精选+详解高三英语名校试题汇编第4期专题19阅读理解教师版

1、（精选+详解）2013届高三英语 名校试题汇编（第4期）专题19阅读理解（教 师版） 科技说明文【2013届山东德州一模】BDyslexia is a problem that restricts the ability to recognize words and connect soundswith letters when people read . People with this learning disorder may also have problems whenthey write . Dyslexia is not related to eyesight or intell

2、igence. The problem involves areas ofthe brain that process language . Brain scientists are studying whether they can predict which young children may struggle with reading to provide them early help. John Gabrieli at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology is leading the study of five-year-olds in

3、 about twenty schools in the Boston area .They studied in the schools with kindergartens. And for all the children joining in thestudy , they give them a brief set of paper-and-pencil tests to look at which children appearto be at some risk for strugglingto read . So far , fiftyof them have been exa

4、mined in a scanner ,a special machine, to show brain activity. Written tests are not always able to identify dyslexiaor other problems , while brain scans may offer a more scientific way to identify problems. Andwith reading problems , early identification is important. When it comes to helping chil

5、drenovercome reading difficulties , the younger the child, the more effective they are.Reading problems are not usually identified until a child is in the third or fourthgrade . The later children are recognized as poor readers, the less treatment can help . And,as Professor Gabrieli points out , po

6、or reading can make education a struggle . Reading is everything . Even math and science have textbooks .While the children are given tasks related to reading , the brain scans measure the extent to which certain parts of the brain become active while the children do the work. The scientists say the

7、y are pleased with early results from the study. but have a long way to go .The most obvious symptom with a Dyslexia sufferer is . A . having a bad memory B . limiting the ability of readingC . having poor eyesight Dshowing low IQThe purpose of the study led by John Gabrieli is.A . to provide early

8、help to the children with DyslexiaB . to apply their scanning machine to medical fieldC . to test children s ability to read and writeD . to find out how brain processes languageThe function of the scanner is vide the children with necessary picturescheck the result of the paper and pencil tes

9、tsfind an effective way to improve one s readingidentify how the brain works while readingWhat factor is most important in helping children with dyslexia according to the passage?A. Medicine B . Diet C . Timing D . ScannerWhat s the main idea of the passage?More facts have been found about reading .

10、Everyone has to face the problem of dyslexia.The scans can show how a person s brain works .Treatment of dyslexia is more effective if examined early.文章大意】阅读障碍是限制人们阅读时识别单词和音形结合能力的一种疾病。专家发现这种病发那生越早越咛医 治口6L【答案】B【解析】从文章开头*Dyslexia Is a prcblem th&t restricts the ability tc reccgnize 匕 and ccn nect soun

11、ds Mth后二坨区/可知Dyslexia是限制人们识别单词和音形结合能力的而不是使享人的记忆力N，从第一晨第 三句Dysleis is net related to e-yTesight or intelligence可知它和视力及智力无关口所以应该选择【考点定位】细节理解题.62.【答案】A【解析】 从文章第段倒数第二句 Brain scientists are studying . to provide them earlyhelp . ”可知研究是为了给孩子帮助。所以应该选择Ao【考点定位】细节理解题。63.【答案】D【解析】从文章第二段第三句，总e 5C5nner a special

12、 nisthine tobrsln ；二tbit/弓知 5匚三门是用来检查脑袋活动的.【考点定位】细节理解题.64.1答案C【解析】从文章第二段最后两句And vJth reading prcblems early ide. icaticn is J iportsnt, “ne younger the child, the mere effective they打a 可知这个病发现的越早治疗效果越乒.1考点定位】细节理解题065.【答案】D【解析】从全文来看文章主要是告诉我们Dyslexia是发现的越早，治疗效果越好。而没有提到A项。【考点定位】理解归纳题。【2013届山东德州一模】CA st

13、udy published in today s edition of the Science finds that , overall , species are moving to higher latitudes（ 纬度）at l0 . 5 miles per decade . The rate is two or three times faster than when it was last measured , in 2003 .“The climate is shifting everything toward the north and higher altitudes, sa

14、ys ChrisThomas, the author on the paper and a professor at the University of York in the United Kingdom. Animals , plants and insects closer to the equator are starting to find it too hotand are retreating upwards. ”The study was an analysis covering 764 species moving north or south depending on wh

