美国文学试题库版

1、-. z.美国文学史及选读 期末复习重点考试题型：1.名词解释20分5个*4=20分2.选择题20分3.连线题10分4.判断题10分5.片段赏析20分一个10分2个一个小说一个诗歌6.论述题20分一个10分2个一个小说一个诗歌The Outline of American LiteratureThe Realistic Period 1865-1914Realists:Henry James and his psychological realism William Dean Howells and his moral realismLocal Colorism/Regionalism: Ma

2、rk TwainNaturalists:Stephen Crane /DreiserThe Modern Period 1914-1945Modern Poetry:Imagism:Ezra PoundLyrical Poet：Robert FrostCarl SandburgWallace StevensModern Novelists: Representatives of the Lost Generation:(Jazz Age)F.Scott Fitzgerald/ErEpitome of the Southern Renaissance:William Faulkner The L

3、eftist Novelists: John Dos Passos/John Steinbeck The Jewish American Novelists in this period: Eugene ONeillPart I Term Definition American Naturalism:美国自然主义1.Naturalism is a more deliberate kind of realism and this term describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of

4、objectivity客观 and detachment冷静 to its study of human beings. 2.Naturalism is a literary movement that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. 3.Although naturalist literature described the world with sometim

5、es brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.4.It accepted the interpretation of Darwins evolutionary theoryand Dreiser is a leading figure of this school.5.The representative figure is Stephen Crane and his Sister Carrie.Key words：Darwins Evolutionary Theo

6、ry;environment and heredity; objectivity and detachment Theodore Dreiser; Sister Carrie, Stephen Crane, etc.American Realism:美国现实主义1.时间：In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into e*istence. 内战将浪漫主义完毕，开启现实主义。2.It came as a reaction agains

7、t the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. 反对浪漫主义和感伤主义3.Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It e*presses the concern for monplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of the human

8、 nature and human e*perience.现实主义从对奇异的强调转向对平凡的忠实的渲染，一种生活的片段。它表达了对平庸和平庸的关注，它提供了一个客观的而不是理想化的人性观和人类经历。4.A realistic writer is more objective than subjective，more descriptive than symbolism.5.The representative figures are Mark Twain, Henry James and Howells. Key words：Mark Twain, Henry James and Howell

9、s；reality; the depressed; Modernism:现代主义1.It was a ple* and diverse (复杂多样的) international movement in all the creative arts (创造性艺术), originating about the end of the 19th century. 2.It provided 出现the greatest creative renaissance of the 20th century. 3.It was made up of many facets (方面), such as sym

10、bolism，surrealism (超现实主义), cubism (立体主义), e*pressionism, futurism (未来主义), etc.4.Modernism implies historical discontinuity，a sense of alienation，of loss and of despair.4.Southern Renaissance(南方文艺复兴，必考)：1.时间：The Southern Renaissance is the revival of American Southern literature that began in the 192

11、0s and 1930s until the 1950s.2.特色：Much of the writings featured the struggle between those who embraced social changes and those who were more skeptical.3.观点：The writers attempt to e to terms not only with the inherited values of the Southern tradition，but also with a certain way of perceiving and d

12、ealing with the past.4.代表人物：The representative figures are William Faulkner Williams and so on.5.Imagism:意象主义1.时间，地点，影响：Imagism was a literary poetic movement which flourished in London between 1909 and 1917 and had an enduring and pervasive influence on English-language poetry in the twentieth cent

13、ury.2.意象主义三原则：Here are three imagist poetic principles:Direct treatment of the thing whether subjective or objective；Eliminate merely ornamental or superfluous words；As regarding rhythm，to pose in the sequence of the musical phrase,not in the sequence of a metronome.3.代表人物：The imagists were led by E

14、zra Pound and the representative figures are D.H.Lawrence.Ezra Pound and so on.6.Iceberg Principle:冰山原则1.主要观点：Iceberg Principle is that the full meaning of the te*t is not limited to moving the plot forward：there is always a web of association and inference，a submerged reason behind the inclusion of

