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1、人教版新目标九年级语法总结九年级英语Unit8常见短语动词结构有下面几种:1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放在短语动词后。2. 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于 这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。3. 动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗尽4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in参加 catch hold o

2、f 抓住1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如:cheer me up 使我高兴clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫 2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n. 家 3. hand out 分发 hand out bananas give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分.给某人give up doing 放弃 give up smoking 放弃吸烟give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to . give away money to kids

3、give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语。ill adj. 生病的,作表语 ,不能作定语This boy is sick. This is a sick boy. This boy is ill. 5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献 Volunteer to do 志愿去做volunteer n. 志愿者 6. come up with 提出 想出 = think up 想出catch up wit

4、h 赶上 追上7. put off doing 推迟做某事put on 穿上 (指过程)put up 张贴8. write down 写下 记下 9. call up 打电话make a telephone call 打电话10. set up 成立 建立 The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用 every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用12. put to use 把 投入使用,利用put to use把合理/充分使用 Th

5、ey put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English help do 帮助做某事 help study 14. plan to do 计划做某事 plan + 从句 I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing.我计划去北京。15. spend doing 花费做 I spent a day vi

6、siting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。 spend on sth. 花费在 I spent 3 years on English. 九年级英语Unit8(2) 16.not only but (also) 不但 而且 用来连接两个并列的成分 (1)引导以 not only but (also) 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。因此 Not only do I feel good but (also). 是倒装句。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅

7、能做到而且做得最好。Not onlybut (also) 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如:Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。常见的就近原则的结构有:Neither nor即不也不 (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。Either or 不是就是 (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student. 17. joi

8、n 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如:join the Party 入党 take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如:take part in sports meeting 参加运动会18. run out of = use up 用完 用尽 I have run out of money.= I have used up money. 我已经用完了钱。run away 逃跑 The monkey has run away from the zoo.这只猴子已经从动物园里逃跑了。run to + 地方 跑到某地 19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 be

9、similar to 与.相像 take after 相像 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾20. work out 算出 结局 The situation worked out quite well. 情况的结局非常好 Have you worked out this math problem? 你已经算出这道数学问题了吗?21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛 I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。22. be able to do 能 会 be unable to do 不能 不

10、会 23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如: thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我24. for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问 You dont have money. Thats for sure. 你没有钱,这是毫无疑问的。25. fill with 使充满 用填充 She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。26. like prep. 像 27. help sb. out 帮助做事,解决难题(摆脱困境) I cant work out this math problem. Please help me

11、out. 我不能算出这道数学问题,请你帮我解决。28. train n. 火车 train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。29. at once = right away 立刻 马上 如: Do it at once. 马上去做。 Ill go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如: One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。 Some day I

12、ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。31. specially adv. 特意地 专门地 特别地 special adj. 特别的32. donation n. 捐赠物 donate v. 捐赠 赠送33. part of speech 词性 词类34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能九年级英语Unit9(1) 被动语态 (1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。 (2). 被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词 (如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词) (3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词,有人称、数和时

13、态的变化。 一般现在时被动语态为:am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时被动语态为:was/were+ 过去分词 与情态动词连用的被动语态:情态动词+ be + 过去分词 (4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语,放在句末,by 表示“由,被”的意思如何理解被动语态? 为更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义,可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。主动语态: 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分被动语态: 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分如: Many people speak English.被动语态 English is spoken by m

14、any people.2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus 3. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词4. be used for doing用来做(是被动语态) 如: Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。 Pens arent used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。5. 给某人某样东西give sth. to sb. 如:I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。 give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔

15、。6. all day 整天 7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐8. by mistake 错误地 如:I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴make sb./sth. +名词 让做 It made me laugh. 它让我发笑10. by accident 意外 偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。11. notuntil 直到才做 如:I didnt go

16、to bed until I finished my work.我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。12. according to +名词 根据 如: according to an legendaccording to this article根据这篇文章,根据一个神话13. over an open fire 野饮 14. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves 15. nearby adj. 附近的 如: the nearby river九年级英语Unit9(2)16. fall into 落入 掉进 如:The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fal

17、l down 摔倒 如:She fell down from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时,冠词a必须放在它的后面 如: quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时,冠词a必须放在它的前面 如: a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩 注:当不与冠词a 连用时,两者可以互用 如: I am very happy.= I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。18. in the way 这样 19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内

18、心的欣慰和愉快 pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快 please v. 使高兴 使同意20. batteryoperated adj. 电池控制的 是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪 22. travel around 周游23. more than = over 超过 如:more than 300 = over 300 超过30024. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用 如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt.