15、ichhemisphere（半球）they were in . Although each species moved at different rates and some even moved towards the equator , overall the strong trend was toward the poles.For the most part , its not that animals are walking, hopping or winging their way north ,Thomas says . Rather , individuals at a spe

16、cies southernmost range are breeding（ 繁殖）lesssuccessfully while individuals in that same speciesnorthernmost range are breeding moreFsrihEjrthEqiuiJnrBEarth：（rend cf unimal immigrationsuccessfully . The result is that the entire species moves up“There is practicallyno basis to doubt the fact that sp

17、ecies are shifting as a functionof rapidly changing climate,“says Jerem y Kerr . a professor of biology at the University ofOttawa in Canada, who did notparticipate in the study . One species Kerr studies is the bog copper,a beautiful little butterflythat appears to practically be on an expressway t

18、o the North Pole . Ithas moved more than 90 miles north in the past decadeFor farmers , what crops they grow and livestock they keep is also beginning to shift, saysPhilip Thornton , an agriculturaleconomist in Nairobi , Kenya. In Africa , small farms are changingthe kinds of animals they keep.In No

19、rthern Kenya , there is a move in some places away from thetraditional cattle to camels,which are more drought resistant ; the price of adult camels thereis increasing quite rapidly66. Which picture can describe the result of the study?According to the third paragraph , we can learn a fact thatthe a

20、nimals are moving northward so fastthere are too many species on the polesfewer babies are born in the southnot all animals move to higher latitudesThe example of the bog copper is mentioned to tell us that it .A. can fly as fast as an expressB . is moving northwards at a high speedC . blocks the wa

21、y toward the North PoleD . prefers to travel on an expressIn the last paragraph , farmers prefer camels .A . because of changes in temperatureB . as a result of animals moving northwardsC . with the purpose of earning more moneyD . due to the changes in crop growingWe can infer from the passage that

22、 .immediate actions have been taken to prevent the immigrationrare animals can only be found at poles in not so far futureit is natural for species to adapt themselves to environmentD . changes in climate make no differences about people s life【文章大意】一项研究表明随着气候的快速变暖，很多物种都向两极迁徙。不仅如此一些地方人的生 活也受到了影响。66,

23、【答案】A【解析】从文章第一段可以看出物种正在向两极迁徙.所以应该选择4【考点定位】细节理解题.【答案】D【解析】根据文章第三段第二句=cine e,en mc/ed icwsrds the明二产可知有些物种向赤道迁 格.所以应该选择D.【考点定位】细节理解题.【答案】B【解析】 从文章倒数第二段最后两句 that appears to practically be on an expressway to theNorth Pole.可知the bog copper 正高速度额向北极移动。【考点定位】细节理解题。.【答案】A【解析】从文章最后一句如whith *e rncru drcught心

24、istant；”可知因为骆驼抗旱能力强加农民们才选它.所以应该选择3【考点定位】细节理解题.【答案】C【解析】本文主要是告诉我们由于气温的变化，物种的栖息地也发生了变化。之所以如此，都是为了 适应环境的变化。【考点定位】理解归纳题。【2013 届苏锡常镇四市调研】Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving inmany countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to wher

25、e they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre

26、 in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies human-computer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equippe

27、d car to use during his stay.Barry Brown: And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And, then it wasn t until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home a

28、ddress in. So again, the GPS is kind of“garbage in garbage out .Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment.Barry Brown: One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen

29、and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it s going to the wrong place.Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego.Wh

30、ile there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. Thetwo men studied the effects of GPSdevices on driving by placing cameras in people s cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called“The Normal, Natural Troubles of Drivingwith GPS. ”Barry Brown:On

31、e of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was thatyou have to know what you re doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that peoplehave developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPSbecause they sometimes go wrong. ”Barry

32、Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational （ 导航） skills.“The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS “ lists several areas where GPS systemscan cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or diffic

33、ult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.What is the best title for this passage?A. Is GPS system reliable to use?B. Wh

34、at is the use of GPS?C. How to make the most of GPS?D. Blame! GPS or Passengers?What is the implication of the underlined part?GPS is just a garbage device.GPS will not correct human errors.GPS adjusts your wrong destination.GPS is just as smart as human beings.Which is NOT mentioned as a GPS shortc

35、oming in the passage?A. Small screen. B. Timing of commands.C. Outdated maps. D. Dear cameras GPS uses.According to the passage, people commonly believe that.you have to know where to go when using GPSyou need to have new competencies to use GPS wellGPS is proper for drivers with little sense of dir

