a manufacturer in the supply chain. d. every step in the supply chain. e. none of the above Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Quick response results in a. the manufacturer making a lower profit in the long

50、 term if all else is unchanged. b. the manufacturer making a lower profit in the short term if all else is unchanged. 30. 31. 32. 33. c. the retailer making a lower profit in the short term if all else is unchanged. d. the distributor making a lower profit in the short term if all else is unchanged.

51、 e. none of the above Answer: b Difficulty: Moderate There is a cost associated with postponement because the production cost using postponement is typically a. higher than the production cost without it. b. lower than the production cost without it. c. d. very stable. equal to the production cost w

52、ithout it. e. none of the above Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Postponement is valuable for a firm that a. sells a large variety of products with demand that is dependent and comparable in size. b. sells a large variety of products with demand that is independent and comparable in size. c. sells a small

53、 variety of products with demand that is dependent and comparable in size. d. sells a small variety of products with demand that is independent and comparable in size. e. focuses on processes that are internal to the firm. Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Postponement is a. not very effective if a large f

54、raction of demand comes from multiple products. b. not very effective if a small fraction of demand comes from a single product. c. only effective if a large fraction of demand comes from a single product. d. effective even if a large fraction of demand comes from a single product. e. none of the ab

55、ove Answer: b Difficulty: Hard When a firm uses production with postponement to satisfy a part of its demand with the rest being satisfied without postponement, it is using a. adjustable postponement. b. flexible postponement. c. managed postponement. d. tailored postponement. e. none of the above A

56、nswer: d Difficulty: Moderate 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Under tailored postponement, a firm produces the amount that is very likely to sell using a. the lower cost production method with postponement and produces the portion of demand that is uncertain using postponement. b. the lower cost production meth

57、od without postponement and produces the portion of demand that is uncertain using postponement. c. the higher cost production method with postponement and produces the portion of demand that is uncertain using postponement. d. the higher cost production method without postponement and produces the

58、portion of demand that is uncertain using postponement. e. All of the above are accurate. Answer: b Difficulty: Moderate In tailored sourcing, firms use a combination of two supply sources, a. one focusing on cost but unable to handle uncertainty well, and the other focusing on flexibility to handle

59、 uncertainty, but at a higher cost. b. one focusing on cost and able to handle uncertainty well, and the other focusing on flexibility to handle uncertainty, but at a higher cost. c. one focusing on cost but unable to handle uncertainty well, and the other focusing on flexibility to handle uncertain

60、ty at a lower cost. d. one focusing on cost and able to handle uncertainty well, and the other focusing on flexibility to handle uncertainty at a lower cost. e. None of the above are accurate. Answer: a Difficulty: Hard In volume-based tailored sourcing a. the predictable part of a products demand i