15、 every detail.2.提出者：It is a writing style coined by American writer Ernest Hemingway.3.举例：In Death in the Afternoon午后之死，Hemingway outlined his theory of omissionoriceberg principle.4.海明威的观点：He believed the deeper meaning of a story should not be evident on the surface，but should shine through implic

16、itly.The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.7.Jazz Age:爵士时代1.时间，地点：The Jazz Age describes the period of the 1920s and 1930s,the years between World War I and World War II,particularly in North America,continuing through the Roaring Twenties and endin

17、g with the rise of the Great Depression in America.2.代表人物，特点：The representative figure is F.Scott Fitzgerald with his novel The Great Gatsby,highlighting the decadence 颓废and hedonism享乐主义，as well as the growth of individualism.8.Hemingway Heroes/Code Hero:海明威式英雄1.Hemingway Heroes refer to some protag

18、onists in Hemingways works.2.As a concept from Hemingway works，Code Hero is defined by Hemingway as a man who lives correctly，following the ideals of honour，courage and endurance in a world.3.It stands for a whole generation and this kind of hero is an average man of decidely masculine tastes，a man

19、who is sensitive and intelligent，a man of actions and of few words.For e*ample，he uses his code hero，who is named in most of his novels as Nick Adams to teach readers a creative and disciplined way of life.American Dream:美国梦The American Dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of

20、America that through hard work,courage and determination one can achieve a better life for oneself,usually through financial prosperity.These were values held by many early European settlers,and have been passed on to subsequent generations.American dream means the belief that everyone can succeed a

21、s long as he/she works hard enough. It usually implies a successful and satisfying life.美国梦是由在美利坚合众国的许多人通过努力保持信心，勇气和决心实现一个能给自己一个更好的生活，通常通过金融繁荣。这是许多早期的欧洲移民的价值观，并已传递给后代。美国梦的含义，相信每个人都能长他/她付出足够的努力获得成功。它通常意味着成功和满足的生活。Stream of Consciousness:意识流1.*畴：It is one of the modern literary techniques.2.风格： It is

22、the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a characters thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character e*periences them. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the

23、mind fast changing and flowing incessantly.这些小说突破了时空的界限，生动而巧妙地刻画了心灵的无意识活动，瞬息万变，不断流动。3.举例：It was first usedby the Irish novelist James Joyce.The modern American writer William Faulkner successfully advanced this technique.11.the Lost Generation：迷茫的一代1.人物，地点，时间：The term Lost Generation was coined by S

24、tein to refer to a group of American Literary notables who lived in Paris from the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression.2.代表人物：The representative figures are F.Scott Fitzgerald，Ernest Hemingway and T.S.Eliot and so on.3.迷茫的原因：They were lostbecause after the war many of them we

25、re disillusioned with the world in general.4.It refers to a group of young intellectuals (知识分子) who came back from war, were injured (受伤害) both physically (身体上) and mentally (精神上).12.Yoknapatawpha：约克纳帕塔法1.Most of Faulkners works are set in a small region in Northern Mississippi，Yoknapatawpha County，

26、which is actually an imaginary place based on Faulkners childhood memory about the town of O*ford in his native County.2.With rich imagination，he turned the land，the people and the history of the region into a literary creation and a mythical kingdom.3.This kind of stories deal with the historical p

27、eriod from the Civil War to the 1920s3.As a result，the County has bee an allegory and Faulkner has managed successfully to show a panorama of the whole Southern society.补充：Local Colorism地方主义1.时间：Local colorism ，also called regionalism，as a trend became dominant in American literature in the 1860s an

28、d early 1870s and 2.特点：it is characterized by vernacular(本国语) language and satirical(挖苦的) humor.3.目的：The final goal of local colorists is to write or to present local characters of their regions distinguished from other.4.举例：The representative figure is Mark Twain.It is a unique variation of America

29、n literary realism.Key words: Mark Twain, local, people and landscape, realism, language, custom, etc.Part II Multiple Choices1. Which is not connected with Thomas PaineA. mon Sense B. The American CrisisC. The Rights of Man D. The Autobiography2. These are the times that try mens souls, these words