36、ectionGPS is fit for people having good understanding of maps【答案与解析】【文章大意】 本文是一篇科技说明文。通过科学调查分析表明：全球定位系统出现的问题是司机和全球定 位系统失误两个方面的原因造成的。文章最后指出：为了使全球定位系统更好的为我们服务，我们需要更 好的理解司机、乘客和全球定位系统的协调工作。64.C考查文章的标题。难度：较难。根据文章的导图内容可知：导航系统可能会出现误差，并分析了造成误差的原因。只要正确使用导航系统大多数情况下还是没问题的，是值得信赖的。所以A正确。B项只是说明导航系统的用途，不能涵盖误差分析内容；

37、C项如何充分利用导航系统，如果以它为题目，文章应该写进一步挖掘导航系统的用途；D项全球定位系统和乘客那个应受到责备？与文章内容不符。ES.B考查猜测运语的含义.难度；中。根据第三段内容可知：他们从家出发然后又把家当做目的地输入导 航系统，结果3。分钟后才意识到这个问题口这说明导航系统只能按照输入信息导航，它不能改正错误. 所以B正确。”选项就事论事.没有指出文章中短语在语境中的真实”引申义T C选项意为：全球定位系 统调整错误的目的地.根据第三段的内容可知，正是因为不能自动调整目的地，才导致了问题.事实上， 它也无法调整，因为它怎么知道你真正要去哪里；D选项全球定位系统像人类一样聪明.它和C选

38、项有相 似的错误，内容太大不符合实际。66.D考查细节理解难度易.A选项文章第五展中的One prcblem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen 中提到】B 选项文章倒数第二段中的 They also include timing issu&s relsted tc Ahen GPS commands are given匚选项文章倒数第二段中的 Th比u include maps that are outdated, incorrect orctiricult ：c understand中提到,只有D项文章中没有提到口故口正

39、确解题思路】利用关诞词Smell screen iming of ccmmandsj Outdated maps在文章中解析定位排除.67.C考查推理判断。难度：较难。根据文章倒数第三段中的Barry Brown says this goes against a commonbelief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational （导航） skills. 可知： C选项和此句是同义句表达。分析： a commonbelief 对应 people commonly believe ; drivers with l

40、ittle sense of direction对应 drivers who lack navigational （ 导航） skills 。 选项 C句意： 人们普遍认为全球定位系统是为那些缺乏方向感的司机而准备的。所以C正确。【2013 届江苏南京二模】Nap, doze , shut-eye and snooze are all expressions we use to describe thatmysterious state ,sleep. We all do it , we cant get by without it and by the time we reach old a

41、ge, most of ushave spent 20 years sleeping: Yet , nobody knows why we do itMost scientists think that by resting our bodieswe allow time for essential maintenance（维护）work to be done Any damage that there is can be put right more quickly if energy isnt beingused up doing other thingsInjured animals c

42、ertainly spend more time asleep than usual whiletheir wounds are healing（愈合）.And quite a few illnesses make us feel sleepy so our body can get on with curing usSleep is controlled by certain chemicals. They build up during the day, eventually reachinglevels that make us tired. We can control the eff

43、ects of these chemicals to some extent. For example , caffeine helps to keep us awake while alcohol and some medicines make us sleepy.By using electrodes, scientists are able to study what goes on in peoples headswhile theyare sleeping. They have discovered that when we first drop off everything slo

44、ws down. The heartbeats more slowly and our breathing becomes shallow. After about 90 minutes our eyes start totwitch and we go into what is called REM sleep. REM stands for Rapid Eye Movement , and itsa sign that weve started to dream.You have dreams every night , even if you dont remember them. Th

45、ere are all sorts oftheories about why we dream. One is that it gives the brain a chance to sort out the days activities ， filling everything away in the right place. Another is that the brain gets bored whilewere asleep and organizes its own entertainment-a sort of late-night cinema!A lot of people

46、 say they have to have eight hours sleep every night while others seem tomanage on a lot less. One thing is for sure, we all need some sleep and going without it can havesome very strange effects. An American DJ, who stayed awake for 200 hours to raise money for charity , thought things were burstin

47、g into flames all around him after 120 hours without sleep .He survived the strange horrible period of time but was depressed for three months afterwards.Humans are unusual in the way they sleep. Most animals have a sleep during the day andtests have shown that a siesta can be beneficial for us too.