19、6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态的结构:have /has been +过去分词26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的28. knock into 撞上(某人)29. divide into通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如:Lets divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如: S

20、ince then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后,我已经离开了北京。人教版新目标九年级英语语法-主谓一致 主谓一致有许多原则,概括起来不外乎三种一致原则,即:语法形式一致;概念一致(语言内容上一致);毗邻一致(谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致)。 另外,根据代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致,还有指代一致。 一、语法形式一致 1、单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语,用and或bothand连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。例如: Serving the peo

21、ple is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福。 Whether well go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要取决于天气的好赖。 What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 我所思考的和我所寻求的都在这个论文中体现了出来。 2、由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, pl

22、us, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后面,不能看作是并列主语,该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响,主语如是单数,其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如: The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students. 教材加上参考书对大学学生是非常有益的。 The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV. 那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看

23、电视。 3、有些代词只能指单数可数名词,当它们在句子中作主语时,尽管在意义上是多数,谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如: Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。 Everything around us

24、is matter. 我们周围的所有东西都是物质。 4、当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事,and后的名词前没有冠词,谓语动词应该用单数形式;在and后面的名词前有冠词,谓语就用复数形式。例如: The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早饭供应黄油面包。 The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在出售黄油和面包。 5、当one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: One of

25、those students has passed the examination. 这些学生只有一个考试及格了。 A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. 为语音课提前准备了一系列录音磁带。 6、由one and a half + 复数名词或the majority of + 名词作作主语时,谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。例如: The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 大部分的损坏品都容易修理。 7、plenty of, ha

26、lf of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可数与不可数名词作主语时,不可数名词的谓语只用单数,可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如: There is plenty of water in the pail. 桶里还有好多水。 There are plenty of eggs in the box. 箱子里有好多鸡蛋。 8、由more than one (或more than one + 单数名词),many a + 单数名词作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: More than one student has

27、passed the examination. 不止一个学生通过了这次考试。 Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 许多孩子在认字前就学会了游泳。 9、如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如: Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed. 四分之三多的土地已经收回了。 Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 到场的三分之二的人都反

28、对这个计划。 10、定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如: He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 被选出来代表该组的人他是其中之一。 “Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. “镇静”是事故发生时应当牢记的第一条原则。 二、概念一致(语言内容上一致) 1、有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, orchestra(管弦乐队), group, government, c

29、ommittee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时,动词用单数形式,如就其中的各个成员来说,则谓语用复数形式。例如: His family is going to move. 他准备搬家。 His family are very well. 他家人身体都好。 2、有些表示总体意义的名词,形式上是单数,而意义上却是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式,如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry(家禽)等。例如: The police are

30、 searching for a tall dark man with a beard. 警察正在搜寻一位肤色黝黑、长胡子的高个子男人。 3、有些名词形式上是复数,而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works.还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称,如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等,它们作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: Politics is a complicated business. 政治学是一门复杂的东西。 Here is the news. 下面播送新闻。 4、用and连接的单数主语,前面有each, every, many

31、 a, no等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语与each连用时,应不受each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如: Every boy and girl is treated in the same way. 每个男孩、女孩都是以同样的方式对待的。 Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. 很多姑娘小伙子都见过。 The old workers and the young each have their own tools. 青老年工人都各自有自己的工具。 5、表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语,谓语动词常用单数形式。例如: Twenty m

32、iles is a long way to walk. 二十里地可是个不近的路程。 Three pints isnt enough to get me drunk. 三品脱还不至于把我灌醉。 the +形容词作主语时,如主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指的是单个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: The departed was a good friend of his. 死者是他的一位好友。 三、毗邻一致(就近原则) 1、由连词or, neitheror, eitheror, not only also, nor等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数形式按毗邻一致的原则,与贴近它

33、的主语一致。例如: Either you or he is no telling the truth. 不是你就是他没讲真话。 Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed. 不仅开关,连那些老化了电路都已经更换了。 2、在there be 的结构中,谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则。例如: There is a desk and four benches in the office. 办公室有一张桌子,四条长凳。 There are two chairs and a desk in the office.

34、办公室有两把椅子一张桌子。 四、代词的指代一致 指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。也是考试中的一个常考点。 1、当everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等作主语时,相应的代词一般采用单数形式。例如: If anyone calls, tell him Ill be back later. 如果有人找我,就说我一会回来。 Everyone thinks he is the center of universe. 每个人都认为自己是宇宙的中心。 2、由neithe

35、r nor, not only but also, either or, not but, or等连结的并列主语,其后的附加疑问部分主语用复数代词。例如: Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? 你我都没错,对吧? Both Tom and Jack came, didnt they? 汤姆和杰克都来了,对不对? 3、当句子的主语是one, 并要在句子中多次出现时,一般用第三人称单数代词来代替后面将出现的one或ones;当one在句子中泛指人时,在反意疑问句中也可用you来代替。例如: One should never blame his friends ev

36、en his friends committed some careless mistakes. 当朋友犯了疏忽的小错时不要老指责朋友的过失。 One cant be too careful, can you (one)? 一个人无论怎么样小心都不为过,对不对? 主谓一致单项填空专练主谓一致单项填空专练主谓一致是历年中考热点之一,一般说来,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。本文以往年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, n

37、o less than, besides, including等 + 名词或代词连用时, 谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 2. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are

38、 offered D. have offered3. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play4. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known5. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were二、当 either . or .; neither . nor.;not only. but also.等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。6. Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. A. was handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exa

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