30、 were once read to Washingtons troops and did much to spur e*citement to further action with hope and confidence. Who is the author of these wordsBenjamin Franklin B. Thomas Paine C. Thomas Jefferson D. George Washington3. At the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the Europea

31、n movement called the _.A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist MovementC. Enlightenment Movement D. Modernist Movement4. In American literature, the Enlighteners were favorable to_.A. the colonial order B. religious obscurantismC. the Puritan tradition D. the secular literature5. The English colonies i

32、n North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted _ in 1776.A. Declaration of Independence B. the Sugar ActC. the Stamp Act D. the Mayflower pact6. _ usually was regarded as the first American writer.A. William Bradford B. Anne Bradstreet C. Emily Dickins

33、on D. Captain John Smith 7. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the _ who appeared in America.A. Ninth Muse B. Tenth Muse C. Best Muse D. First Muse8. Who was considered as the poet of American RevolutionA. Anne Bradstreet B. Edward Tayl

34、or C. Michael Wigglesworth D. Philip Freneau9. In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced the best poet _ to appear in America up to that time.A. Edward Taylor B. Philip Freneau C. William Cullen Bryant D. Edgar Allen Poe10. The finest e*ample of Nathaniel Hawthornes symbolism is the re

35、creation of Puritan Boston in _.A. The Scarlet Letter B. Young Goodman BrownC. The Marble Faun D. The Ambitious Guest11. The universe is posed of Nature and the soul Spirit is present everywhere. This is the voice of the book Nature written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new ph

36、ase, the phase of New England _.A. Romanticism B. Transcendentalism C. Naturalism D. Symbolism12. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England TranscendentalismA. Nature B. Walden C. On Beauty D. Self-Reliance13. Mark Twain created, in _, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one

37、 of the great books of world literature.A. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn B. The Adventure of Tom SawyerC. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg D. The Gilded Age14. _ marks the clima* of Mark Twains literary creativity.A . The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn B. The Gilded AgeC. Life on the Mississippi

38、 D. The Adventure of Tom Sawyer15. Choose the novel which is not written by Henry James.A. The Ambassadors B. The Wings of the DoveC. The Bostonians D. The Mysterious Stranger16. Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be _.A. transcendentalists B.

39、 idealists C. pessimists D. impressionists17. Ezra Pounds long poem _contained more than one hundred poems loosely connected.A. The Waste Land B. The Cantos C. Don Juan D. Queen Mab18. T. S. Eliots first major poem _(1917), has been called the first masterpiece of modernism in English.A. The Love So

40、ng of J. Alfred Prufrock B. The Waste LandC. Four Quartets D. Preludes19. Ernest Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse. These two persons later became the characters of his novel _.A. The Old Man and the Sea B. For Whom the Bell TollsC. The Su

41、n Also Rises D. A Farewell to Arms20. In William Faulkners The Sound and the Fury, he used a technique called _, in which the whole story was told through the thoughts of one character.A. stream of consciousness B. imagism C. symbolism D. naturalism21. Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson

42、 and _, there arose a kind of teachings of transcendentalism in the early nineteenth century.Herman Melville B. Henry David Thoreau C. Mark Twain D. Theodore Dreiser 22. A New _ had appeared in England in the last years of the eighteenth century. It spread to continental Europe and then came to Amer

43、ica early in the nineteenth century.A. realism B. critical realism C. romanticism D. naturalism 23. From Henry David Thoreaus jail e*perience, came his famous essay, _ which states Thoreaus belief that no man should violate his conscience at the mand of a government.A. Walden B. Nature C. Civil Diso

44、bedience D. mon Sense24. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his _.A. international theme B. waste-land imageryC. local color D. symbolism25. Herman Melvilles _ is an encyclopedia of everything: history, philosophy religion, etc. in addition to a detailed

45、 account of the operations of the whaling industry.A. The Old Man and the Sea B. Moby DickC. White Jacket C. Billy Budd26. The ship _ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A.