48、 Its even been recommended thatairline pilots should have a nap during long flights so that they are more alert（警觉的） forthetricky business of landing.So next time you nod off after Sunday lunch in front of the TV, dont feel embarrassed about it . Science , after all , is on your side .The passage is

49、 probably from a A. lab report B. research paperC. science story D. drug instructionWhen we are sleeping , .our heart beats more slowlyour body chemicals become fully controllableour brain begins to show moviesour wound begins to healThe underlined word “ siesta in the last paragraph but one means A

50、. a good rest B. a little drinkC. a short sleep D. a day dream【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍睡眠的产生以及对我们人体的重要性.63.乱推理判断题.较难.全文是科普说明文，介绍睡眠的产生以及对我们人体的重要性.文中多次提及科学家的观点以及科学家所做实验.因此选B项.【解题思路】本题必须在读完全文之后,对文章有一个全局的了解之后方能作答，建议此类题型放在最后， 其他小题做好之后，对文章有更好把握再作答.【干扰项拄除】本文不只是实嗑报告，也有理论，故排除立项；也不是故事，故排除匚项；文章没有涉及 到药品使用说明，故排除D项。54.

51、 ab 细节理解题.较易.从第四段的The heart beats mere slcv.ly and our breathing teccmes 油Mew可以 是睡眠的时候，心脏跳动得慢呼吸变浅.【干扰项拄除】A项和C项文章并未提及j文章第二段提到Injured animals certeinlv spend mere time asleep than usual while their wounds are heaHngjnJ.可知伤口愈合的是动物,而非人类,故排除D项.65. C。词义猜测题。较易。考生只需要在文中倒数第二段( in the last paragraph but one )

52、找到该词，并参考整个句子即可。 Most animals have a sleep during the day and tests have shown that a siesta can be beneficial for us too.句子意思是，大多数动物都有白天睡觉的习惯，实验表明， 对我们也有好处。根据前后逻辑，自然是白天小睡一会儿。故选答案Co解题思路猜词题迅速定位该词所在位置，然后参考整个句子或者前后两个句子，即可猜测该词的意思。当然，也应该注意一些关键词and、but、or或者根据构词法解决猜词题。广告应用文【2013届苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调研(一)】AHousing p

53、olicyMajor cities across China are speeding up the construction of policy-based housing to solve the housing problems of low-income people. Currently, only a tiny percentage of housing is available to recent graduates and low-income people with a hukou from another place. Fortunately, the situation

54、is changing.BeijingAffordable housing - housing with a price cap: about 62,000 such houses are to be built in 2013. Qualifications: Beijing hukou; living in less than 15 square meters per family member; single householder above the age of 30.Low-cost housing for rent: 4,000 units to be built this ye

55、ar. Qualifications:Beijing hukou; family members earning less than 580 yuan a month; living in less than 7.5 square meter per person.Public housing for rent: 500,000 square meters to be built in 2013, for recentgrads with a migrant hukou (can be changed); be one of the above applications who is wait

56、ing in line.Apartments for talented people:available in Haidian District for senioremployees from other cities or overseas.ShanghaiAffordablehousing: no less than 6 million square meters to be added in 2013.Qualifications:Shanghai hukou; per capita salary of less than 2,300 yuan a month.Low-cost hou

57、sing for rent:enough for 100,000 families by the end of 2013.Qualifications: Shanghai hukou; salary of less than 500 yuan a month; less than 7 square meters per person.Apartments for talented people:1 million square meters to be built by theend of 2013, mainly in the Pudong New Area. Qualifications:

58、 bachelor s degree orhigher; no private property in Shanghai; job contract for longer than one year.GuangzhouAffordable housing: 5,000 units by the end of 2013. Qualifications:GuangzhouHukou; earning less than 18,287 yuan a year; less than 10 square meters of living space.Low-cost housing: 800 units

59、 by the end of 2013. Qualifications: same as for affordable housing.Low-cost housing for rent:969,700 square meters to be built by the end of2013, to accommodate 12,000 people. Qualifications: Guangzhou hukou; each person earning less than 800 yuan a month; less than 10 square meters of living space

60、.Economical rentals:3,000 units by the end of 2013. Qualifications: first,those with Guangzhou hukou; second, college grads and migrant workers with no hukou but with a labor contract with a Guangzhou company.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，面对房价飞涨，很多低收入者、大学毕业生都“为房所困”，不过，事情在 慢慢变化，本文介绍了北、上、广三地住房新政策。How can Xiao Wang, wh