46、 Sunflower B. Armada C. Mayflower D. Pequod27. From 1733 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous _, an annual collection of proverbs.A. The Autobiography B. Poor Richards AlmanacC. mon Sense D. The General Magazine28. In American literature, the eighteen-century was the age of the

47、Enlightenment. _ was the dominant spirit.A. Humanism B. Rationalism C. Revolution D. Evolution29. _ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.A. Henry David Thoreau B. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Walt Whitman30. Edgar Allen Poes first collection of short stories is _.A.

48、 Tales of a Traveler B. Leatherstocking TalesC. Canterbury Tales D. Tales of the Grotesque of Arabesque31. _ was a romanticized account of Herman Melvilles stay among the Polynesians. The success of the book soon made Melville well known as the man who lived among cannibals.A. Moby Dick B. Typee C.

49、Omoo D. Billy Budd32. Which is regarded as the Declaration of Intellectual IndependenceThe American Scholar B. English TraitsC. The Conduct of Life D. Representative Men33. The three dominant figures of the realistic period in American literature are _.A. Theodore Dreiser, Emily Dickinson and Willia

50、m Dean HowellsB. Mark Twain, Henry James and William Dean HowellsC. Mark Twain, Theodore Dreiser and William Dean HowellsD. Mark Twain, Emily Dickinson and William Dean Howells34. American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth century. This was _.A. Anne Bradstreet B. Jane A

51、usten C. Emily Dickinson D. Harriet Beecher35. In 1900, London published his first collection of short stories, named_.A. The Son of the Wolf B. The Sea Wolf C. The Law of Life D. White Fang36. In Henry JamesDaisy Miler, the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of _.A. the force

52、of convention B. the free spirit of the New World C. the decline of aristocracy D. the corruption of the newly rich37. Theapparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough. This is the shortest poem written by _.A. T.S. Eliot B. Robert Frost C. Ezra Pound D. E.E.Cumings 38. TheFit

53、zgerald lived so e*travagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as _.A. The Roaring Twenties B. The Jazz Age C. The Dollar Decade D. all

54、of the above39. In 1954, _was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his mastery of the art of modern narration.A. T.S Eliot B. Ernest Hemingway C. John Steinbeck D. William Faukner40. William Faukners novel _ describes the decay and downfall of an old southern aristocratic family, symbolizing t

55、he old social order, told from four different points of view.A. The Sound and the Fury B. StartorisC. The Unvanquished D. The Town41. The Lure of the Spirit: The Flesh in Pursuit is the title of one chapter in Dreisers novel _.A. An American Dream B. Sister CarrieC. Dreiser Looks at Russia D. Jannie

56、 Gerhardt42. The main theme of _The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel.A. Henry James B. William Dean Howells C. Mark Twains D. O. Henrys43. With William Dean Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, _became the maj

57、or trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.A. sentimentalism B. romanticism C. realism D. naturalism44. While embracing the socialism of Mar*, London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiog

58、raphical novel _.A. The Call of the Wild B. The Sea Wolf C. Martin Eden D. The Iron Heel45_is a novella about a young American girl who gets killed by the winter in Rome, and it brought Henry James international fame for the first time.A. The American B. The EuropeansC. Daisy Miller D. The Portait o

59、f a Lady答案：1-5DBCDA 6-10DBDCA 11-15BAAAD 16-20CBADA 21-25BCCCB 26-30CBBBD 31-35 BABCA 36-40BCDBA 41-45BACCCPart III Matching 15分作家作品人物连线Mark Twain马克吐温William Dean Howells豪威尔斯Henry James詹姆斯Stephen Crane克莱恩Theodore Dreiser德莱塞Ezra Pound庞德William Carlos Williams威廉斯T.S. Eliot艾略特Robert Frost弗罗斯特Carl Sandb

60、urg桑伯格Wallace Stevens史蒂文斯，非重点F.Scott Fitzgerald菲茨杰拉德Ernest Hemingway海明威William Faulkner福克纳John Dos Passos非重点John Steinbeck非重点Eugene ONeill 奥尼尔Part IV Blank Fillingis perhaps the peak of William Cullen Bryants wok.Thanatopsis, William Cullen Bryants best-known poem, consists of four stanzas in iambic